RU2249114C1 - Temporary protective rock wall - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: wall has caved-in rock, being in passage with cuts and fully closing the latter, which is formed by prior driving of a fan of coupled ascending drifts, loading charges therein and detonating the latter in order from ends of fan to its center. In rock before wall two mated side horizontal dead-end tunnels are made at sharp angles ±40÷60° to direction of air strike waves and with cross-section area, equal to area of main passage cross-section, and with length 5÷15 of dimensions of passage width. On the side of approach of air strike wave angles of mating surfaces of protected passage and dead-end tunnels are made rounded. After protection from air strike wave and providing for possible crossing of passage rock of wall is stored in horizontal dead-end tunnels.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, lower costs.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods of protection and is intended to attenuate shock air waves (air-blasts) in mine workings with the aim of preserving underground structures and communications, and preferably to protect a protected (main) volume from possible emergency situations (during explosion and propagation of high-power air-blasts). It can be used in blasting operations with super-calculated air-blast parameters, as well as to protect the passage to the main protected volume from large and super-calculated air-blast air-blast capacity when the latter propagates through a connecting mine.

A heat extinguishing device for extinguishing air-blown air-blast units of multiple action [1] is known, comprising a passage in a mine with transverse sections of wells made therein, with each section well provided with conoidal openings at the entrance to the rock, and at the end of the well, with destroyed rock chambers removed from each other from a friend and from the longitudinal axis of the channel. In this device, the air-blast is suppressed due to its flowing into conoidal expansion in the surface of the passage at the entrance to the rock and then through the wells into the chambers of the destroyed rock. The invention has low air-blast damping efficiency, especially in the longitudinal direction.

A device for protection against shock air waves in mine passages [2], containing hollow elements mounted on the mine passage with a step equal to 2-4 diameters of the shaft shaft, made in the form of thin-walled shells with sealed evacuated cavities, and some of the thin-walled shells are made in in the form of columns. In this device, the air-blast is extinguished due to the creasing of thin-walled shells (by expending the creasing energy of the air-blast) and due to the expansion of the air-blast in crumpled cavities of thin-walled shells. The device has low air-blast damping efficiency, especially in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the blasting of air-blast occurs with a significant number and distribution of thin-walled shells along the passage of mining. Also, the implementation of the device requires large expenditures of high-quality metal (to maintain a vacuum) on thin-walled shells, which increases its cost.

A device for extinguishing air-blast energy in the mine passage [3]. In this device, the air-blast energy is quenched in the passageway on an elastic bridge in the form of a hollow toroidal body elongated in the direction of the working axis with a central hole capable of moving along the mine working under the influence of a shock wave, and the bridge on the air-blast side is equipped with a parachute conical shutter, the toroidal cavity is filled with a super-sealant , and the path of movement of the toroidal body is reinforced by segments of the conveyor belt. The device has a low efficiency of extinguishing powerful air-blast, including air-blast super-calculated parameters. In this case, the protective bridge can move over the mine for considerable distances.

A device for suppressing air-blast energy in the passage of mining and localization of the energy of the blast wave [4]. In this device, air-blast energy cancellation in the mine passage is carried out on a bridge made of a filter cloth of a canvas with elements of its fastening and a reinforcing cloth of flexible slings. Moreover, the canvas filter cloth is made with unloading windows and a sliding of two sections. In one discharge window, a drop-down elastic closed shell is installed, made in the form of a longitudinal inflatable body of airtight material. To activate a drop-down elastic closed shell, an autonomous gas supply source can be used, made, for example, in the form of a gas-generating device with remote start. The device can provide partial patency along the passage of the mine, especially when using a gas generating device with remote start to activate a drop-down elastic closed shell. But this device also has low efficiency of suppressing powerful air-blast including air-blast of over-calculated parameters. In this case, the protective bridge can be broken through and moved along the passage of the mine for considerable distances.

There is a method of localization of a gas explosion when extinguishing underground fires in the passages of mine workings [5], which consists in the fact that the mine workings are filled with air-mechanical foam, multiplicity 100-500. This device has low air-blast damping efficiency, especially of large and extra-large power.

A device for damping air-blast energy in a mine passage on extinguishing bridges crossing the main part of its cross-sectional area and made of flexible elements freely hanging from the arch separated by air gaps, the first rows of which are made of sleeves filled with water, and the subsequent rows are made of synthetic elements in the form of ribbons [6]. This device has low air-blast damping efficiency of especially large and ultra-large power.

A device is known for damping air-blast energy in underground passageways, implemented to extinguish air-blast during mass explosions [7], in which the air-blast energy is extinguished on a rotating bridge installed in the underground tunnel. The device contains two jumpers placed perpendicular to one another, one of which is installed with the possibility of overlapping the cross section of the passage of the mine, and the other is mounted on the axis with the possibility of rotation and overlapping niches made in the passage. The jumpers are rigidly connected to each other and mounted on the axis with the possibility of simultaneous rotation, while the axis is located on the sole of the passage, and a niche is located in its sole. The axis of the niche can be located at an angle of 45 ° to the bottom of the excavation, and the niche can have decompression channels made in the form of wells, connected at one end to a niche, and the other with a crossing space. The disadvantage of this device is that it is made stationary, closing the passage into the protected volume. In addition, this device has low air-blast damping efficiency, especially of large and extra-large power. So, the known device provides for a partial passage of air-blast through the first (short) jumper, and this is not always permissible according to the requirements of protecting the protected volume. In addition, huge loads on the second (long) jumper during its braking (closure by a jumper of a mine working) can lead to its destruction. The increase in strength and mass of the jumpers will lead to a large inertia of the device and, consequently, to a low efficiency of air-blast damping in a mountain passage.

There is a method of extinguishing air-blast energy in a mountain passage [8], including placing water tanks in the air-blast path, installing explosive substances (HE) in high-explosive tanks and explosive atomization of water during short-term explosion of technological charges due to a more complete use of the kinetic energy of the sprayed water . The containers are made in the form of water-filled wells drilled in the sole of the aisle, above the mouths of which hollow cylindrical columns are installed with holes for directing high-pressure jets towards the front of the air-blast, made along the generatrix of the cylinder, while water is sprayed by alternately initiating high-explosive charges with a deceleration corresponding to the deceleration intervals between explosions technological charges that create a continuous water curtain with dynamic pressure in the plane of its formation, no less than an excess in air-screw compression pressure as it passes through this plane. The method provides a cross mine working, which is its advantage. Undermining explosive charges is carried out simultaneously with the initiation of a common electric blast network, and this means that the method can be applied only when the exact time of attenuation of the air-blast is known, and also the power of the air-blast is known. When protecting from the damaging effects of a sudden air-blast, large and extra-large power, the known device is ineffective.

Known temporary protective rock jumper [9], containing pre-collapsed rock in the aisle, completely covering its volume, and in front of the jumper has an upward compensation chamber inclined at an acute angle in the direction of air-blast, a deadlock tunnel.

A disadvantage of the known temporary protective breed jumper is:

- the complexity of the construction and construction technology of the inclined compensation chamber;

- insufficient efficiency of air-blast suppression in one uprising mine (mountain passage).

The prototype of the invention is a temporary protective rock bridge [10], containing collapsed rock located in the aisle with cuts and completely covering it, which is formed by the preliminary penetration of fans of paired rebels, the laying of blast holes in them and undermining the latter in turn from the ends of the fans of paired rebels to its center.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that when exposed to an air-blast of over-calculated values, it (jumper) may not withstand such a load and allow a breakthrough of an over-calculated air-blast into the protected volume. In addition, after the redemption of an air-blast or a series of air-blasts, significant material and time costs are required to eliminate the protective temporary jumper and ensure the need to enter the main protected volume.

The indicated drawback sets the task of increasing the effectiveness of the temporary pedigree web (by reducing the load on it), namely, increasing its protective properties. As well as the task of reducing energy and time costs for freeing the passage from the temporary rock bridge and restoring its patency.

The solution of these problems is achieved by the fact that in the rock in front of the temporary rock jumper containing collapsed rock, located in the aisle with cuts and completely covering it, formed by the preliminary penetration of fans of paired rebels, laying in them with blast holes and undermining the latter in sequence from the ends of the fan paired rebels to its center, two additional lateral horizontal deadlock tunnels are made at acute angles of ± 40 ~ 60 ° to the air-blast direction with a transverse area equal to second cross-sectional area of the main passage, and a length of 5 ~ 15 aisle width dimensions, wherein from the approach angles IOCTL interface surfaces protected passage tunnels and deadlock can be made rounded.

The implementation of two conjugate lateral horizontal deadlock tunnels is necessary to reduce the load from air-blast on the temporary rock jumper and, thereby, increase its protective properties. Compared with the analogue [9], horizontal deadlock tunnels are more technologically advanced to manufacture, and can also be used to place rock after temporary blasting after blasting it off. In addition, two tunnels will have greater efficiency of extracting air-blast energy quenching than in the analogue [9].

The location of two conjugate lateral horizontal dead-end tunnels at sharp angles of ± 40-60 ° to the air-blast direction is necessary to maximize air-blast energy removal from the temporary protective jumper and at the same time to prevent its destruction into the passage of the protected volume. The mating angle depends on the type of rock.

The implementation of conjugate horizontal deadlock tunnels with a transverse area equal to the cross-sectional area of the main passage is necessary for the removal of air-blast waves (compaction-rarefaction) without jumps, which can have a harmful additional effect on the temporary protective rocking bridge.

The implementation of conjugate horizontal deadlock tunnels with a length of 5 ~ 15 dimensions of the passage width in volume equal to or greater than the estimated volume of the collapsed rock of the temporary bridge is necessary for the effective suppression of air-blast energy. In this case, one must proceed (find the optimal solution for the length of the tunnels) from the coupling angle, the type of soil and the cost of driving these tunnels. After quenching air-blast energy (or series of air-blast impacts) on a temporary rock jumper, the jumper can be removed with minimal energy and time in the free volumes of horizontal deadlock tunnels used (for blanking air-blast) located in the immediate vicinity of the construction site of the temporary rock jumper (in front of it) ) That is, quickly ensure patency in the protected volume with little time and energy costs.

The implementation from the approach of the air-blast approach of the corners of the mating surfaces of the protected passage and deadlock tunnels rounded is necessary for a smoother entry of the air-blast wave (without large shock waves - rarefaction, which can have a harmful destructive effect on the temporary protective rock jumper) into the dead-end tunnels in order to extinguish it.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section B-B of a temporary protective rock bridge of a mine passage in the place of passage of twin rebellion fans and the device of two conjugate lateral horizontal deadlock tunnels at acute angles of ± 40-60 ° to the air-blast direction (after the formation of the bridge with an explosion).

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section bb of the mine after the explosion and harvesting of rock into horizontal blind alleys (restoration of passability of the passage).

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section DD (top view) of the mine after extinguishing the air-blast energy and harvesting the rock into horizontal dead-end tunnels (restoring the passability of the passage).

Figure 4 is a schematic view of preliminary preparation for the construction of an explosion of a temporary protective rock lintel in a mine, namely:

on figa) is a transverse section aa of the mine workings (protected passage and cuts) at the site of passage of fans of paired rebels;

on figb) - a longitudinal section bb of the mine workings (protected passage and dead end tunnel);

on figv) - a longitudinal section bB (bottom-up view) of the mine;

4g) is a transverse section GG of a mine working (tunnel).

A temporary protective rock jumper contains collapsed rock 1, located in the passage 2 with cuts 3 and completely covering it, which is formed by the preliminary penetration of the fans of the paired rebels 4, the laying of blast holes in them and the undermining of the latter in turn from the ends of the fans of the paired rebels to its center. In the rock, in front of the temporary lintel 1, two conjugate lateral horizontal blind alleys 5 are made at sharp angles of ± 40-60 ° to the direction of air-blast 7 with a transverse area equal to the cross-sectional area of the main passage and a length of 5 ~ 15 passage widths. From the side of the air-blast approach 7, the corners of the mating surfaces of the protected passage 2 and the dead-end tunnels 5 are rounded. After protection from the air-blast and ensuring the passage of the passage 2, the rock 6 of the jumper 1 is stored in a horizontal dead end tunnel 5.

This device works as follows:

Initially and in advance, in the passage 2 in front of the volume protected by the pedigree jumper, they erect fan paired rebels 4 and lay the hole charges in them. Then, from the direction of the planned approach of air-blast 7, to the place of formation of the bridge, two conjugate lateral horizontal dead-end tunnels 5 are made at sharp angles of ± 40 ~ 60 ° to the direction of the air-blast 7 approach with a transverse area equal to the cross-sectional area of the main passage and 5 ~ 15 in length width. If necessary, the construction of a temporary pedigree bridge is undermined by the hole charges located in the fan revolts 4 in sequence from the ends of the fan of paired rebels to its center. If blast holes are blown up in the twin fan rebellion 4, the rock collapses and completely blocks passage 2, while the temporary rock lintel 1 is ready to extinguish air-blast 7 rated and extra-calculated power. When approaching, the air-blast 7 is partially extinguished on the temporary rock jumper 1, and partly separated and supplied for further blanking into two horizontal dead-end tunnels 5 (to reduce the load on the temporary rock jumper 1). In two horizontal dead-end tunnels 5, air-blast 7 is extinguished both due to absorption of the wave by the walls of tunnel 5 and due to periodic reflection (re-reflection).

After the end of the action of air-blast 7 on the temporary rock jumper 1 and on two horizontal deadlock tunnels 5 (after elimination of possible damage), the rock 6 of the temporary rock jumper 1 is removed into the free volumes of two horizontal deadlock tunnels 5 and thereby ensure the passage of the mine passage 2 to the main protected volume.

The cleaning of the rocks of the temporary jumper 1 is performed in a mechanized manner.

The technical and economic advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the protection efficiency of the protected (protected) volume by the structure (with the help of an explosion) of a temporary rock bridge increases. In addition, reduced energy and time costs (with the subsequent restoration of the full passability of the mine working (passage)) when storing rock lintels in horizontal deadlock tunnels.

It is assumed that the proposed temporary rock jumper (for protection against air-blast of large and extra-large power) single action. But the parameters and characteristics of the protective properties of the device (the proposed invention) are improved and are not inferior to the protective properties of permanent jumpers, for example, of concrete, but at the same time the subsequent complete passability of the mine passage is ensured.

The creation of a temporary protective rock jumper in conjunction with the features of the claims, namely containing a collapsed rock located in the aisle with cuts and completely covering it, which is formed by the preliminary sinking of fans of paired rebels, laying in them of blast holes, and in the rock in front of the temporary rock Two parallel horizontal lateral deadlock tunnels at sharp angles of ± 40 ~ 60 ° to the air-blast direction and a transverse area equal to the cross-sectional area of the main of the passage, and with a length of 5 ~ 15 dimensions of the width of the passage, in addition, from the side of the air-blast approach, the corners of the interfaces of the protected passage and dead-end tunnels are rounded, is new for well-known air defense devices and, therefore, meets the criterion of "novelty."

The set of distinguishing features of the claims is not known at this level of technology and does not follow from well-known devices for protection against air-blast, which proves compliance with the criterion of "inventive step" (this is also evidenced by a patent search and a link to information sources [1] - [10] )

Implementation of the proposed temporary protective rock jumper can be carried out by known and applied methods, technologies and equipment. So the technology of erecting boreholes in the mine workings, laying explosives in them, followed by the undermining of the latter, are known and widely used in mining (mining).

Thus, the constructive implementation of the claimed temporary protective breed of jumper with the specified set of features of the claims does not present any structural, technical and technological difficulties, which implies compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Sources of information

1. RF patent No. 2112143, cl. E 21 F 5/00, 17/00, 05/27/98.

2. Application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2167304, class. E 21 F 5/00, 05.20.2001

3. RF patent No. 2153583, cl. E 21 F 5/00, 07.27.2000

4. RF patent No. 2153075, cl. E 21 F 5/00, July 20, 2000

5. RF patent No. 1268741, cl. E 21 F 5/00, 11/7/86, Bull. No. 41.

6. RF patent №2165026, cl. E 21 F 5/00, April 10, 2001

7. RF patent No. 1513156, cl. E 21 F 11/00, 10/07/1989. Bull. Number 37.

8. Auth. certificate No. 1802157, cl. E 21 F 5/00, 03/15/1993. Bull. No. 10.

9. Gurin A.A., Maly P.S., Savenko S.K. Shock air waves in mine workings. Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. M., Nedra, 1983, p. 163, fig. 8.14.

10. Gurin A.A., Maly P.S., Savenko S.K. Shock air waves in mine workings. Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. M., Nedra, 1983, p. 162, fig. 8.13.

Claims (2)

1. A temporary protective rock jumper containing collapsed rock located in the aisle with cuts and completely covering it, which is formed by the preliminary penetration of fans of paired rebels, the laying of blast holes in them, characterized in that in the rock before the temporary rock jumper there are two paired lateral horizontal dead-end tunnel at acute angles of ± 40 ÷ 60 ° to the direction of the shock air wave (air-blast) with a transverse area equal to the cross-sectional area of the main passage and a length of 5 ÷ 15 size s passage width. 2. A temporary protective rock jumper according to claim 1, characterized in that from the side of the air-blast entrance, the corners of the mating surfaces of the protected passage and deadlock tunnels are rounded.

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