JP3517522B2 - Water-based lubricant for cold plastic working of metallic materials - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to cold plastic working (forging, drawing pipe, wire drawing, etc.) of materials made of metals such as steel, titanium and titanium alloys, copper and copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys. The present invention relates to a water-based lubricant for cold plastic working of metal materials (hereinafter, abbreviated as water-based lubricant) used for.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In plastic working of metal materials, for example, cold drawing of steel pipes, friction generated between tools such as dies and plugs and the work material is reduced to prevent galling or seizure. However, in order to facilitate the drawing process, a lubricant that forms a liquid film or a solid film is used.

Among the lubricants of this type, a typical liquid lubricant is a so-called oil-based lubricant containing a mineral oil, an animal or vegetable oil, a synthetic oil or the like as a base oil, which is generally incorporated in a processing apparatus. Lubricating methods are used in which the tool or work material is directly poured from an oil supply device. Oil-based lubricants are often used in the case of relatively low workability, but if the workability is high, increase the viscosity of oil,
Used with the addition of solid lubricants and extreme pressure additives. On the other hand, a typical solid coating is a so-called chemical conversion coating that reacts with the processing material to form a carrier coating that adheres well to the base material.For carbon steel and low alloy steel, a zinc phosphate coating is used. Phosphate film treatment is performed, and stainless steel is subjected to oxalate film treatment to form an iron oxalate-based film. Reactive soap lubrication is usually carried out after these chemical conversion coating treatments. By carrying out such a two-step lubrication treatment, it is possible to improve the carrier properties of the chemical conversion coating and the lubricity of the reactive soap lubricant. It is possible to provide a lubrication method that exhibits extremely high seizure resistance by combining the above. When reactive soap lubrication is performed after chemical conversion coating, the processing material is generally dipped in each processing tank prior to drawing, but since it is a reactive processing, the processing materials are linear. Since there is little unevenness in the adhesion of the lubricant even if there is a portion contacting with, there is adopted a method of collectively processing every several tens of lines.

However, in view of the demands for high speed and high pressure of processing conditions and environmental and energy requirements, a lubricating performance equal to or higher than that of a lubricating method combining chemical conversion coating treatment and reactive soap lubrication treatment is required. In addition, the problems found in the chemical conversion coating, for example, problems related to the working environment (for example, since the acid-based processing liquid is used at a high temperature of 80 to 90 ° C., the mist deteriorates the environment together with the odor of the processing liquid. ), Environmental problems such as waste management problems, cost problems such as process shortening, energy saving, space saving, etc., and film peeling problems after processing (usually,
There is a demand for a lubricant that solves the problems such as alkali degreasing and pickling).

In order to address these problems, in the case of an oil type lubricant, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-1798 discloses "Extreme pressure agents such as chlorinated paraffin and phosphoric acid ester, isobutylene and n-.
A lubricant for cold working in which a metal soap or a solid lubricant is mixed with a lubricating oil containing a butene copolymer and animal or vegetable oils is disclosed. However, even with these high-performance lubricating oils, there is some difficulty in processing performance compared with the lubrication method in which reactive soap treatment after chemical conversion coating treatment is performed, and the extreme pressure agent (= extreme pressure additive) Since a large amount of is used, odor is generated during processing, and there is a concern that chlorine and phosphorus may corrode the material in the softening annealing step after processing.

In the case of water-based lubricants, there are those used as a wet type and those used as a dry film. The water-based lubricant used as a wet type is the same as the above-mentioned oil-based lubricant. It is used by pouring it directly onto a tool or processing material, and the water-based lubricant used as a dry film is a dipping process in which it is immersed in a treatment tank like the above-mentioned chemical conversion film, and then water is evaporated in the drying process to obtain a solid film. It is a thing. In the former case, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-30358, "a hydrogen carbonate (solid matter) as a main component, to which a small amount of a dispersant, a surfactant and a solid lubricant are added, is used for cold or Although a "lubricant for warm working" is disclosed, it has not been widely used as an alternative to the chemical conversion coating treatment. Further, the latter includes "composition for lubricating coating in which a water-soluble polymer or an aqueous emulsion thereof is used as a base material and a solid lubricant and a chemical conversion film-forming agent are mixed therein (JP-A-52-20967)" and " A method of drawing a stainless steel wire by combining a coating containing borax as a main component with lime soap or metal soap (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-147460) "and the like are disclosed.
When a large amount of processing material is immersed at one time and then dried by force to obtain a dry film, uneven adhesion is inevitable due to partial contact of the processing material, resulting in seizure during drawing. The major drawback of non-reactive lubricants, which is that it becomes easy, has not been resolved. Thus, instead of a lubricating system that combines chemical conversion coating treatment such as phosphate treatment or oxalate treatment and reactive soap treatment, processing performance, environment, waste treatment, energy saving, and film peeling ability can be achieved in one step. There is still no lubricant that can achieve the required performance such as.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to meet such a requirement, and it is a lubrication method in which a chemical conversion film treatment such as a phosphate treatment or an oxalate treatment is combined with a reactive soap treatment. Instead of the system, it is water-based, has high lubricity, does not have the environmental problems described above, can be processed in one step, can easily peel off the film, and can process a large amount of processing materials by the dipping method. It is an object of the present invention to provide a water-based lubricant for cold plastic working of metal materials, which does not cause deterioration of seizure due to uneven adhesion.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, a water-soluble inorganic salt as a film-forming substance that adheres well to the base material and introduces a lubricating component to the tool surface is used as the base material, and a solid lubricant as the lubricating component and a lubricating component or a lubricating aid. Water-based lubrication consisting of oil components selected from mineral oils, animal and vegetable fats and oils, and synthetic oils as a substance, surfactants and water, and water-soluble inorganic salts, solid lubricants, and oil components that meet a certain usage ratio It was found that the agent solves the above problems. That is, when the above-mentioned water-based lubricant is used as a lubricant in cold plastic working of metal, a solid lubricant-dispersed inorganic salt film is formed on the metal surface in a drying step after treatment such as immersion. At the same time, the oil component bleeds to the outer peripheral portion of the film to form an oil film. This oil film contributes to the initial lubrication at the time of processing and also compensates for the unevenness of the solid lubricant adhesion at the contact portion between the processing materials, and as a result, the seizure resistance is significantly improved. Further, the lubricating component remaining in the metal material after the plastic working can be usually removed only by the treatment with the alkaline degreasing agent.

The present invention thus comprises (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt,
(B) Solid lubricant (C) Mineral oil, at least one oil component selected from animal and vegetable oils and synthetic oils, (D) Surfactant and (E) Water, comprising a solid lubricant and a water-soluble inorganic salt. Weight ratio (B /
A) is 0.05 / 1 to 2/1, and the weight ratio of the oil component to the total amount of the water-soluble inorganic salt and the solid lubricant (C / (A +
B)) is 0.05 / 1 to 1/1, and a solid lubricant and an oil component are uniformly dispersed and emulsified, respectively, to an aqueous lubricant for cold plastic working of metal.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention is described in detail below. The water-soluble inorganic salt (A) is a body that forms a strong film that is formed by the water-based lubricant of the present invention and that adheres well to the metal substrate, and is generally used as a carrier for cold plastic working of metal materials. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a water-soluble inorganic salt, such as sodium tetraborate (borax), potassium tetraborate, ammonium tetraborate, and other borate salts, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and other sulfate salts, and sodium silicate. Examples thereof include silicates such as potassium silicate, nitrates such as sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, and of these, borax, potassium tetraborate and sodium sulfate are preferable. As the water-soluble inorganic salt, those mentioned above can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

The solid lubricant (B) is uniformly dispersed in the water-based lubricant of the present invention. When the water-based lubricant is applied to the processing material, it adheres and the water vaporizes by heating and drying. It mainly exists in the film formed of a water-soluble inorganic salt, which contributes to the prevention of galling and seizure. The solid lubricant is not particularly limited as long as it is a solid lubricant commonly used in cold plastic working of metal materials, and examples thereof include metal soap, mica, calcium compounds, metal sulfides, nitrides and metal oxides. , Polymer solids, and the like. Metal soap is a salt of fatty acid and metal. As fatty acids, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid,
Examples include stearic acid, behenic acid, hydroxystearic acid, and among these, stearic acid is preferable,
Examples of the metal include calcium, aluminum, magnesium, barium, zinc, lead, lithium and potassium. As such metal soap, calcium stearate is preferable. Examples of the mica include sericite, muscovite, and synthetic mica, examples of the calcium compound include calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, and examples of the metal sulfide include molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, and selenium disulfide. The nitride includes boron nitride and the like, the metal oxide includes titanium oxide, zinc oxide, silica and the like, and the polymer solid includes PTFE, nylon, polyethylene and the like. In addition, graphite, talc, metal, etc. may be mentioned. As these solid lubricants, powdery ones are usually used. Of these, metal soaps such as calcium stearate and mica, which do not contain a substance that interferes with annealing and have excellent lubricity, are preferable. As the solid lubricant, one such as the above may be used alone or 2
A combination of two or more species can be used.

At least one oil component selected from the mineral oil, the animal and vegetable oils and fats and the synthetic oils of (C) is a water-soluble inorganic salt obtained by applying the water-based lubricant of the present invention to a metal material and then drying it. The purpose of this is to form an oil film on the film, and to supplement the lubricity of the portion where the sticking resistance of the solid lubricant is reduced and the seizure resistance is reduced. The oil component used in the present invention preferably has a flash point, a melting point and a viscosity within a specific range. That is, the flash point is preferably 150 to 300 ° C. In cold working of heavy working, the average temperature of the metal material after working is 15
The flash point of the oil component is 1 because it may reach 0 ℃ or higher.
If the temperature is lower than 50 ° C, a large amount of gas may be generated and may catch fire after processing. If the flash point exceeds 300 ° C, the viscosity is generally high and the melting point is high, which is not preferable. The melting point is preferably −20 to 20 ° C. If the melting point exceeds 20 ° C., the emulsifying property and re-emulsifying property of the oil in the water-based lubricant will decrease, and the stability of the treatment liquid tends to decrease. Melting point is −
Oil components below 20 ° C generally tend to lower the flash point. Furthermore, the oil component has a viscosity of 5 to 100 cS at 40 ° C.
It is preferably t. If the viscosity is less than 5 cSt, the flash point is generally low, and after processing, a large amount of gas is generated and there is a risk of ignition, and slippage between solid lubricating particles is reduced, and lubricity tends to be reduced. There is. On the other hand, when the viscosity exceeds 100 cSt, the dispersibility and redispersibility of oil in the water-based lubricant tend to be lowered, and the stability of the water-based lubricant tends to be lowered.

Examples of mineral oils include machine oils, turbine oils, spindle oils and the like, and animal and vegetable oils and oils such as palm oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, castor oil, beef tallow, lard, whale oil, fish oil, and synthetic oils. Examples include ester oils (eg, esters of polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and trimethylolpropane with fatty acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid), silicone oils (eg polydimethylsiloxane, polydiphenylsiloxane, etc.), etc. it can. The oil component used in the present invention is a mineral oil, animal or vegetable oil or synthetic oil as described above, or a combination of two or more kinds thereof, and it is preferable that the above-mentioned flash point, melting point and viscosity range are satisfied as the oil component. . The following effects can be mentioned as secondary effects of the oil component.
That is, when the water-based lubricant of the present invention is applied to a metal material under heating, the water-based lubricant is usually heated by a steam heating tube prior to application, but at this time, the solid lubricant is attached to the heating tube. Are prevented by the presence of the oil component.

The surfactant (D) emulsifies the above oil component uniformly in water in the water-based lubricant of the present invention, and
It is for uniformly dispersing the solid lubricant in water. As the surfactant, any of a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant and a cationic surfactant can be used. The nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl composed of polyethylene glycol and higher fatty acid (for example, having 12 to 18 carbon atoms). Examples thereof include esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters composed of sorbitan, polyethylene glycol (or ethylene oxide) and higher fatty acid (for example, having 12 to 18 carbon atoms). The anionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a fatty acid salt, a sulfuric acid ester salt, a sulfonic acid salt, a phosphoric acid ester salt, and a dithiophosphoric acid ester salt. The amphoteric surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include amino acid-type and betaine-type carboxylates, sulfate ester salts, sulfonate salts, and phosphate ester salts. The cationic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an aliphatic amine salt and a quaternary ammonium salt. These surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(E) Water functions as a dispersion medium for the solid lubricant, as a medium for uniformly emulsifying the oil component with a surfactant, and as a solvent for the water-soluble inorganic salt. The water-based lubricant of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned essential components, may be contained in an ordinary water-based lubricant for cold plastic working of metal, fatty acid, oiliness improver such as higher alcohol, chlorine-based, sulfur-based And the like may contain extreme pressure additives, defoaming agents, preservatives and the like. The water-based lubricant of the present invention,
Further, a colloidal titanium compound may be contained for the purpose of improving lubricity and rust prevention. Examples of the colloidal titanium compound include a cloudy liquid obtained by neutralizing a compound of sulfuric acid and titanium or a compound of phosphoric acid and titanium with sodium hydroxide or the like.

In the water-based lubricant of the present invention, the weight ratio (B / A) of the solid lubricant and the water-soluble inorganic salt is 0.05 / 1.
~ 2/1 is required, 0.1 / 1 ~ 1.5
It is preferably / 1, and more preferably 0.3 / 1 to 1.5 / 1. Specifically, it may be set depending on the shape of the metal material to be plastically processed, processing conditions, processing equipment, and other conditions. If the weight ratio is less than 0.05 / 1, the lubricity of the resulting coating is reduced and galling and seizure occur on the metal material. Further, if the weight ratio exceeds 2/1, the adhesion between the obtained coating and the base material and the hardness of the coating will decrease, so the dry coating formed on the surface of the metal material is scraped off when it is introduced into the tool inlet. And the lubricity is reduced.

The weight ratio (C / (A + B)) of the oil component to the total amount of the water-soluble inorganic salt and the solid lubricant is 0.05.
It is necessary to be 1/1 to 1/1, and 0.1 / 1 to
It is preferably 0.8 / 1. The weight ratio is 0.05
If it is less than / 1, the action of bleeding of the oil component on the surface of the film during drying is reduced, uneven adhesion of the solid lubricant occurs, and seizure resistance is reduced. The main effect of the present water-based lubricant is significantly impaired. If the weight ratio exceeds 1/1, there is no problem in the bleeding property of oil on the surface of the coating, but the resulting coating does not become a hard solid coating, so the amount of lubricant introduced decreases and the lubricity decreases. .

The amount of the surfactant (D) used in the water-based lubricant of the present invention is such that the oil component is uniformly emulsified in water and the solid lubricant is uniformly dispersed in water. There is no particular limitation as long as it is at least the minimum amount that can be achieved, but if it is too large, bubbles are liable to form, and it is not economical. Usually, the concentration is preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight in the water-based lubricant. Solid content in the water-based lubricant of the present invention [A + B
+ C + D + arbitrary solid content (= solid content of optional additives such as the above-mentioned oiliness improver)] The concentration is not particularly limited, but it is about 20 to 45% by weight during preparation, distribution and storage. Is preferable, and 5 to 4 when used.
It is preferably about 5% by weight.

The method for producing the water-based lubricant of the present invention is not particularly limited, and it is sufficient that the produced water-based lubricant satisfies the above-mentioned conditions. Generally, (A) the water-soluble inorganic salt is added to water. After the dissolution, (B) the solid lubricant is uniformly dispersed, and (C) the oil component is uniformly emulsified in water with the surfactant (D). Is preferably dispersed by stirring so that the oil component is uniformly emulsified. At the time of dispersing the solid lubricant, emulsifying the oil component, and final stirring, strong stirring is preferably performed using a homogenizer in order to obtain a uniform and fine emulsification and dispersion liquid. The water-based lubricant of the present invention, depending on the type of metal material, the type of cold plastic working, the degree of working of the metal material,
It can be diluted with water when used. Aqueous lubricants obtained by dilution are also within the scope of the present invention.

The water-based lubricant of the present invention is used for cold plastic working (elongated pipes, expanded pipes, etc.) of materials such as pipes, wires and rods made of metal such as steel, titanium or titanium alloys, copper or copper alloys, aluminum or aluminum alloys. It can be used as a lubricant used in wire drawing, forging, etc.), and can be used particularly as a lubricant used in drawing a steel pipe. Prior to applying the water-based lubricant of the present invention,
Degrease the metal material to be processed (usually using an alkaline degreasing agent), wash with water, pickle (remove oxide scale of the metal material,
In order to obtain good results, it is preferable to perform pretreatment in the order of hydrochloric acid or the like in order to enhance the adhesion of the film) and washing with water. If no oxide scale is attached, pickling → washing with water is not necessary. These pretreatments may be performed by a conventional method.

The water-based lubricant of the present invention is applied to a metal material to be processed by a method such as dipping or pouring. The temperature of the water-based lubricant at the time of application is not particularly limited, but room temperature to 90 ° C is suitable, and the time at the time of immersion is not particularly limited, until the temperature of the metal material becomes equal to the liquid temperature, for example, 5 minutes to 1
About 0 minutes is appropriate. After the coating is drained, the coating film is usually dried at 60 to 150 ° C. in a drying oven or the like to give a dried film. The thickness of the dry film has an optimum value which varies depending on the working form of the metal material, working degree, surface roughness, etc., but is generally 1 to 50 g / m ² , and preferably 5 to 40 g.
It is g / m ² . If the dry film is too thin,
If the tool and the metal material come into close contact with each other and seizure is likely to occur, and if the thickness is too thick, most of the dry film is not drawn into the processed surface and is removed, resulting in a large loss of the water-based lubricant.

The plastic working of the metal material when the water-based lubricant of the present invention is used may be carried out by a commonly used method. When the water-based lubricant of the present invention is used in the plastic working of a metal material, the residual film after the plastic working can be easily peeled off. In the case of forming by plastic working, a method of gradually creating a desired product shape by repeatedly performing lubrication treatment and plastic working is adopted, but at this time the work hardened metal material is used as it is. When it is moved to the next plastic working step, the working load is high and it is difficult to form, so annealing is performed for the purpose of softening the metal material. If the film remains during annealing, carburization of metal materials,
Sulfurization, phosphorus immersion, etc. occur, which may impair the corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of the metal material itself, which is not preferable. Further, when the lubrication process is performed again after the plastic working, if the previous lubricating film remains, the newly formed film is inferior in adhesiveness, which is not preferable. Therefore, the residual film is usually removed after plastic working, but in a lubricating system that combines conventional chemical conversion film treatment and reactive soap treatment, at least alkaline degreasing treatment and pickling (hydrochloric acid pickling or sulfuric acid pickling) are required to remove the residual film. ) Processing was required. On the other hand, when the water-based lubricant of the present invention is used, the residual film can usually be removed only with the alkaline degreasing agent. As such an alkaline degreasing agent, one usually used, for example, one containing sodium phosphate, sodium silicate, a surfactant, etc. may be used, and specifically, for example, Fine Cleaner 4360 manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. is used. be able to.

Although the action of the water-based lubricant of the present invention is not always clear, when the water-based lubricant of the present invention is applied to a metal material and dried by heating to form a dry film, the oil component forms a film as an emulsion. It is understood that the oil component bleeds on the outer peripheral portion and the bleeding oil component covers the lubricity of the portion where the dry film is less attached. That is, by incorporating such a so-called lubricating auxiliary substance as one component of the water-based lubricant and bleeding the outer peripheral portion of the film in the drying step, friction between a tool such as a die, a plug and a punch and a processing material is reduced. It is understood that the image sticking phenomenon is significantly reduced. Further, the reason why the peeling of the residual film after cold plastic working is easy is not always clear, but since the film made of a water-soluble inorganic salt is easily peeled off with an alkaline degreasing agent, the solid lubricant and It is understood that the oil component is also removed together.

[0024]

EXAMPLES The water-based lubricant according to the present invention will be specifically described by the following examples. Examples 1 to 16 Preparation of water-based lubricant, coating and steel pipe drawing test Lubricants having the compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared. Preparation is carried out by dissolving the water-soluble inorganic salt in water, and then adding the liquid in which the oil component is uniformly emulsified with a surfactant to the liquid in which the solid lubricant is uniformly dispersed. It was carried out by uniformly dispersing and stirring so that the oil component was uniformly emulsified. These dispersions and emulsifications were performed using a homogenizer. The raw materials used in the preparation of the water-based lubricant were all reagent grade 1 in the case of water-soluble inorganic salts, calcium stearate was dispersed in water with a solid content of 30%, and PTFE was dispersed in water with a solid content of 60%. Liquid, machine oil has a viscosity of 40 mm at 46 mm ² /
s, palm oil has a viscosity of 28 mm ² / s at 50 ° C.
Of refined palm oil, ester oil has a viscosity of 64 m at 50 ° C.
trimethylolpropane and lauric acid of m ² / s,
A condensed ester of oleic acid with a dimer was used. Further, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether was used as the surfactant, and the addition amount was 1% by weight of the total amount of the lubricant.

Then, the prepared water-based lubricant is applied to a carbon steel pipe or a stainless steel pipe and dried, and the obtained steel pipe having a dry film is subjected to a pull-out test. The state of occurrence of scratches on the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe and after processing The performance of the water-based lubricant was evaluated from the film removal property of the residual film. The drawing material is STKM with an outer diameter of 25.4 mm and a wall thickness of 3.0 mm for carbon steel pipes.
13A material is used, and the outer diameter is 2 for stainless steel pipe.
A SUS304 material having a thickness of 5.0 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm was used.

Prior to the application of the water-based lubricant, these steel pipes were subjected to the following pre-process. Carbon steel pipe (1) ~
The step (4) was sequentially performed, and the stainless steel pipe was sequentially subjected to the steps (1) and (2). (1) Degreasing Alkaline degreasing agent: Fine Cleaner 4360 manufactured by Nippon Parkerizing Co., Ltd., concentration: 20 g /
L, temperature: 60 ° C., soaking time: 10 minutes (2) Washing with water Soaking in tap water at room temperature (3) Pickling Industrial hydrochloric acid, concentration: 17.5% by weight, temperature: room temperature, soaking time: 10 minutes (4 ) Washing with water The application of the immersion water-based lubricant in tap water at room temperature was performed by immersion with the treatment liquid temperature at 50 ° C. Drying after the treatment was performed by placing the treatment material in a tunnel-shaped drying box and using a jet heater with kerosene as a heat source at a temperature of 100 to 120 ° C. for 1 hour.

In the pull-out test, using a chain type 10 ton draw bench, a die made of a cemented carbide tool [Carbide die made by Fuji Die Co., Ltd. (KD type)] and a plug [Carbide plug made by Fuji Die Co., Ltd. ( MB type)] and a drawing speed of 17 m / min. The area reduction rate (= area reduction rate) of STKM13A material is 46% (outer diameter 20 mm after drawing,
The wall thickness was 2 mm) and the surface reduction rate of the SUS304 material was 43% (outer diameter after drawing 20 mm, wall thickness 1.75 mm). Incidentally, the area reduction rate of the sectional area before processing A _0, reduction of area When A ₁ a cross-sectional area after processing (%) = represented by _{(A 0 -A 1) / A} 0 × 100.

The state of occurrence of scratches on the inner surface and outer surface of the tube was visually observed on the molded tube and evaluated according to the following four grades. ⊚: No scratches were found and no unevenness in the finish was observed. ○: No scratches were found, but unevenness in the finish was observed. △: Slight scratches were found. ×: Clearly scratches were found. In the above evaluation, scratches mean scratches on the streaks found on the inner or outer surface of the pipe, and unevenness in the finish means that the glossy parts and plain parts are on the surface after drawing. It means a state where they are mixed and the gloss is different.

The film-removal test of the residual film after processing was carried out using an alkaline degreasing agent (Fine Cleaner 4360 manufactured by Nippon Parkerizing Co., Ltd .; concentration 20 g / L) (temperature 60 ° C.). The following four stages were represented by visual observation of the subsequent tube. ⊚: No film remaining can be confirmed after 5 minutes immersion ○: No film remaining after 10 minutes immersion Δ: Film remaining after 10 minutes immersion ×: Film remaining after 20 minutes immersion The results of the pull-out test are also shown in Table 1.

Comparative Examples 1 to 10 Water-based lubricants were prepared in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 16 except that the compositions shown in Table 2 were used, and tests were conducted in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 16. The results are also shown in Table 2. Outside the scope of the present invention, there are problems that the outer surface and the inner surface of the pipe after the pulling test are scratched, and the alkaline degreasing property of the residual film after processing is present.

Comparative Examples 11 and 12 Steel pipes of the same type as used in Examples 1 to 16 were subjected to chemical conversion treatment and reactive soap lubrication treatment under the conditions shown in Table 2. The obtained lubricated steel pipe was subjected to the same pull-out test as in Examples 1 to 16. The results are also shown in Table 2. Although no scratches or uneven finish were observed, the releasability of the residual film after drawing was poor.

Examples 17 to 19 Preparation, Coating and Forging Test of Aqueous Lubricant Aqueous lubricants were prepared in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 16 except that the compositions shown in Table 3 were used. The carbon steel having a dry film obtained by coating and drying on carbon steel was subjected to a backward drilling test, and the performance of the water-based lubricant was evaluated from the good drilling depth. The material used for the rear punching test is a commercially available carbon steel S45C normalized material (hardness: about Hv180),
The shape of the test piece is 30 mmφ in diameter and the height is 1
It is changed at a pitch of 2 mm from 6 to 40 mm (1
3 levels). The water-based lubricant was applied by dipping at a water-based lubricant temperature of 80 ° C. The coating solution was dried at 90 to 100 ° C. for 1 hour using a hot air circulation type drying furnace.

The rear punching test was carried out by using a 200-ton crank press by punching from above a circular test piece set in a mold and constrained at the outer peripheral portion to obtain a cup-shaped molded product. The bottom margin of the test piece is 10 mm
The immortal point of the press was adjusted so that it was constant, and the surface expansion ratio of the machined part was set higher (deeper hole) depending on the height of the test piece, and the depth of the hole that could be machined without seizure. The performance of the water-based lubricant was evaluated from the above (good drilling depth). Mold: Material SKD11, diameter of test piece insertion part 3
0.4 mm punch: Material SKH53, land diameter 21.21 mm Area reduction ratio: 50% Processing speed: 30 strokes / minute A diagram of the rear drilling test is shown in FIG. The results of the posterior perforation test are also shown in Table 3.

[0034]

[Table 1]

[0035]

[Table 2]

[0036]

[Table 3]

[0037]

When the water-based lubricant of the present invention is used,
In cold plastic working of metallic materials, the lubricity equivalent to that of conventional chemical conversion coating / reactive soap treatment can be achieved in one step, and the problems of working environment, treatment liquid management, waste, etc. can be greatly improved. it can. When cold plastic working of a metal material is carried out using the water-based lubricant of the present invention, removal of the residual film after working is easier than in conversion coating / reactive soap treatment.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an outline of a rear drilling test of carbon steel using an aqueous lubricant.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI C10M 105: 24 C10M 105: 32 105: 32 107: 38 107: 38 125: 22 125: 22 125: 26 125: 26) C10N 10 : 02 C10N 10:02 10:04 10:04 30:00 A 30:00 30:06 30:06 40:24 Z 40:24 50:02 50:02 (72) Inventor Takashi Koyama Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 1-15-1 Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-58-125792 (JP, A) JP-A-59-193994 (JP, A) JP-A-57-80495 (JP, A) JP-A-3-68697 (JP, A) JP-A-4-198395 (JP, A) US Patent 5484541 (US, A) UK Patent Application Publication 2003923 (GB, A) Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 1059361 ( 58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C10M 173/00-173/02 C10M 101/00-111/06 C10M 125/00-125/30 C10M 129/0 0-141/12 C10M 145/00-145/40 C10N 10:02-10:08 C10N 30:00 C10N 30:06 C10N 40:20-40:24 C10N 50:02 B21C 9/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. (A) Sodium tetraborate, borax, tetragonal
At least selected from potassium acid and sodium sulfate
Also one kind of water-soluble inorganic salt, (B) calcium stearate, barium stearate
And soaps of zinc stearate, mica and
And at least one solid lubricant selected from PTFE , (C) at least one oil component selected from mineral oils, animal and vegetable oils and ester oils , and (D) an oil component that is uniformly emulsified in water and has a solid moisture content.
A surfactant for uniformly dispersing the lubricant in water and (E) water, and the weight ratio (B / A) of the solid lubricant and the water-soluble inorganic salt is 0.05 / 1 to 2/1. Yes, the weight ratio of the oil component to the total amount of the water-soluble inorganic salt and the solid lubricant (C
/ (A + B)) is 0.05 / 1 to 1/1, and a solid lubricant and an oil component are uniformly dispersed and emulsified, respectively, and are water-based lubricants for cold plastic working of metal materials. 2. The water-based lubricant for cold plastic working according to claim 1 , wherein the metallic soap is calcium stearate. 3. The weight ratio (C / (A + B)) of the oil component to the total amount of the water-soluble inorganic salt and the solid lubricant is 0.1 / 1 to
The water-based lubricant for cold plastic working according to claim 1 or 2, which is 0.8 / 1.