RU2238963C1 - Multipurpose metal and alloy working process lubricant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lubricants.

SUBSTANCE: lubricant suitable for metal forming (dragging, rolling, stamping, etc.) and machining (cutting, drilling, milling, etc.) contains, wt %: vegetable oil 60-70, potassium hydroxide 1-3, triethanolamine 18-22, surfactant OP-10 or OP-7 3-5, multipurpose detergent 2-4, polymethylsiloxane liquid 0.1-1, Catamine AB 0.1-1, oleic acid 1-3, and water - the balance.

EFFECT: enhanced antifriction, antiwear, and detergent properties.

2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to technological lubricants for metal processing and can be used in metallurgy and metalworking production, in particular in the processing of metals by pressure (drawing, rolling, stamping, etc.), as well as in the mechanical processing of metals (cutting, drilling, milling, etc. )

Currently, the problem of creating lubricants for the preparation of aqueous emulsions that work well in various types of processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys has not been fully resolved.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is a lubricant (RF Patent No. 2205208) [1]) having the following component composition, wt.%:

Vegetable oil 60-70

KOH 1-3

Triethanolamine 20-23

OP-10 or OP-7 3-5

Mustard Powder 3-5

Water rest

Despite the good performance properties, this lubricant has disadvantages: increased alkalinity of the emulsion, insufficient washing and antiwear properties, technological difficulties with the introduction of mustard powder, which does not completely eliminate the possibility of microbiological damage to the emulsion.

The basis of the invention is the task of obtaining a lubricant having high antifriction and washing properties both in metal forming processes and during machining, as well as simplification of the lubricant manufacturing technology.

To solve this problem, the following are also included in the lubricant:

- universal detergent based on ethoxylated sodium lauryl sulfate (TU 2383-004-56669436-01);

- liquid polymethylsiloxane PMS-200 (GOST 13032-77);

- tamine AB (alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride) (TU 9392-003-48482528-99);

- oleic acid (GOST 7580-91) in the following ratio of loaded components, wt.%:

Vegetable oil 60-70

Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) 1-3

Triethanolamine 18-22

OP-10 or OP-7 3-5

Universal detergent 2-4

Polymethylsiloxane liquid PMS-200 0.1-1

Catamine AB 0.1-1

Oleic acid 1-3

Water rest

The use of liquid universal detergent in combination with nonionic (OP-7 or OP-10) and cationic (catamine AB) surfactants helps to improve the cleaning and bactericidal properties of technological lubricants in various metalworking processes,

The concentration of catamine AB in the lubricant: 0.1-1%. A concentration below 0.1% does not have a noticeable positive effect, and a concentration above 1% leads to unjustified costs.

The composition of the lubricant includes a universal detergent in an amount of 2-4%. A decrease in the concentration of universal detergent below 2% significantly reduces the washing properties, and an increase of more than 4% increases the foaming ability, which affects the operational properties of the lubricant.

The use of mustard powder as a component that improves the washing and bactericidal properties of the lubricant has a significant drawback - the difficulty of introducing it into the composition of the lubricant. The complex of anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants included in the lubricant can significantly simplify the process of introducing the necessary components into the lubricant and gives the lubricant good detergent and bactericidal properties. Water emulsions well wash away mechanical impurities from the surface of the processed metal, eliminate the likelihood of biodefeat.

The inclusion of oleic acid in the technological lubricant increased antiwear properties and stabilized the pH of the emulsion. The introduction of oleic acid in an amount of less than 2% does not fully improve the antiwear properties of the lubricant, while a lubricant containing more than 4% oleic acid forms acidified emulsions with enhanced corrosion properties, which adversely affects metalworking processes.

The introduction of polymethylsiloxane fluid into the lubricant reduces its foaming ability, which positively affects the operation of technological equipment and improves sanitary and hygienic working conditions, while a concentration of PMS-200 of less than 0.1% does not have a positive effect, and a concentration of more than 1% leads to unjustified consumption of additives.

The proposed lubricant is prepared as follows:

In a cooking tank equipped with a stirrer and heated with a steam (oil) jacket, the calculated amount of oil is loaded and heated with stirring to a temperature of 70-80 ° C, then with a working stirrer, a 40% aqueous solution of KOH and triethanolamine are slowly loaded. Raise the temperature to 130-140 ° C. The resulting reaction mixture is continued to mix at this temperature for 3-4 hours, then allowed to cool to 70-80 ° C and the remaining components are loaded in a certain sequence.

The finished product is a composition of amine salts in the form of a homogeneous fluid mass from light to dark brown in color with the following physicochemical parameters:

Viscosity at 50 ° С, mm ² / s (cSt) (GOST 33) 70-96

Saponification number, mg KOH / g (GOST 21749) 90-130

Mass fraction of water,% (GOST 2477) Not more than 10

Density at 20 ° С, kg / m ³ (GOST 3900) 950-1000

Tests of the properties of the new lubricant were carried out in comparison with the lubricant [1]. For testing, the lubricant compositions are shown in table 1.

In table 1: composition [1] - lubricant according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2205208; compounds 1,2,3,4,5 - the inventive lubricant with a different content of additionally introduced components.

Tests of the obtained compositions were carried out according to well-known methods of GOST 6243. The drawing force was determined, i.e. the force necessary to reduce the cross-sectional area of the workpiece by a given value and most fully characterizes the drawing process. Wire drawing from grade 70 steel from a diameter of 1.8 mm to a diameter of 0.65 mm was carried out in one draw with a relative compression of ε = 13% and a speed of 1.7 m / min.

Before drawing, the wire samples were degreased, and the lubricant was supplied to the deformation zone by a dropper. The drawing force was determined visually on the scale of the device. The arithmetic mean value of three measurements of the drag force was taken as the result. The effectiveness of technological lubrication in the drawing process is determined by the change in the drawing force, i.e. the lower the drag force, the more efficient the process lubricant.

Further lubrication tests were carried out under experimental industrial conditions on a type 15/200 mill during wet drawing of wire made of steel grade 70 from a diameter of 1.8 mm to a diameter of 0.65 mm.

In the process of drawing, specific breakage, specific consumption of dies, and production were recorded.

Specific breakage was determined as the quotient of dividing the total number of wire breaks by the mass of the stretched wire (3 t).

Specific dies consumption is the number of replaced dies divided by the mass of the drawn wire.

The data obtained are presented in table 2.

From the presented data it can be seen that the proposed lubricant for metal processing provides a decrease in drawing force, specific breakage, reduces the consumption of dies. In addition, the process of preparing the lubricant is not difficult, the lubricant does not have a pungent odor, and forms little foam. The use of lubricant improves sanitary and hygienic working conditions. The grease can be successfully used in various types of processing of ferrous, non-ferrous metals and alloys.

Claims (1)

Multifunctional technological lubricant for processing metals and alloys, made from vegetable oil, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine, OP-7 or OP-10, characterized in that it additionally contains a universal detergent, polymethylsiloxane liquid PMS-200, catamine AB and oleic acid with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Vegetable oil 60-70 Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) 1-3 Triethanolamine 18-22 OP-10 or OP-7 3-5 Universal detergent 2-4 Polymethylsiloxane liquid PMS-200 0.1-1 Catamine AB 0.1-1 Oleic acid 1-3 Water Else