JP4194069B2 - Lubricating film forming device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention is a material for cold plastic working that is cold-forged by a press (refers to a rod, tube, flat, sintered material made of steel, titanium alloy, copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, etc.) Lubricant film forming method for cold forging with the purpose of imparting excellent lubricity without subjecting the surface of the metal material to chemical conversion, and formation of a lubricant film used to form a dry film of the lubricant It relates to the device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a most basic processing step of general plastic processing lubrication processing, there is a method in which a water-based lubricant is applied to a material for cold plastic processing, followed by predetermined heat drying. It consists of physical grinding (shot blasting, waist blasting) process, degreasing process, water washing process, pickling process, chemical conversion coating process, lubricant coating process, and drying process. Is done. Recently, new cold forging lubrication methods and lubricants have been developed for cold plastic working materials, and water-based lubricants are applied to the plastic working materials without drying, and then dried. Thus, a dry film of the lubricant is formed. This lubricant is also referred to as a one-step lubricant for cold forging, and examples thereof include trade names “FineLube E700, E740 series” manufactured by “Nippon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.”.
[0003]
As a conventional technique, for example, “a lubricant composition comprising a water-soluble polymer or an aqueous emulsion thereof as a base material, and a solid lubricant and a chemical film-forming agent blended” (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-20967), etc. However, there is no product comparable to the chemical conversion film treatment. The invention disclosed in JP-A-10-8085 includes (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt, (B) a solid lubricant, (C) at least one oil component selected from mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils and fats, and synthetic oils, (D) A surfactant and (E) a water-based lubricant for cold plastic working of metal in which a solid lubricant and oil are uniformly dispersed and emulsified, respectively. However, since the lubricant according to the present invention emulsifies the oil component, it is unstable for industrial use and has not yet exhibited high lubricity stably. The invention disclosed in the invention of JP-A-2000-63880 contains (A) a synthetic resin, (B) a water-soluble inorganic salt and water, and the solid content weight ratio (B) / (A) is 0. .25 / 1-9 / 1, which relates to a lubricant composition for plastic working of a metal material, in which a synthetic resin is dissolved or dispersed. However, the lubricant according to the present invention has a synthetic resin as a main component, and has not yet stably exerted sufficient lubricity under severe processing conditions.
[0004]
Recently, the range of application of cold plastic working has been expanded, and a large number of cold plastic working materials are treated with a lubricating coating at once, and a new method for forming a lubricating coating has been developed. It is requested.
[0005]
As a conventional lubricating film forming apparatus, an apparatus that heats a material for cold plastic working before applying a lubricant and facilitates drying after applying the lubricant is generally used. In this lubricating film forming apparatus, first, a lubricant is applied, and then a coated material placed on a conveyor is dried with hot air introduced from a hot air inlet into a casing that wraps the conveyor. The hot air that dries the coating is discharged from the hot air outlet. Further, the method of moving in the horizontal direction includes a method of mechanically vibrating a part or all of the conveying device with ultrasonic waves or the like, and drying with hot air while moving the coated material in one direction.
[0006]
There is a device that, after applying the lubricant, stores the application in a drum (so-called spiral tube) having a conveying screw on the inner peripheral surface, rotates the drum, and stirs and dries the application. The hot air that dries the coating is discharged from the hot air outlet.
[0007]
After applying the lubricant, store the applied material in a cylindrical or square hollow cylinder barrel, and continuously rotate the barrel in a horizontal position while introducing hot air from the outside of the barrel to apply the applied material. There is a device for stirring and drying. However, when this device is used, the coatings are in close contact with each other before drying, so that if the coatings are dried as they are, the coatings adhere to each other or the adhesion of the aqueous lubricant to the coatings is partially uneven. It may become. In that case, a protrusion such as a flat plate or cylinder is formed on the inner wall surface of the barrel container, and the barrel is continuously rotated. The sticking between the objects is eliminated, and the adhesion failure of the water-based lubricant to the coated object is reduced.
[0008]
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-170733, a cold plastic working material is preheated, a lubricant is applied to the surface of the raw material, and cold air having a temperature lower than the temperature of the heated cold plastic working material is cold plasticized. An apparatus for drying a lubricant applied to a processing material is disclosed.
[0009]
The conventional lubricating film forming apparatus described above has the following problems. (1) For those using a conveyor or spiral, if the residence time is increased in order to sufficiently dry the coated material, the distance required for drying (conveyor length, etc.) becomes longer and the installation area increases. I need. Further, since there are many sliding parts, rotating parts (combined rollers), and vibration parts, many troubles due to seizure, wear, etc. have occurred. {Circle around (2)} A device using a conveyor including a vibration system has a problem that if the coated products overlap each other, they are dried as they are and the coated products are easily fixed. It is necessary to devise in advance that the coated objects are independent, which complicates the apparatus and increases the installation area of the apparatus. In addition, if the lubricant is a high-viscosity liquid, the applied products are brought into close contact with each other when the applied products are brought into contact with the lubricant without being separated separately in advance. (3) In the spiral device and the barrel device, the hot air is introduced into the barrel through a large number of holes formed in the wall surface of the barrel container, thereby promoting the drying of the coated material. With the rotation of the barrel and spiral container, the applied material jumps over the protrusions, or is lifted by the protrusions and then freely drops and then the movement of the applied object is fixed. In other words, there is a problem in that the coatings adhere to each other and the adhesion of the water-based lubricant becomes uneven. For this reason, the drying time of the coated products is extended to prevent the coated products from sticking to each other, and the adhesion of the water-based lubricant is forced to be uniform, resulting in a decrease in drying efficiency. In addition, during continuous rotation, the material charging opening of the barrel container is closed with a lid, so that the passage of hot air into the barrel deteriorates and drying efficiency decreases. (4) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-170733 discloses a high-speed lubricating film forming apparatus capable of following the speed of a press by shortening the time for forming a dry film. The lubrication film processing equipment basically adopts a single processing system, including the coating and drying processes, so if you want to greatly improve your production capacity so that it can be supplied to multiple high-speed presses. In addition, it is necessary to make a plurality of processing rows, which causes a problem that the size of the lubricating film processing apparatus increases and the installation area increases. Also, unlike the inline processing method that processes cold plastic working materials one by one, the batch processing method that batch processes a predetermined number of cold plastic working materials together is difficult to handle with the above-mentioned equipment. It was.
[0010]
Furthermore, recently, a high degree of lubricity is required for the lubricant, and the amount of the applied lubricant is 1 g / m.²To 20 g / m², More desirably 5 g / m²To 20 g / m²It has increased further. For this reason, in order to prevent adhesion of the above-mentioned coated products, a higher drying efficiency than ever has been required. In other words, when the predetermined number is processed at a time, the materials for cold plastic working are brought into close contact with each other via the lubricant before drying, so that the coated material at the time of drying can be sufficiently swung. Required.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and is capable of mass processing that can be applied to a plurality of high-speed press machines, and capable of simultaneously processing a large number of materials for cold plastic working at the same time. It is intended to provide a method. In addition, the present invention is used in the method for forming a lubricating coating, and is capable of simultaneously processing a large number of materials for cold plastic working at the same time, has a high production capacity, is small in size, and has poor adhesion between coatings and poor adhesion of an aqueous lubricant. An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating film forming apparatus which is eliminated and has a high drying efficiency.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has heated a plurality of materials for cold plastic working whose surfaces have been cleaned by a predetermined method to a predetermined temperature (A) In contact with a treatment liquid containing a water-based lubricant containing a water-soluble inorganic salt and at least one of (B) wax and molybdenum disulfide, and then separating these materials from the treatment liquid for a predetermined time. Cut, and then dried under predetermined conditions, to 1 to 20 g / m as the amount of adhesion to the material for cold plastic working²By forming the lubricating coating, it was found that a large number of materials for cold plastic working can be simultaneously processed at the same time, and the lubricating coating forming method of the present invention was completed. Moreover, regarding the apparatus used for the lubricating film forming method, it has been found that it is important to blow hot air while rotating the barrel alternately forward and reverse, and the present invention has been completed.
[0013]
A lubricating film forming apparatus according to the present invention stores a material for cold plastic working coated with a water-based lubricant for cold forging in a barrel having protrusions inside, and alternately reverses the rotation of the barrel. However, as the barrel rotates alternately forward and reverse, the cold plastic working material coated with the lubricant is lifted by the protrusion, and on the opposite side of the protrusion. It is characterized in that the lubricant is dried while falling and eliminating the adhesion between the materials for cold plastic working by effectively mixing the materials for cold plastic working.
[0014]
It has been found that this drying means drastically improves the swing of the coated material inside the barrel, and is very effective in preventing adhesion between the coated materials. Especially in the case of water-based lubricants that have been recently developed, the movement of the coating during the drying process is important. Compared with the conventional case where the barrel is rotated only in one direction by rotating the barrel alternately forward and reverse. Thus, the applicability of the lubricant for the cold plastic working material was considerably improved. Further, it has been found that when the treatment is performed by this drying means, the water-based lubricant coating applied to the material for cold plastic working is intimately adhered and the lubricity is further improved. This is thought to be due to the anchor effect caused by the cold plastic working materials coated with the lubricant continuously contacting each other during the drying process. In addition, each rotation speed of the forward rotation and reverse rotation of the barrel is arbitrary, and it may be optimized according to the shape of the material for cold plastic working. As a result of further intensive studies, it has been found that the number of forward and reverse rotations is often less than or equal to 1 rotation, and more preferably from 1/4 rotation to 1/6 rotation. Here, the quarter rotation means that the rotation of the barrel is rotated to an angle of 90 degrees because the rotation is an angle of 360 degrees based on the position of the first barrel. The shape of the barrel may be arbitrary, but in the case of a normal rectangular barrel, the shape of the side plate is changed from a triangle to a decagon. More preferred is a quadrangular to hexagonal shape. A cylindrical barrel is also desirable. Although the capacity | capacitance of a barrel is arbitrary, it is desirable that the total volume of the applied | coated application material will be 3 to 40% of a barrel volume, and it is more desirable to be 5 to 20%. Furthermore, the shape of the side plate does not have to be a geometrically uniform shape, that is, a regular triangle, a regular square, a regular pentagon, or the like, and a trapezoid may be selected as necessary.
[0015]
As a lubricant film forming device,(1) There is a protrusion inside the barrel, and the cold plastic working material coated with lubricant by alternating reversal of barrel rotation is lifted by the protrusion and falls to the opposite side of the protrusion, making the applied products effective Mixed to eliminate adhesion between coatings, or (1) When (2) With a barrel that has an opening, or a lid that opens and closes inside the barrel and that opens and closes when the barrel rotatesIt is preferable to use a system having both of the above.It has been found that the provision of protrusions inside the barrel dramatically improves the mixing of the applied materials by alternating reverse rotation of the barrel rotation. The projections on the barrel vary depending on the shape of the cold plastic working material, but generally one or more projections may be provided inside the barrel. In addition, when the projections are planted with bolts, nuts, screws or the like to provide fine recesses or protrusions, or unevenness, the drying efficiency is further improved. The presence of the opening in the barrel makes it easier for hot air to flow into the barrel during rotation, improving the drying efficiency of the coated product, and preventing the coated products from sticking to each other. There is no limit to the number of openings, and one place may be sufficient. Further, the size of the opening is arbitrary with respect to the circumference of the barrel, but 5% to 30% is favorable and preferable. The temperature of the hot air introduced into the barrel varies depending on the characteristics of the lubricant, but is 50 ° C. to 150 ° C., more preferably 60 ° C. to 120 ° C. It should be noted that a lid may be provided at the opening, and when the opening is directed upward in the vertical direction due to rotation of the barrel, the lid may be opened, and when the cover is rotated by one half, the lid may be closed. . This method has the effect of preventing the coating from jumping out of the opening during the barrel rotation, and it has been found that the drying efficiency is improved because hot air is introduced when the lid is opened. Furthermore, it goes without saying that further effects can be expected by providing a protrusion inside the barrel and providing an opening in the barrel.
[0016]
In addition to the above-described means, the lubricating film forming apparatus according to the present invention removes excess lubricant from the lubricant applying means for applying the lubricant to the material for cold plastic working and the applied lubricant. One of a storage means for storing the material for cold plastic working, a storage means for storing the material for cold plastic working that has been coated with a lubricant and dried, and a material for cold plastic working are provided. Is desirable. The lubricant application means is means for bringing the container containing the material for cold plastic working into contact with the lubricant. Examples of the contact method include an immersion method and a spray method, and the immersion method is desirable. It is desirable to improve the drying efficiency by raising the temperature of the lubricant to a predetermined temperature. For heating the lubricant, a heat source such as a heater or steam may be used directly, but it is desirable to raise the temperature of the lubricant using a hot water bath. If a hot water bath is used, the influence of heating on the lubricant can be minimized. The liquid draining means for removing excess lubricant from the applied lubricant is a period in which the lubricant is brought into contact with the cold plastic working material in the container and then moved to the drying means. , Provided to remove excess lubricant. A ridge is provided under the movement path so that excess lubricant falls on the ridge and returns to the lubricant application means, and excessive consumption of the lubricant can be suppressed. In the container, the material for cold plastic working is put into the barrel of the drying means, but when the container makes a predetermined rotation with respect to the barrel opening portion facing upward in the vertical direction, the coated material is quickly barreled. It is thrown into. The accommodating means for accommodating the cold plastic working material coated with the lubricant and dried has an accommodating box and a drop receiving box. Excess lubricant drops during the process of drying the applied product in the barrel.Therefore, a drip receiving box is placed directly under the barrel container during drying, and a container box is placed under the barrel container after drying. It is burned. If the materials for cold plastic working are put together into the storage box of the storage means at one time, the materials for cold plastic working are automatically fractionated and supplied semi-continuously to the subsequent processing means for each process. The
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in more detail. In the lubricating film forming method of the present invention, it is necessary to clean the surface by at least one method selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing and acid cleaning. Conventionally, as a method of bringing a metal material into contact with a treatment liquid of an aqueous lubricant, there are a method in which the surface is not cleaned and a method in which the surface is cleaned by shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing, acid cleaning, or the like. In this case, when a large number of treatments are assumed, it is essential to clean the surface by one method selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing and acid cleaning. This is because in the case of a large number of processing, since the materials for cold plastic working are stacked in a form close to the so-called close-packed structure, the surface of the material for cold plastic working is not sufficiently cleaned thereafter. This is because the contact of the water-based lubricant is insufficient, the appearance of the formed lubricant film is deteriorated, and finally the lubricity of the lubricant film is lowered. That is, the degree of contact with the lubricant is significantly lower than in the single treatment.
[0018]
The water-based lubricant used in the method for forming a lubricating coating of the present invention contains (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt and (B) one or more of wax and molybdenum disulfide. (A) As the water-soluble inorganic salt, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfate, silicate, borate, molybdate, and tungstate. Examples include sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium silicate, sodium borate (sodium tetraborate), potassium borate (such as potassium tetraborate), ammonium borate (such as ammonium tetraborate), ammonium molybdate, molybdic acid Examples thereof include sodium and sodium tungstate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0019]
(B) Although the structure and type are not specified as the wax, it is preferable to use a synthetic wax. The wax component is added to improve the slipping property of the coating by melting with heat generated during plastic processing. Therefore, it is desirable that the melting point is 70 to 150 ° C., and that it is stable in an aqueous solution and does not lower the coating strength, specifically, for example, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene, so as to exert an effect at the initial stage of processing. Examples thereof include wax and carnauba wax. These may be mixed with other components in the form of water dispersion or water emulsion and contained in the aqueous lubricant for plastic working of the present invention. Also, molybdenum disulfide can be used.
[0020]
In addition to the above, the water-based lubricant used in the present invention may contain various metal salts of fatty acids for the purpose of further improving the lubricity. For example, it is preferable to use a product obtained by reacting a C12-C26 saturated fatty acid with at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, barium, aluminum, magnesium, and lithium. Of these, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, barium stearate, magnesium stearate, and lithium stearate are preferably used. In blending these metal salts with the aqueous lubricant of the present invention, a known surfactant can be used as necessary.
[0021]
In addition, when a surfactant is necessary to disperse the above-mentioned fatty acid metal salt and wax, nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, cationic surfactant Either can be used. Although it does not specifically limit as a nonionic surfactant, For example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene (ethylene and / or propylene) alkylphenyl ether, polyethyleneglycol (or ethylene oxide), and higher fatty acid (for example, C12-18) ), And polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters composed of sorbitan, polyethylene glycol, and higher fatty acids (for example, having 12 to 18 carbon atoms). Although it does not specifically limit as an anionic surfactant, For example, a fatty acid salt, a sulfate ester salt, a sulfonate salt, phosphate ester salt, dithiophosphate ester salt etc. are mentioned. The amphoteric surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include amino acid type and betaine type carboxylate, sulfate ester salt, sulfonate salt, and phosphate ester salt. The cationic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fatty acid amine salts and quaternary ammonium salts. These surfactants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0022]
In the lubricating film forming method of the present invention, the cleaned material for cold plastic working is brought into contact with the aqueous lubricant, drained, and dried, so that the weight attached to the material for cold plastic working is 1 ~ 20g / m²The lubricating film is formed. Next, a large number of materials for cold plastic working are brought into contact with the aqueous lubricant treatment liquid. Conventional methods for contacting cold plastic working materials with water-based lubricants include dipping, flow coating, and spraying methods, but basically the surface is sufficiently covered with water-based lubricant. Good. As a result of intensive studies, a more desirable contact method is an immersion method. The required contact time is 0.5 to 10 minutes. If the contact time is less than 0.5 minutes, the material for cold plastic working is not sufficiently heated, so the material temperature does not rise to the specified temperature, and the drying property during drying is poor. Thus, the lubricity of the formed lubricating coating is reduced. When the contact time exceeds 10 minutes, the effect does not change even if the contact is continued for a longer time, but the problem of decreased productivity arises, and as a result, an inexpensive surface treatment apparatus cannot be developed. The necessary contact temperature is 30 to 70 ° C. When the contact temperature is less than 30 ° C., the cold plastic working material is not sufficiently heated, resulting in poor drying, resulting in a decrease in the lubricity of the formed lubricating coating. Furthermore, a low contact temperature means that the treatment liquid temperature of the aqueous lubricant is low. This will not sufficiently reduce the viscosity of the processing liquid, leading to worsening of the liquid drainage at the time of subsequent liquid breakage, and a predetermined lubricity cannot be ensured. In addition, when the contact temperature exceeds 70 ° C., the heatability of the raw material does not change, while the water-based lubricant may change in quality, and the water of the treatment liquid evaporates significantly. There is a problem that the treatment liquid of the lubricant is skinned and a normal lubricating film is not formed, resulting in a decrease in lubricity and a complicated management of the treatment liquid.
[0023]
Next, these materials are separated from the treatment liquid of the water-based lubricant and are drained. Liquid drainage is particularly important. In the case of a large number of processing, since these materials are separated from the processing liquid in a closely packed state, the lubricant is taken out from the processing liquid more than the amount necessary for forming the target lubricating film. is there. If it is dried as it is, excess lubricant is wasted, and excess lubricant is dried and becomes a foreign substance and adheres to the lubricating film, which lowers the subsequent lubricity or greatly decreases the drying performance. . In addition, these foreign substances contaminate the surroundings of the lubricant film forming apparatus, which is not good for the working environment. The liquid run-out time is important, and 5 to 60 seconds are necessary. If it is less than 5 seconds, the liquid will not be sufficiently drained, and if it exceeds 60 seconds, it will not be effective even if it is left for longer. More desirably, it is 10 seconds to 60 seconds.
[0024]
Next, although it is a drying process, this drying time and drying temperature are very important in performing a large number of processes. That is, it is important to apply hot air of 50 to 150 ° C. for 0.5 to 10 minutes. In the case of a large number of processing, since the material for cold plastic working is generally dried in a closely packed state, the drying does not spread sufficiently and the lubricant accumulated between the materials is dried. This causes a problem that the lubricating film is not sufficiently formed, leading to a reduction in the subsequent lubricity. It has been found that when the drying temperature is less than 50 ° C., it is not sufficiently dried, and when it exceeds 150 ° C., the lubricating coating is altered by heat and the lubricity of the dried coating is lowered. As for the drying time, if it is less than 0.5 minutes, the drying does not spread, and the lubricity of the lubricating film is deteriorated due to insufficient drying. If it exceeds 10 minutes, the lubricating film changes in quality due to prolonged heating. It was found that the lubricity of the dried film was lowered.
[0025]
The adhesion amount of the lubricating film formed on the metal surface is appropriately controlled depending on the degree of subsequent processing, but 1.0 to 20 g / m.²It is. This adhesion amount is 1.0 g / m²If it is less than 1, the lubricity is insufficient. Also, the adhesion amount is 20 g / m²However, there is no problem with lubricity, but due to the large number of processing, the lubrication film becomes thick on the material for cold plastic processing, and the amount of dry film adhering between the materials greatly fluctuates. In addition, poor lubricity such as clogging of the mold is undesirable. The amount of adhesion can be calculated from the weight difference and surface area of the metal material before and after the treatment.
In order to control to be within the above-mentioned adhesion amount range, the solid content weight (concentration) of the water-based lubricant is appropriately adjusted. In practice, a high-concentration lubricant is often diluted and used in the treatment liquid. The water to be diluted is not particularly limited, but deionized water and distilled water are preferable.
[0026]
Next, a lubrication film forming apparatus, which applies a water-based lubricant for cold forging to the surface of the cold plastic working material 1 to be cold forged, with reference to the drawings, and applied lubricant One embodiment of a typical lubricating film forming apparatus of the present invention for forming a dry film of a lubricant on the surface of a material for cold plastic working by drying is described.
<Example> The example regarding the lubricating film formation method of this invention is given with a comparative example, and the effect is demonstrated more concretely.
<Material>
Back hole test piece
The material used for the backward drilling test was a commercially available S45C spheroidizing material, and 250 specimens were processed at a time. The shape of the test piece is 30 mm in diameter, and the height is changed in units of 2 mm from 18 to 40 mm.
<Processing process>
Process A
(1) Degreasing: Commercially available degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.) concentration 20 g / L, temperature 60 ° C., immersion 10 minutes
(2) Water washing: tap water, 60 ° C., immersion for 30 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 60 ° C., immersion for 1 minute
(4) Out of liquid: 30 seconds
(5) Drying: 80 ° C, 3 minutes
Process B
(1) Shot blast: Shot ball φ0.5mm, 5 minutes
(2) Water washing: tap water, 90 ° C., immersion for 90 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 70 ° C., immersion 0.5 minutes
(4) Out of liquid: 60 seconds
(5) Drying: 100 ° C, 5 minutes
Process C
▲ 1 ▼ Sand blast: Kongo sand # 60, 10 minutes
(2) Washing with water: 70 ° C., immersion for 20 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 55 ° C., immersion for 5 minutes
(4) Out of liquid: 40 seconds
(5) Drying: 80 ° C, 10 minutes
Process D
(1) Hot water wash: 60 ° C, 120 seconds
(2) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° C., immersion for 1 minute
(3) Out of liquid: 60 seconds
(4) Drying: 120 ° C, 6 minutes
Process E
(1) Shot blast: Shot ball φ0.5mm, 5 minutes
(2) Washing with water: 70 ° C., immersion for 20 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° C., immersion for 10 seconds
(4) Out of liquid: 60 seconds
(5) Drying: 90 ° C, 4 minutes
Process F
(1) Degreasing: Commercially available degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.) concentration 30 g / L, temperature 55 ° C., immersion 5 minutes
(2) Rinsing: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion for 30 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° C., immersion 0.5 minutes
(4) Out of liquid: 3 seconds
(5) Drying: 100 ° C, 3 minutes
Process G
Shot blast: Shot ball φ1.0mm, 4 minutes
(2) Water washing: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion for 20 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 10 ° C., immersion for 1 minute
(4) Out of liquid: 50 seconds
(5) Drying: 60 ° C, 8 minutes
Process H
(1) Degreasing: Commercially available degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.) Concentration 30 g / L, temperature 55 ° C., immersion 5 minutes
(2) Rinsing: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion for 30 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° C., immersion for 30 seconds
(4) Out of liquid: 30 seconds
(5) Drying: 30 ° C, 5 minutes
Process I
(1) Degreasing: Commercially available degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.) Concentration 30 g / L, temperature 55 ° C., immersion 5 minutes
(2) Rinsing: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion for 30 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° C., immersion for 30 seconds
(4) Out of liquid: 30 seconds
(5) Drying: 200 ° C, 5 minutes
Process J
(1) Degreasing: Commercially available degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.) Concentration 30 g / L, temperature 55 ° C., immersion 5 minutes
(2) Rinsing: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion for 30 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° C., immersion for 30 seconds
(4) Out of liquid: 30 seconds
(5) Drying: 150 ° C, 30 minutes
Process K
(1) Degreasing: Commercially available degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.) Concentration 30 g / L, temperature 55 ° C., immersion 5 minutes
(2) Rinsing: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion for 30 seconds
(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° C., immersion for 30 seconds
(4) Out of liquid: 30 seconds
(5) Drying: 150 ° C., 10 seconds
<Evaluation>
(1) Appearance of lubricating coating of cold plastic working material
A number of lubricating coatings were formed, and the subsequent lubricating coatings were observed with the naked eye to evaluate the coating state.
○ = Lubricated coatings are formed normally one by one. X = Lubrication film is not sufficiently dried, or cold plastic working materials are not separated for each piece, and two or more lumps are formed. Or the foreign material which comes from excessive adhesion amount adheres to the raw material for cold plastic processing, or the quality change of the lubricating film resulting from excessive drying is recognized. Furthermore, since the surface of the cold plastic working material is not clean, the lubricating coating is non-uniform.
(2) Back hole test piece
A pair of cylindrical test materials are sequentially molded by a 200-ton crank press die and punch to produce a cup-shaped molded product. In the molding, 15 mm is left and the reduction in area is 60%. The height in the cup of the test piece having no scratch on the inner surface is defined as a good perforation depth (mm).
The material used for the rear perforation test is a commercially available S45C spheroidized annealed material, the shape of the test piece is 25 mm in diameter, and the height is changed in units of 2 mm from 16 to 44 mm. The die is SKD11, the punch is HAP40, and the machining speed is 30 strokes / minute.
[Example 1]
The treatment was performed in Step A using the following aqueous lubricant 1 (added 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
Water based lubricant 1
(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: potassium borate
(B) Wax: polyethylene wax
Coating weight, g / m²: 15
[Example 2]
The treatment was performed in Step B using an aqueous lubricant 1.
[Example 3]
The water-based lubricant 1 was used, and the treatment was performed in Step C.
[Example 4]
Aqueous lubricant 2 shown below (2% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion)
And processed in step A.
Water based lubricant 2
(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: potassium silicate
(B) Wax: Propylene wax
Coating weight, g / m²: 20
[Example 5]
The following aqueous lubricant 3 (added 1.5% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion) was used and treated in Step B.
Water based lubricant 3
(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: ammonium molybdate
(B) Molybdenum disulfide
Coating weight, g / m²: 5
[Example 6]
The following aqueous lubricant 4 (added 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion) was used and treated in Step C.
Water based lubricant 4
(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: potassium sulfate
(B) Wax: Carnauba wax
Fatty acid metal salt: calcium stearate
Coating weight, g / m²: 6
[Example 7]
Using the following aqueous lubricant 5 (added 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion), the treatment was performed in Step A.
Water based lubricant 5
(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: sodium tetraborate + potassium sulfate (weight ratio = 1: 1)
(B) Wax: Microcrystalline wax + paraffin wax
(Weight ratio = 1: 1)
Coating weight, g / m²: 3
[Comparative Example 1]
The treatment was performed in Step D using an aqueous lubricant 1.
[Comparative Example 2]
The treatment was performed in Step E using an aqueous lubricant 1.
[Comparative Example 3]
The treatment was performed in Step F using an aqueous lubricant 1.
[Comparative Example 4]
The treatment was performed in Step G using an aqueous lubricant 1.
[Comparative Example 5]
The water-based lubricant 1 was used and the treatment was performed in the process H.
[Comparative Example 6]
The treatment was performed in Step I using an aqueous lubricant 1.
[Comparative Example 7]
The water-based lubricant 1 was used and the process J was performed.
[Comparative Example 8]
The water-based lubricant 1 was used for the process K.
[Comparative Example 9]
Using the following aqueous lubricant 6 (1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant added for dispersion), the treatment was performed in Step A.
Aqueous lubricant 6
(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: potassium sulfate
(B) Wax: Paraffin wax
Coating weight, g / m²: 0.5
[Comparative Example 10]
The treatment was performed in Step B using the following aqueous lubricant 7 (added 1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion).
Water based lubricant 7
(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: potassium sulfate
Coating weight, g / m²: 15
[Comparative Example 11]
The following water-based lubricant 8 (1% by weight of a nonionic surfactant added for dispersion) was used and treated in Step C.
Water based lubricant 8
(B) Wax: Carnauba wax
Coating weight, g / m²: 10
[Comparative Example 12]
The following aqueous lubricant 9 (added 2% by weight of a nonionic surfactant for dispersion) was used in Step D.
Water-based lubricant 9
(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: sodium tetraborate
(B) Wax: Carnauba wax
Coating weight, g / m²: 30
[0027]
The results of the above test are shown in FIG. As is clear from FIG. 1, Examples 1 to 7 using the lubricating film forming method of the present invention exhibit excellent lubricity by a simple process and normal lubrication for each material for cold plastic working. It can be seen that a film is formed. Since the surface of Comparative Example 1 was not cleaned, in the case of a large number of treatments, the coating of the aqueous lubricant became uneven and the lubricity was inferior. In Comparative Examples 2 and 4, the surface treatment conditions were poor, and the material for cold plastic working was not sufficiently heated, resulting in poor drying, the appearance of the lubricating coating was deteriorated, and the lubricity was lowered. In Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 8, the drying conditions were poor, the drying was poor, the appearance after the lubrication treatment was deteriorated, and the lubricity was lowered. In Comparative Example 3, the time for running out of the liquid was insufficient, and excess water-based lubricant remained in the material for cold plastic working, resulting in a decrease in lubricity due to adhesion of foreign matter. In Comparative Examples 6 and 7, since the drying conditions were inappropriate, the lubricating coating changed in quality, resulting in a decrease in lubricity. In Comparative Example 9, the lubricity was deteriorated because the amount of the lubricating coating was too low. Since Comparative Example 10 and Comparative Example 11 are not predetermined water-based lubricants, the lubricity is lowered, and Comparative Example 12 is a cold plastic working under a large number of treatments due to excessive lubricant coating amount. Lubricant deteriorated because there was a material in which two or more solidified materials were not separated, and foreign materials were also generated.
[0028]
An embodiment of the lubricating film forming apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. Although the lubricating film forming apparatus of the present invention can cope with various shapes of the cold plastic working material 1, in the present embodiment, the cold plastic working material 1 having a hollow disk shape will be described. The lubricating coating forming apparatus according to the present embodiment is schematically shown in front view in FIG. 2, but basically comprises a drying means 2 for applying a predetermined lubricant to the material 1 for cold plastic working. It is. In one embodiment, the cold plastic working material 1 is supplied from the storage means 6 for storing the cold plastic working material 1 to the lubricant applying means 3, and the liquid running out means after a predetermined time. In FIG. 4, the excess lubricant is removed, the material for cold plastic working 1 is put into the drying means 2, and is stored in the storage means 5 after predetermined drying. In this embodiment, at least one cleaning means selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkaline degreasing, and acid cleaning is not described, but various means that are currently used normally may be used. Accordingly, the cold plastic working material 1 is preliminarily cleaned by shot blasting or the like, and each step of this embodiment will be described in detail in order.
[0029]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the storage means 6 includes four storage boxes (hoppers) for storing the material for cold plastic working 1, so-called drop lids 7 in which the bottom plate of each storage box falls down, and drop lids. Opening and closing arms 8 and 9 connected to each other, an opening and closing air cylinder 10, a support bar 11 for supporting the storage box, and a support base 12. Compressed air is sent to the air cylinder 10 via an air pipe. The opening and closing of the air cylinder 10 is controlled electrically or manually. Here, air drive is used, but hydraulic drive, water pressure drive, and the like are also possible. When the air cylinder 10 moves in one direction, the opening and closing arms 8 and 9 follow, and the bottom plate of the designated storage box opens downward. By changing the direction of air pressure, the opposite movement can be achieved. The number of hoppers is four, but the number of hoppers is arbitrary, and naturally one to ten or more may be provided as necessary. Alternatively, the hopper of the same mechanism may be stacked on the hopper, and a weighing rod may be provided between the hopper and the fractionation may be performed twice or more. This is used when the cold plastic working material 1 is stored in a specified moving box and is stored in a hopper or the like collectively. The cold plastic working material 1 dropped from the hopper passes through an inclined cylinder 13 disposed under the storage box. The cylinder 13 is definitely for introducing the cold plastic working material 1 into the basket of the application means 3. In order to promote the passage of the cold plastic working material 1, vibration may be applied to the tube 13 from the outside as necessary. The tilt of the drop lid 7 and the cylinder 13 of the hopper may be slight, but is preferably 10 degrees to 90 degrees, and more preferably 30 degrees to 90 degrees. The 90-degree inclination means that the dropping lid hangs vertically.
[0030]
The coating means 3 only needs to bring the cold plastic working material 1 into contact with the lubricant. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a container 3 (hereinafter referred to as a basket 3) containing a cold plastic working material 1 is brought into contact with a lubricant. The lubricant tank 15 is composed of a double tank, and the lubricant 14 is placed inside and the heating liquid is placed outside. Water or the like can be used as the outer heating liquid, but it can be heated by the electric heater 16, and the lubricant 14 is heated to a predetermined temperature and maintained at that temperature. The predetermined temperature is 30 ° C. to 70 ° C., more preferably 60 ° C. to 70 ° C. Further, the lubricant tank 15 is provided with a moving mechanism 17, and a plurality of lubricant tanks 15 can be replaced as necessary. The contact time is from 0.5 minutes to 10 minutes, preferably from 4 minutes to 10 minutes. Further, for the purpose of mixing the liquid inside and outside the lubricant tank 15, pump circulation, propeller stirring, ultrasonic vibration, super vibration, and the like can be performed.
[0031]
The basket 3 ascends to the right in FIG. 2, passes over the liquid draining means 4 (dot 4), and puts the cold plastic working material 1 into the drying means 2 (barrel 2). Since excess lubricant drops from the basket 3 discharged from the lubricant tank 15, it is received by the terminal 4. Excess lubricant returns to the lubricant tank 15 along the sloping slope 4. With this method, the amount of lubricant used can be minimized and it is possible to reliably avoid excessive drying of the lubricant. The basket 3 returns to the position before starting the movement after the cold plastic working material 1 is put into the barrel 2. The liquid run-out time is 5 seconds to 60 seconds, preferably 10 seconds to 60 seconds.
[0032]
The basket 3 is attached to the moving body 18 as shown in FIGS. Two axles 19a and 19b are attached to the moving body 18, and two bearings 20 are attached to each axle. The basket 3 is fixed to the axle 19 b and is in a state where it can freely rotate via the bearing 20. A gear 21 is fixed to the axle 19b between the bearings 20 attached to the axle 19b. Two rows of rails 22 are installed in parallel so as to sandwich the bearing 20 of the moving body 18 from above and below, and a chain 23 having connecting portions 23a and 23b is joined to the upper and lower ends of the moving body 18 in the moving direction. . The chain 23 is wound around gears 24 and 25 at the upper and lower ends of the rail 22. As the motor 26 rotates, the chain 23 moves. As the chain 23 moves, the moving body 18 also moves. By reversing the rotation of the motor in the forward and reverse directions, the moving body can be moved above and below the rail. Further, plate-like teeth 27 fixed between the rails 20 are adapted to mesh with the gear 21 of the moving body 18. When the moving body 18 moves and the gear 21 meshes with the plate-like teeth 27, the axle 19b rotates in the clockwise direction, the basket 3 also rotates in the clockwise direction, and is used for cold plastic working stored in the basket 3. The material 1 is discharged from the basket 3 and put into the barrel 2 through the guide 28.
[0033]
As shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, the drying means 2 (barrel 2) has an opening 29, or has an opening 29 and an inner lid 30. Protrusions 31a and 31b are installed inside the barrel 2 as necessary. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the axle 31 connected to the side plate of the barrel 2 is supported by bearings 32 on both sides of the barrel 2. The axle 31 can be rotationally driven by the motor 33. Although only a cylinder is shown as an example of the barrel 2, a square tube or the like may be used, and the barrel 2 is not limited to a cylinder. When the protrusion 31 has irregularities such as finer protrusions 32a (circular), 32b (square), etc., the effect of preventing the cold plastic working material 1 coated with the lubricant from sticking to each other increases. . The barrel 2 is provided with a hole for improving the passage of hot air. The number of the protrusions 31 can be changed according to the material 1 for cold plastic working. The number is preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 2 to 4. The size of the hole is basically arbitrary, but may be any size as long as the cold plastic working material 1 does not pass through, and the size of the hole is determined in relation to the strength of the barrel. The size of the hole is desirably 3 mm to 15 mm, more preferably 6 mm to 8 mm. The shape of the hole is arbitrary, such as a round shape, a square shape, a saddle shape, an oval shape, or a cross shape. Further, the distance between the holes may be determined so that hot air can pass through, but is preferably 0.5 cm to 5 cm, and more preferably 1 cm to 3 cm. The barrel 2 is heated with a suitable heat source 41. In the embodiment of the present invention, a petroleum jet heater is used, but drying means such as a far infrared heater and an electric heater can also be used. The drying time is from 0.5 minutes to 10 minutes, more preferably from 4 minutes to 10 minutes.
[0034]
The cold plastic working material 1 coated with a lubricant and dried can be accommodated in the accommodating means 5. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the storage means 5 includes a storage box 34, a drop box 35, and a tray base 36 on which both are carried. The tray table 36 is moved by the wheels 40 as the gears 38 are rotated by the drive of the motor 37 and the plate teeth 39 attached to the tray table 36 are driven. In the steady state, the drop box 35 on the tray base 36 is disposed directly below the barrel 2. After the cold plastic working material 1 is put into the barrel 2, a slight excess of lubricant that drops from the cold plastic working material 1 is received in the dropping box 35 during the drying process. After drying, the barrel 2 rotates so that the opening 29 is directly below. At this time, the tray base 36 is moved by driving the motor 37, and the storage box 34 is moved directly below the barrel 2. The cold plastic working material 1 coated with the lubricant and dried is stored in the storage box 34. Thereafter, the tray base 36 can be returned to the original position by switching the rotation of the motor 37 from the normal rotation to the reverse rotation.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, when the method for forming a lubricating coating of the present invention is used, a large amount of processing that can be applied to a plurality of high-speed presses is possible. That is, a large number of materials for cold plastic working can be simultaneously processed at once.
[0036]
Further, in the lubricating film forming apparatus of the present invention, the cold plastic working material 1 coated with the lubricant is stored in the barrel 2 having a protrusion inside, and the rotation of the barrel 2 is alternately reversed forward and backward.Lift the cold plastic working material coated with lubricant by the protrusion and drop it on the opposite side of the protrusion.However, since the hot-air drying is performed, the swinging of the coated material inside the barrel is remarkably improved, and adhesion between the coated materials is very effectively prevented. Furthermore, by providing an opening in the barrel 2 or installing an inner lid in the opening, the drying efficiency is greatly improved. Furthermore, by providing the coating means 3, the liquid draining means 4, the storage means 5, and the storage means 6, it becomes possible to process a large number of pieces at once. Such a lubricating film forming apparatus can process a large number of materials for cold plastic working at the same time, and therefore has a high production capacity, is small, and is capable of fixing cold plastic working materials coated with a lubricant. Since poor adhesion of water-based lubricants can be eliminated, the drying efficiency is high and the industrial utility value is very high.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a performance comparison table between examples and comparative examples of the method for forming a lubricating coating of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view showing an outline of a lubricating film forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the lubricating film forming apparatus of the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a front view of liquid draining means of the lubricating film forming apparatus according to the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a front view including a partially broken line of the barrel (drying means) of the same embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a side view including a partially broken line of the barrel.
FIG. 7 is a front view including a partially broken line of the barrel.
FIG. 8 is a side view including a partially broken line of the barrel.
FIG. 9 is a front view of the accommodating means of the embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a side view of the accommodating means.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Cold plastic working material
2 Drying means
3 Lubricant application means
4 Liquid running out means
5 accommodation means
6 Storage means

Claims (8)

Drying means for storing cold plastic working material coated with water-based lubricant for cold forging in a barrel having protrusions inside and blowing hot air to the barrel while rotating the barrel alternately forward and reverse. As the rotation of the barrel alternately reverses forward and reverse, the cold plastic working material coated with lubricant is lifted by the protrusion and falls to the opposite side of the protrusion, and the material for cold plastic working A lubricant film forming apparatus characterized in that the lubricant is dried while the adhesion between the materials for cold plastic working is eliminated by effectively mixing the materials together. Lubricating coating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening is formed in the barrel. The lubricating film forming apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein a lid that opens and closes inside the barrel is attached to the opening, and the lid opens and closes by rotation of the barrel. Lubricating coating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a lubricant applying means The lubricant application means is configured to heat the cold plastic working material to a predetermined temperature by bringing the cold plastic working material into contact with the lubricant heated to the predetermined temperature together with the container. Item 5. The lubricating film forming apparatus according to Item 4 . Liquid drainage means is provided to remove excess lubricant from the applied lubricant, and the liquid drainage means removes excess lubricant while moving the container containing the material for cold plastic working to the drying means. The lubricating film forming apparatus according to claim 4 or 5 , wherein a material for cold plastic working is put into a barrel of the drying means. And a storage means for storing a cold plastic working material having a lubricating coating, the storage means having a storage box and an excess lubricant drop receiving box, wherein the boxes are alternately arranged in the barrel of the drying means. The lubricating film forming apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the lubricating film forming apparatus moves directly below. Storage means for storing the material for cold plastic working, the storage means has one or more fraction storage boxes, the material for cold plastic working divided by the drop lid is The lubricating film forming apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the lubricating film forming apparatus is supplied to a lubricant application unit.

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