RU2249172C1 - Method to defend military and civil objects against a fire of the weapons using the laser semi-active homing guidance systems (alternatives) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: defense of military and civil objects against the high-precision weapons fire.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with military technology, in particular with methods of defense of military and civil objects against the high-precision weapons fire. The method consists in the operation on prevention of locking-on the object of illumination by the head of homing and screening of the object of defense to prevent the pass into the overhead semi-sphere of the space of a reflected from the object beam of a laser illuminator or in making a false target. At that they first determine a presence of laser illumination of the object of defense in a fixed frequency range, a frequency of laser illumination, generate a signal on this frequency identical to the laser illumination signal and direct it away from the defended object, preferably in direction of a free land. The method ensures a considerable reduction of a probability of a direct hit of the high-precision weapon with a laser semi-active homing guidance system both in the mobile and the fixed objects.

EFFECT: the invention ensures a considerable reduction of a probability of a direct hit of the high-precision weapon with a laser semi-active homing guidance in the mobile and fixed objects.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment, namely to protect the military, as well as civilian objects from precision weapons, which are currently being increasingly used in military operations.

The main object of protection are tanks, armored vehicles, long-term firing points, i.e. objects directly on the front line of fire.

The principle of operation of a high-precision semi-active laser homing gun is that the operator illuminates the object with a laser beam, and a 1.06 μm laser beam reflected from the object is perceived by a homing head flying towards the object of the rocket or projectile. The control system of the aircraft by the signal generated by the homing head, orientes the rocket or projectile at the illuminated object.

The laser beam reflected from the object is diffusive, i.e. reflection goes in all directions. Part of this ray goes to the upper hemisphere of space and with sufficient power, i.e. at a certain distance to the object flying at it from above the weapon, it hits the element of the homing head sensitive to this wavelength. Thus, the object is captured by the head, which generates commands for pointing the weapon at the object.

The problem solved by the present invention is to reduce the likelihood of high-precision laser-guided semi-active homing weapons getting into the object of protection.

The method of protecting objects from damage by weapons, including high-precision ones, is widely known. This is a way of setting smoke screens.

With this method, the operator pointing the weapon does not see the object of destruction, and in addition, the infrared beam does not enter the weapon control system. The use of this method of protection involves either detecting the fact that the object being protected is irradiated with an infrared ray, or assuming that weapon systems operating in the optical or infrared wavelength range can be located in this section of the front. In this case, the installation of smoke screens is carried out immediately before the attack.

Belousov V.V., Zelyaev A.F. Smoke and oxidizing incendiary. M .: Military Publishing House, 1961

Patent RU N 2102690 "Method for optimizing the operating modes of high-performance aerosol generators" (published on January 20, 1998).

However, this method of protection dramatically reduces the maneuverability of armored vehicles and is more effective at the time of retreat, because the smoke screen closes not only the attacking armored vehicles from the weapons operator, but also their likely targets and driving directions. This method of passive defense is ineffective for protecting stationary military objects, such as bunkers, bunkers of radar command posts, etc., because can protect them only for a short time. In addition, the smoke screen is not only short-term in nature, but also unstable, depending on the strength and direction of the wind.

A known method of active protection of flying objects from missiles with an optical or thermal homing head, which consists in shooting from the object of protection of thermal false targets. Due to the large optical and thermal contrast, the homing head of the attacking rocket leads it to a false target.

Patent RU No. 2141094 "Method for the protection of aircraft from missiles equipped with homing heads" (published on 10.11.1999).

Patent RU No. 2184923 "Method for the protection of aircraft" (published July 10, 2002).

This method cannot be applied against weapons that respond not only to the wavelength of radiation, but also to the frequency of sending laser radiation, because the homing head reacts not only to the radiation wavelength, but also to its frequency specified in the control command generation program.

A known method of disguising ground structures.

Patent RU No. 2090827 "Method for masking ground structures" (published on September 20, 1997).

This method is mainly used to protect structures based on concrete and cement. The method consists in applying to a masked surface a dispersion of a substance that converts the absorbed radiation into radiation with a longer wavelength.

The main disadvantage of this method is its fragility, dependence on weather conditions and the need for periodic verification of the health of the applied protection. The method is practically not applicable to the protection of moving objects, because the emulsion will very quickly lose its protective properties. In addition, the application of the emulsion does not exclude the possibility of reflection from the object of part of the power of the beam of the illuminator, sufficient to capture it with a homing head.

The technical result of the invention is to significantly reduce the hit of high-precision weapons with laser semi-active homing in both moving and stationary objects.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of protecting objects from weapons with laser semi-active homing, including preventing the capture of the object of illumination by the homing head, according to the invention, preventing the capture of the object of illumination by the homing head is carried out using a screen installed on the object with a width of at least half the height of the protected part of the object, excluding passage into the upper hemisphere of the space reflected from the object of the beam of the laser illuminator. According to the invention, the screen is made of aluminum or iron rod, covered with fabric or dark plastic film. The second embodiment of the invention is that in the method of protecting objects from weapons with laser semi-active homing, including preventing the capture of the object of illumination by the homing head, according to the invention, the presence of laser radiation of the object of protection in a fixed frequency range and its frequency is determined, a laser beam is generated at this frequency and prevent capture of the object of illumination by the homing head by creating a false target, directing the generated laser beam in the direction of the earth in the direction from th object.

The essence of the method is shown in figures 1 and 2.

Figure 1 shows the passive protection of the tank.

Figure 2 presents the passive protection of a long-term firing point. The proposed protection method according to the second embodiment is shown in figure 3. The implementation of the method according to the first embodiment can be carried out, for example, by installing on the turret of the tank, front, side and rear tracks of the construction in the form of peaks or caps 1, Fig. 1. For stationary fortification objects, such as, for example, a long-term firing point (Fig. 2), this method can be a very effective defense against this type of high-precision weapon. As an implementation of the method, this can be, for example, a hoop or visor 1 (FIGS. 1 and 2) made of aluminum or an iron rod covered in cloth or a dark plastic film. The width of the structure must be at least half the height of the protected part of the object. In this case, the laser beam reflected from the object does not have the ability to propagate into the upper hemisphere of space, because the fabric or film does not pass it and, as a result, the homing head does not capture the beam reflected from the object, and the rocket flies past the object.

An object protected in this way can only be highlighted from above, for example, from a helicopter. But such a backlight will require accurate stabilization of the backlight in space, and, in addition, the helicopter can be shot down at any time, because the distance between it and the object should not be more than 5000 m, because due to the divergence of the laser beam at a greater distance, the power of the beam reflected from the object will be insufficient to capture it by the homing missile.

This method of passive protection is economical, easy to implement, quite effective, does not reduce the maneuverability of armored vehicles. The disadvantage of this method can be considered the presence of sail construction, but with a sufficiently rigid structure, this disadvantage is removable.

An active method of protecting an object is that it determines the presence of irradiation of the protected object at a specific wavelength in a given frequency range of the backlight pulses, generates a laser beam at this wavelength and frequency, which is directed away from the protected object in the direction of the earth.

The wavelength of the laser illuminator is 1.06 μm. The backlight frequency is carried out in the range of 30-60 Hz, which is enough to organize missile autopilot control commands.

In addition, this frequency range will not allow the protection equipment to operate when the object is irradiated both from probing single pulses of laser rangefinders and from object irradiation by missile control commands that are guided by the telecontrol principle. The power of the generated laser beam of the protected object is an order of magnitude lower than the power of the beam sent by the laser illuminator, because it is enough to capture the homing head already flown up to the object of the rocket. Typically, the capture range of such heads is about 2.5 km.

The method is implemented by apparatus, a block diagram of which is shown in figure 3, where:

1 - sensitive elements to the length of the laser radiation warriors 1.06 microns;

2 - OR circuit;

3 - determinant of the frequency of the backlight in the range of 30-60 Hz;

4 - pulse generator of the selected frequency;

5 - laser radiation generator.

Several sensitive elements are installed in different parts of the object of protection on the basis of the fact that the diameter of the spot of the laser illuminator is about 1 m.

When a laser beam hits at least one sensitive element 1, a signal appears at its output, which, through the OR circuit 2, is fed to frequency determiner 3 and frequency generator 4. If there are signals from blocks 2 and 3, a control signal appears at the input of frequency generator 4, which starts the laser radiation generator 5. The generator 5 for moving objects can be mounted on a swivel base, which allows you to direct the generated laser beam in the direction of the earth in such a way as to prevent it from falling on a nearby range put their objects.

Thus, the proposed method of protection significantly reduces the likelihood of high-precision weapons with laser semi-active homing in the objects of protection, both mobile and stationary.

Claims (3)

1. A method of protecting objects from weapons with laser semi-active homing, including preventing capture of the object of illumination by the homing head, characterized in that preventing the capture of the object of illumination by the homing head is carried out using a screen installed on the object with a width of at least half the height of the protected part of the object, which excludes passage to the upper hemisphere of space reflected from the object of the laser beam. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen is made of aluminum or iron rod, covered with a cloth or a dark plastic strip. 3. A method of protecting objects from weapons with laser semi-active homing, including preventing the capture of the object of illumination by the homing head, characterized in that they determine the presence of laser radiation of the object of protection in a fixed frequency range and its frequency, produce a laser beam at this frequency and prevent the object from being captured by the head homing by creating a false target, directing the generated laser beam in the direction of the earth away from the protected object.

Images