RU2249135C1 - Pressure vessel cover closing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: tire industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed to provide reliable operation of reactor used for thermal liquefying of waste rubber, including worn-out tires. Proposed device contains cover with lifting mechanism installed on housing, quick-release cone-and-flange coupling, cover closing mechanism, gasket placed between flanges of housing and cover. Cone-and-flange coupling is made in form of flanges of cover and housing with outer conical surfaces, and disconnecting device in form of pair of hoops with conical groove made on inner surface of hoops. Coupling is made asymmetrical, seat surface of housing flange being parallel to mating surface of hoop groove. Cover closing mechanism is furnished with two hydraulic cylinders secured on ends of one of hoops on its outer side on guides in form of rods connecting opposite ends of hoops and, additionally, two hydraulic cylinders arranged on the same rods on outer side of other hoop. Rods are secured in brackets diametrically arranged on vessel housing, and they pass through holes made on end of hoops. Cover lifting mechanism is provided with hydraulic jack found on inner side of cover. Gasket is spiral wound in form of metal skeleton with limiting rings filled with graphite foil.

EFFECT: simplified design of device at preservation of tightness and reliability in operation.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, mainly chemical, and can be used in installations for barometric processing of products from elastomeric materials, in particular, for mechanically closing the lid of vessels and apparatuses operating under pressure and having a large neck diameter, for example, a reactor for carrying out the technological process according to thermal liquefaction of used rubber, including used car tires.

Currently, one of the urgent tasks is to ensure the reliable operation of a vessel designed for the safe conduct of technological processes for the disposal of rubber products, including car tires, by dissolution. The vessel operates under pressure at high room temperature with the possibility of the formation of an explosive mixture of gasoline vapor and toluene with air. Achieving safety is possible through the use of various designs of mechanisms for locking the lid of the vessel, eliminating the possibility of opening the lid when the pressure inside the vessel is more atmospheric. Known devices for locking the caps of vessels operating under pressure:

- with forced preservation of tightness by creating contact pressure with fasteners;

- with self-sealing by creating contact pressure using a quick-release conical-flange connection.

The latter are more preferred and closest analogues of the present invention.

A device for locking a sealed vessel according to patent SU No. 1787045 A3, class. In 01 J 3/00, publ. 01/07/93, containing a cover with a lifting mechanism mounted on the housing, a quick-disconnect cone-flange connection made in the form of flanges with external conical surfaces and covering the ends of the adjustable device in the form of a clamp with internal conical surfaces, two hydraulic cylinders placed on diametrically opposite sides of the adjustable device.

The presence of a multi-section adjustable collar and the supply of sections with articulated joints leads to difficulties in manufacturing the adjustable collar, an increase in the size and metal consumption of the detachable joint, and the inability to ensure reliable sealing of the chamber. This is due to the fact that during operation, the articulated joints of the movable sections wear out, which leads to the formation of gaps between them and to a reduction in the clamping force, and hence to a decrease in the reliability of the sealing of the device.

Closest to the invention is a device for locking the lid of a pressure vessel, comprising a lid with a lifting mechanism mounted on the housing, a quick-release cone-flange connection made in the form of flanges of the lid and the housing with external conical surfaces and enveloping the ends of the adjustable device in in the form of a pair of yokes with a conical groove made on the inner surface of the yokes, a cover closing mechanism equipped with two hydraulic cylinders fixed at the ends of one of the yokes on its outer side on guides in the form of rods connecting the opposite ends of the yokes, a gasket located between the flanges of the housing and the cover (US patent No. 2338622, class 220-61, publ. 04.06.44).

However, the presence of a gear and cable-block system, two pairs of guides on each side, located at the ends of the half rings and used to move the half rings along them, complicates the design of the device as a whole. It is impossible to ensure uniform mixing and dilution of half rings without skewing and jamming along four guides at the same time and the same degree of clamping of the cover on both sides, and making two holes on each end of half rings having a small area to accommodate these guides reduces the reliability of operation during prolonged use of the device under pressure due to the destruction of this system. The use in a known device of a conventional elastic sealing gasket leads to a change in its properties under the action of an aggressive working medium, high temperature and high pressure, its deformation and “sticking” to the surface of the lid, which increases the initial force of opening the lid, leading to the breakout of the lining and its exit from failure and, as a result, to reduce the tightness of the device.

The present invention solves the problem of simplifying the design of the device for locking the lid of a vessel operating under pressure while maintaining tightness and reliability, including with media corrosive to non-metallic sealing materials using elastic deformation to seal.

To achieve the specified technical result in a device for locking the lid of a vessel operating under pressure, comprising a lid with a lifting mechanism mounted on the housing, a quick-detachable cone-flange connection made in the form of flanges of the lid and the housing with external conical surfaces, and the ends of the adjustable devices in the form of a pair of yokes with a conical groove made on the inner surface of the yokes, a mechanism for closing the lid, equipped with two hydraulic cylinders fixed to the end one of the yokes on its outer side on guides in the form of rods connecting the opposite ends of the yokes, a gasket placed between the flanges of the housing and the cover, the cover closing mechanism is additionally equipped with two hydraulic cylinders located on the same rods on the outside of the other yoke, the rods are fixed in brackets diametrically located on the vessel body and pass through holes made at the ends of the yokes, the cover lifting mechanism is equipped with a hydraulic jack located on the inside of the covers , Gasket is spirally wound around a metal frame with restriction rings filled with graphite foil cone-flange connection is asymmetric, wherein the seat surface of the mating housing flange is parallel with a surface groove therein yoke.

Thanks to the presence of two additional hydraulic cylinders, the design of the device for locking the lid of a vessel operating under pressure is greatly simplified, while the reliability of the mechanism and the tightness of the connection, including with working media that are corrosive to non-metallic sealing materials using elastic deformation for sealing, are maintained.

The placement of additional hydraulic cylinders is similar to the two installed, but at the ends of the second yoke on its outer side, it significantly reduces the dimensions of the device, ensures uniform distribution of the load over the entire surface of the flange connection, and therefore the uniform gasket seal necessary to achieve reliable sealing of the device.

The pairwise placement of hydraulic cylinders belonging to different yokes on one rod passing through the holes at the ends of these yokes allows uniform reduction and dilution of half rings without distortions and jams due to the simultaneous movement of hydraulic cylinders along the same guide, create a clamping force of the same size and ensure reliable sealing of the flange connector. The use of one rod for two hydraulic cylinders reduces the magnitude of the stroke, and therefore the overall dimensions of the reactor, which creates a more compact reactor design.

Providing the mechanism for lifting (turning) the lid with a hydraulic jack located on the inside of the lid provides an initial blasting of the lid, which helps to reduce the initial effort of tearing the lid and, therefore, to prevent the gasket from tearing off due to “sticking” when the lid is opened.

The use of a spiral-wound gasket in the form of a metal frame with restrictive rings filled with graphite foil, for example, “graflex”, ensures the reliability of sealing and sealing of the flange connector due to the resistance to aggressive media used in the process of heat treatment of waste rubber, the ability to work in a wide the range of high temperatures and pressures without changing the chemical and physical properties, the restoration of its original size, and is also excluded other possibilities of “sticking” to the surface of the flange connection of the cover and housing.

The execution of the cone-flange connection is asymmetric, in which the seating surface of the housing flange is parallel to the mating surface of the yoke grooves, which provides reliable sealing of the flange connection by compressing the gasket. This is due to the fact that the movement of the yokes occurs along a complex path. Initially, the yoke rapprochement occurs along the horizontal axis until the parallel landing surfaces of the yoke groove and the mating surface of the housing flange touch, which leads to the cover being pressed against the housing. Then, due to the gap between the stem and the hole in the yokes, the latter move upward along the inclined surface of the lid flange until this gap is selected, as a result of which the gasket is compressed, which ensures reliable sealing of the flange joint.

Figure 1 schematically shows a General view of the device;

figure 2 shows a combined top view with an open lid and a divorced yoke and a closed lid and flattened yoke;

figure 3 shows the cover with a two-arm lever welded to it;

figure 4 is a view aa in figure 2, a cross-section of a flange connection and the location of the spiral wound gasket;

figure 5 shows a General view of the reactor for thermal fluidification of waste rubber with the lid open;

figure 6 shows a General view of the reactor for thermal fluidification of waste rubber with the lid closed.

A device for locking the lid of a pressure vessel consists of a mechanism for lifting (turning) the lid and a mechanism for closing it. The lifting mechanism (rotation) of the cover 1 contains a two-arm lever 2 welded to it (Figs. 1, 3, 6), one shoulder of which is connected by means of the rod 3 to the hydraulic cylinder 4, which is mounted for swinging on the supporting support 5. The other arm of the lever 2 (Fig. .5) mounted on one of the rods 6, mounted in brackets 7, diametrically located on the housing 8. For preliminary undercutting of the cover 1, the lifting (turning) mechanism is equipped with a hydraulic jack 9 located on the lever 2 from the inside of the cover 1.

The mechanism for closing the lid of the vessel contains a quick-release cone-flange connection and a drive for moving it. The conical-flange connection is made in the form of flanges 10 and 11 (figure 4) of the cover 1 and the housing 8, respectively, and the ends of the adjustable yokes 12. The yokes 12 are made in the form of two detachable half rings mounted on the housing 8. The opposite ends of the yokes are pairwise connected by rods 6 (figure 2, 6) passing through holes made at the ends of the half rings. The rods 6 are mounted on the brackets 7 and are guides for information and breeding of the yokes 12. To unload the rods from the forces arising from the pushing of the yokes 12 on the surface of the flanges 10 and 11, a guaranteed clearance is provided between the holes of the yokes under the rod 6 (not shown in the drawing ) On the inner side of the yokes 12, an asymmetric annular landing groove 13 is made (Fig. 4), in which the surface 14 and the outer surface 15 of the flange 10 mating with it are made with a common taper angle, for example 6 °, and the seating surface 16 of the groove 13 is parallel to the mating with it surface 17 of the flange 11 of the housing. Four hydraulic cylinders 18 (FIGS. 5, 6) are fixed in pairs on each rod 6 from the outer side of the yokes 12, which serve to move the yokes along them 12. Between the flanges 10 and 11 in the annular groove 19 (FIG. 4) of the housing 8, a gasket 20 is located. The gasket 20 is made spiral-wound in the form of a metal frame with restrictive rings filled with graphite foil, for example, “graphlex”.

The operation of the device for closing the lid of the vessel is as follows:

In the initial position, the lid of the vessel is open (figure 5). Waste rubber, for example, used car tires, is loaded into the vessel body 8 and the lid 1 is closed. For this purpose, the working fluid under pressure is supplied to the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 4 (Figs. 1, 6). Under pressure, the rod 3 of the hydraulic cylinder moves downward, transmitting force to the lever 2 connected to it. The lever pivots and carries the cover 1 rigidly connected to it. The cover is lowered, while the hydraulic cylinder 4, due to its location on the swinging support 5, allows plane-parallel movement lid, combines the flanges 10 and 11 and ensures uniform distribution of the load when sealing the gasket 20. Turn on the mechanism for closing the lid, for this create a working pressure in the hydraulic cylinders 18, which begin They move towards each other along the rods 6 and reduce the yoke 12. In this case, the flanges 10 and 11 (Fig. 4) enter the annular groove 13 of the yokes 12. With the further approach of the yokes 12 due to the gap between the rod and the hole at the ends of the yokes the yokes up the conical surface 15 of the flange 10, as a result of which the flanges are connected and compress the gasket 20 located between the flanges 10 and 11. The hydraulic cylinders 18 are turned off. To unload the rods from the forces arising when the yokes 12 are pushed onto the surface of the flanges 10 and 11, a guaranteed clearance is provided between the yokes of the yokes under the rod 6. The lid 1 is closed, the gasket 20 is tightly pressed, providing reliable sealing of the surface of the reactor connector. The reactor is ready to go.

Opening the cover 1 is carried out in the reverse order. For this, the hydraulic cylinders 18, which begin to work in the opposite direction, are supplied with pressure while the yokes connected to them also begin to diverge (Fig. 5). The movement of the yokes takes place until the flanges 10 and 11 completely come out of the groove 13. The hydraulic jack 9 (Figs. 2, 5) undermines the cover to release the gasket and reduce the force on the lifting (turning) cylinder. 4. Further opening of the cover is carried out by the hydraulic cylinder 4, while the rod 3 moves upward, transferring force to the lever 2 connected to it, the latter rotates in the opposite direction and lifts the cover 1. The cover opens. The process of rubber thermal fluidization is completed.

Thus, the use of the invention can significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing this device due to the simplification of its design and at the same time maintain tightness and reliability, including with media corrosive to non-metallic sealing materials using elastic deformation to seal. Increased tightness and reliability of the device allows you to use it in an explosive area of the room. A working draft has been developed for the industrial use of a waste rubber thermal fluidization reactor.

Claims (1)

A device for locking the lid of a pressure vessel, comprising a lid with a lifting mechanism mounted on the housing, a quick-detachable cone-flange connection made in the form of flanges of the lid and the housing with external conical surfaces and the ends of the adjustable device in the form of a pair of yokes with a conical a groove made on the inner surface of the yokes, a lid closing mechanism provided with two hydraulic cylinders fixed at the ends of one of the yokes on its outer side to the side in the form of rods connecting the opposite ends of the yokes, a gasket located between the flanges of the housing and the cover, characterized in that the closing mechanism of the cover is provided with two additional hydraulic cylinders located on the same rods on the outside of the other yoke, the rods are mounted in brackets diametrically located on the vessel body, and pass through holes made at the ends of the yokes, the cover lifting mechanism is equipped with a hydraulic jack located on the inside of the cover, the gasket is made in a spiral o-wound in the form of a metal frame with restriction rings filled with graphite foil cone-flange connection is asymmetric, wherein the seat surface of the mating housing flange is parallel with the surface of the bore therein the yoke.

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