RU2249533C2 - Method of raising sunken submarine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: raising sunken submarines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes connecting sunken submarine with hoisting machinery carried on board surface ship, patching the holes and technological openings in submarine hull with shields, forcing water out of submarine hull by feeding the compressed air from rescue ship for imparting buoyancy to submarine not exceeding her mass in surrounding water and raising the submarine by means of said hoisting machinery. Shields mounted on holes and technological openings located at the top of submarine hull over at least ѕ of hull height are made from solid bent sheet provided with seal made from elastic material which is secured on convex side in two rows; seal is also provided with hole for air branch pipe connected with hose. Shields to be placed on bottom holes and technological openings are screened.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability; reduction of time required for raising.

3 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to rescue operations to raise sunken submarines from any depth.

A known method of lifting submarines of relatively low weight and overall dimensions of the period of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, entirely using floating cranes or by cutting into separate sections.

The disadvantages of this method are as follows:

- due to the increase in weight and dimensions of the latest nuclear submarines, with a displacement of 8-12 thousand tons, with a mass of 20 thousand tons and more in the metal of 8-10 thousand tons it is not possible to lift using floating cranes, even from a relatively small depth;

- the work to recover the dead from great depths, for example, from the Komsomolets submarine, lying at a depth of about 2000 m, is complicated many times, and the American submarine Tresher, which crashed at about the same time, lies at a depth of about 4000 m;

- Russia does not have special high-speed, maneuvering "quick response" rescue ships that are designed and equipped for any accident with specially trained human personnel trained for this, like the Alpha Special Forces Special Forces.

The closest and comparable technical solution to the claimed solution is a televised method for raising submarines in two rows of inflatable balloons, articulated in height in a garland of several tiers. Cylinders are held by ropes through certain distances in height and moored by the boat in girth. The number of cylinders on both sides of the submarine is at least 12, 16. With a submarine length of 155 m, the number of covered places should be at least four, two.

The disadvantages of this method of lifting a submarine are as follows:

- cylinders inflated in the air, for example, on a rescue ship present a great technical and technological difficulty. Depending on the depth of the cylinders, they will have different pressures. Consequently, the volumes will be different. How will the material of the cylinders behave from a load of 800-1000 tons?

- The Gulf Stream and frequent storm winds with a wave height of 6 m complicate rescue operations, and taken together with a large sailing capacity of the cylinders has the ability to wrest the submarine from rescuers and throw it back into the deep sea;

- at the level of each cylinder in the water column there should be a pressure sensor connected to the compressor and working with it in automatic mode. How many cylinders and sensors, how many compressors should be duplicated by at least 50% of their total number;

- pumping cylinders with compressed air in water with a constant flow is a great danger and unpredictability;

- this method will require large labor, material costs and time.

The aim of the invention is the speedy recovery of dead sailors, the prevention of injury and death of rescuers, the acceleration and simplification of the work of rescuers, increased reliability when lifting a submarine and towing, reducing material costs, while observing scientific and technical secrecy, to make true information in the media.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the identified holes and any other deformations on the submarine’s hull with the help of rescue divers, with their exact location and geometric dimensions, as well as photographed from all sides are transmitted to the formed government commission to study and take urgent measures to save the living, recovery of the dead. Therefore, a sunken submarine must be constantly monitored regardless of weather conditions.

Holes are covered with shields made at the nearest defense plant, in accordance with the location and geometric dimensions. Shields - continuous, hermetically closing holes or deformed, not amenable to closure technological openings, hatches, etc. 3/4 of the height along the entire length of the hull, and from the bottom by 1/4 in the bottom part, lattice or mesh shields are installed, and for the passage of rescue divers, they are installed with two wickets in the locks, so that no suspended particle leaves the submarine.

Shields of a solid sheet, installed at 3/4 of the height of the submarine, have perimeter brackets attached with holes at the ends, in which fixed-down bolts are inserted, holding the support legs / shoes / at their ends with thread. At the base of the legs facing the hull of the submarine, recesses with dovetail edges are made. Permanent magnets 10-12 mm thick of a large coercive force from an alloy of rare-earth metals of samarium and cobalt five are mounted in these recesses-depressions with a refractory and water-resistant composition, a square meter of which with a thickness of 1 cm holds 96 tons and, accordingly, with a diameter of magnet 10 cm or squared 10 × 10 cm can hold 700-900 kg.

The magnets should protrude from the plane of the support legs / shoes / by 2-4 mm in order to have direct contact with the hull of the submarine and to weld the support legs to the hull.

On the side of the concave surface of the shield facing the housing, along the contour of the shield, two gaskets made of elastic material, rubber or polyurethane are made in two rows. In the circuit of the sealing "rings" is attached / welded / air duct, and from the upper convex side are attached two eyelets for installation.

In accordance with the destination of the switchboard using mounting means, they lower and install the switchboard temporarily and approximately until their location is specified. After that, the support legs are welded to the body. Screwing the bolts on the brackets, press the shield to the hull of the submarine, overcoming the resistance of the gaskets. The quality of the shield installation for tightness is checked by connecting to the nozzle of the air duct and supplying compressed air through it with a pressure excess of 1-2 kg / cm ² of water pressure at the depth of the submarine. If there are no air bubbles around the perimeter of the shield, then the shield is attached to the body tightly, airtight.

The attachment of mesh shields to the hull of a submarine is similar to the attachment of solid shields, with the exception of checking the attachment of support legs.

After installing the shields and checking their tightness, longitudinal and transverse roll gauges are installed, and water level sensors are installed inside each compartment. Both crannometers and water level gauges must be duplicated for reliability.

From the very beginning of conducting rescue operations, a marching boat according to the proposed scheme should be spatially moored with a rescue vessel, with its mooring special rigging mechanisms. The rescue vessel itself is fixed motionless at anchors or fixed to spatially fixed buoys at great depths. The concept of the location of the rescue vessel is “motionless” conditionally relative, since with changes in the direction of even the wind, the vessel cannot stand above one geographical point.

The pulling force of the chals connecting the submarine with the rescue ship must be calculated in advance at the entire height of the rise and entered into the computer. Krenomer sensors and water level gauges in compartments, compressor operation should be monitored by a computer. Each compartment is connected to the compressor by an armored duct on the cables.

As a result of the adopted / preparatory / measures, when compressed air is supplied to the compartments and ballast tanks of the submarine itself, the submarine will float to the surface of the water itself.

At the command of the person responsible for raising the submarine, a trial activation of the entire lifting system is carried out under supervision from the rescue vessel on television and from the place of the submarine illuminated from all sides.

With the inclusion of the entire system on the "rise", the compressors supply compressed air with an excess pressure of 1-2 kg per 1 square. cm into compartments, as a result of which water over the side of the submarine is gradually squeezed out through the mesh shields with and without gates, increasing the lift of the submarine. The magnitude and level of the squeezed water, respectively, and the lifting force are monitored on the display installed near each compressor and on the lift control panel.

The critical moment of raising a submarine is its balanced position, which is calculated and expected. “Silent” roll-type sensors should give a signal that the submarine is in a close or balanced state. Special care must be taken to prevent longitudinal roll and to prevent spontaneous ascent due to the greater lifting force than the weight of the submarine. Then the lifting process may turn out to be uncontrollable. By manipulating the supply of compressed air to the compartments, you need to give the submarine excess weight and transfer the lift to the pulling hoisting mechanisms on the rescue ship.

Such a method in the final stage of raising a submarine is possible if there is a catamaran-type rescue vessel or with the help of two large displacement vessels attached with struts with diagonal connections, as if transformed into one catamaran vessel. So far, in the absence of such a rescue vessel, you can use a large anti-submarine ship, for example, Admiral Chebanenko, the Altai rescue vessel, and allow the submarine to emerge, not particularly limiting the speed of rise, and tow under observation to the dock.

What is new is that boards made of a continuous sheet do not matter which metal they are installed on holes outside the submarine’s hull, they have perimeter evenly spaced brackets with holes at the ends, into which captive bolts are inserted, at the ends of which are screwed support legs with dovetail edges are attached to the thread, permanent magnets of a large coercive force from an alloy of rare-earth metals of samarium and cobalt / Sm Co ₅ / are mounted _{on them} , and on the concave side of the shield / sealed to the hull of the submarine / sealed in a ring in two rows seals made of elastic material, rubber, polyurethane, and inside the contour of the seals an air duct is attached, two mounting eyes are attached to the same convex side of the shield. The shields pre-installed on the holes are securely held on the hull by magnets, verified, and the support legs with the magnets enclosed in them are welded to the hull of the submarine. After that, the bolts on the brackets are evenly screwed, pressing the elastic gaskets to the body, and provide sealing of the compartment from the external aqueous medium. By connecting the air hose from the compressor to the nozzle, check the shield for air-tightness. Solid shields that provide impermeability are installed along the entire length of the hull by 3/4 of the height, and mesh shields, fixed to the hull similarly, in the bottom of the hull, by 1/4 of the height. Simultaneously with the installation of all types of shields, in order to accelerate the preparatory work for lifting, roll-up sensors and water level sensors are installed in the compartments, their electrical connection in the armored cable with the control panel on the rescue ship. Air hoses drawn from compressors are connected to shields above the holes or directly into the compartments through openings enlightened in the housing.

The submarine is lifted at the command of the responsible person under the supervision of instruments and deep-sea divers, not allowing roll, especially longitudinal, and makes it possible to raise the submarine with the help of pulling mechanisms to the surface of the water, followed by towing to the dock for possible repair to the manufacturer .

A new set of features that allows you to extract the bodies of deceased sailors, to prevent the death or injury of rescuers, increase reliability, simplify labor, reduce material costs, study the causes of the accident, and without revealing secrecy, make truthful information in the media.

Figure 1 shows a sunken submarine with holes in the hull;

figure 2 - submarine with installed solid and mesh shields;

figure 3 is a continuous shield, hermetically closing the hole;

figure 4 is a view of a continuous shield in the end;

figure 5 is a view of the shield on aa before welding the support legs with the hull of the submarine;

Fig.6 is a view along aa after welding the support legs to the housing and screwing in the bolts on the brackets;

Fig.7 - mesh shield with supporting legs;

on Fig is a view of the mesh shield from the end;

figure 9 - mesh shield with a gate;

figure 10 - a submarine and a rescue vessel are mutually moored, and the vessel is anchored;

figure 11 is a submarine and a rescue vessel, an end view.

When raising a sunken submarine 1 with holes 2 located on the top along the entire length of the hull by 3/4 of the height, air-tight continuous shields 3 are installed, made of a metal sheet 4, mainly steel, having along the perimeter a row of evenly spaced brackets 5 with holes on ends, into which captive bolts 6 are inserted, at the ends of which support legs / shoes / 7 with a recess / recess / 8, the edges of which are made in a "dovetail", are attached to the screw thread. Permanent magnets 9 of a large coercive force of an alloy of rare-earth metals of samarium and cobalt are mounted with a waterproof and heat-resistant composition in them, and the magnets protrude from the support legs by 2-4 mm in order to have direct contact with the hull of the submarine. On the inner, concave side of the shield 3 around the perimeter in two rows is sealed in a ring seal 10 from an elastic material, such as rubber, polyurethane. A hole is made in the sealing ring circuit on sheet 4 into which the air duct 11 is welded in to connect the air duct 12, which is necessary to check the quality of the seal, and subsequently to supply air to the compartment. On one side of the shield / convex / attached on top are two mounting eyelets 13.

After reconciling the pre-installed shield 3 with the condition that the seals 10 must cover the holes 2, the support legs 7 with permanent magnets 9 are fastened by welding 14 to the submarine’s body, after which they screw the bolts 6 evenly, as a result of which the seals, deforming, seal the compartment from external water entering the compartment and air going overboard into the sea through a hole.

Approximately 1/4 of the height of the hull from the bottom of the submarine in the holes 15 is installed mesh boards 16 or boards with wickets 17 are fixed by welding the support legs to the hull.

Inside each compartment, it installs water level sensors 18, longitudinal roll-type sensors 19, transverse 20. All sensors must be duplicated.

The rescue vessel 21, which is the base, is spatially moored with the submarine by ropes 22 according to a statically "rigid" triangular unchanged pattern, which is the most reliable connection between the submarine and the rescue vessel. The rescue vessel itself is reliably, spatially anchored by ropes 23 for reliable anchors, and at great depths - to spatially fixed buoys.

The entire space in the water column where rescue operations are carried out should be illuminated.

When all auxiliary, preparatory work is completed, the responsible person gives the command for a trial run by switching on the individual systems in turn. The reliability of connections, connections of wires, hoses and ropes is checked. Particular attention should be paid to electrical wiring to prevent seawater from entering the electrical system.

The raising of a submarine begins with the operation of compressors with the supply of compressed air to the compartments, the displacement of water from them through open bottom openings and holes punched by mesh shields. The release of compartments from childbirth is tracked on the scoreboard. Following the release of the compartments from the water, the tanks of the main and auxiliary ballasts are purged when a suspended state of the submarine can be expected. Not including air supply to differential and equalization tanks and others, if any, some excess weight should be left so that lifting is carried out by lifting, pulling mechanisms with the help of ropes /, because free, difficult to control ascent presents a certain danger. After lifting or surfacing a submarine, the latter is towed to the dock.

Techno-economic and moral-ethical advantages of the proposed method of lifting a sunken submarine are as follows:

- confidence that all the bodies of the dead sailors will be recovered;

- relatively small material costs for the manufacture of mainly two types of panels;

- simplicity of the method;

- insignificant duration, independent of weather conditions.

Claims (3)

1. A method of lifting a sunken submarine, which includes connecting the boat with ropes to hoisting mechanisms located on a surface catamaran type rescue vessel and subsequently lifting the submarine with these mechanisms, characterized in that water is pumped out from the rescue vessel through the hoses before lifting the boat compressed air until the boat is buoyant, not exceeding its weight in the surrounding water, while previously holes and technological holes in the hull of the submarine cover solid and mesh shields mounted on them, made with brackets evenly spaced along their perimeter, having holes at the ends, into which bolts, fixed with their necks, are inserted with support legs mounted on their threads, permanent magnets are mounted in the base seats, and after the shields are arranged on place the support legs are welded to the hull of the submarine and screw the mentioned bolts into them, while on holes and technological holes located on top of the hull of the submarine, on At least 3/4 of its height, shields are installed, each of which is made of a continuous curved sheet with a sealant made of elastic material fixed in two rows along its contour from the concave side for sealing when the bolts are said to be screwed, as well as with an opening for the seal located inside the contour fixing in it an air pipe located on the convex side of the sheet for connection to the hose, and two mounting loops located on this convex side, and on holes and technological holes Stia disposed in the bottom of the hull, mounted shields made mesh. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rescue vessel is attached to the anchors from four sides. 3. The method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that all the compartments of the boat are first freed of water, then compressed air is supplied to the tanks of the main ballast, and then to the differential and equalization tanks.

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