WO2003055619A1

WO2003055619A1 - Method and apparatus for forming lubricating film

Info

Publication number: WO2003055619A1
Application number: PCT/JP2002/012671
Authority: WO
Inventors: Akira Kato; Kazuhisa Tsuruta
Original assignee: Nihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2001-12-26
Filing date: 2002-12-03
Publication date: 2003-07-10
Also published as: JP4194069B2; JP2003191038A; AU2002349704A1; TW576766B

Abstract

A method for forming a lubricating film, which comprises cleaning the surface of pieces of a material for cold plastic working by at least one method selected from the group of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing and acid washing, contacting a plurality of the resulting pieces with a lubricant-containing aqueous treating fluid which comprises (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt and (B) one or more or a wax and molybdenum disulfide at 30 to 70˚C for 0.5 to 10 min, taking the pieces out of the treating fluid and subjecting the pieces to the draining of the fluid for 5 to 60 sec, and then applying a hot air having a temperature of 50 to 150˚C to the pieces for 0.5 to 10 min while moving the plurality of them at the same time, to dry the pieces, thereby forming a lubricating film on the surface of the pieces in a deposited amount of 1 to 20 g/m2.

Description

Description Lubricating film forming method and lubricating film forming apparatus [Technical field]

The present invention relates to a material for cold plastic working that is cold forged by a press machine (refers to a bar, a tube, a flat material, a sintered material, and the like made of steel, titanium alloy, copper, copper alloy, aluminum, and aluminum alloy). A method for forming a lubricating film for cold forging to impart excellent lubricity without subjecting the surface of a metallic material to chemical conversion treatment, and a method for forming a lubricating film used to form a dry film of the lubricant It concerns equipment.

(Background technology)

As the most basic processing step of general lubrication for plastic working, there is a method in which a water-based lubricant is applied to a cold plastic working material and then subjected to predetermined heating and drying. It consists of physical grinding (shot blast, waist blast), degreasing, water washing, pickling, chemical conversion treatment, lubricant application, and drying. The material for cold plastic working comes in contact with various processing liquids. Is done. Recently, a new lubrication method and a lubricant for cold working have been developed as a material for cold plastic working, and a water-based lubricant has been applied to the material for plastic working without performing a chemical conversion coating process. It has been practiced to apply and dry to form a dry film of lubricant. This lubricant is also called a one-step lubricant for cold forging, and includes, for example, “Finelube E700, E740 Series” (trade name) manufactured by “Nippon Parkerizing Co., Ltd.”

As a conventional technique, for example, a lubricant composition comprising a water-soluble polymer or an aqueous emulsion thereof as a base material and a solid lubricant and a chemical conversion film-forming agent mixed therein (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-20967) Gazette)], but nothing comparable to the conversion coating treatment has been obtained. Further, the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-85085 discloses at least one of (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt, (B) a solid lubricant, (C) a mineral oil, an animal and vegetable oil and a synthetic oil. Seed oil components, (D) surfactant and (E) The present invention relates to an aqueous lubricant for cold plastic working of metal, in which a solid lubricant composed of water and an oil are uniformly dispersed and emulsified, respectively. However, the lubricant according to the present invention is unstable for industrial use because the oil component is emulsified, and has not yet achieved stable high lubrication. Further, the invention disclosed in the invention of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-63080 contains (A) a synthetic resin, (B) a water-soluble inorganic salt and water, and the solid content weight ratio (B The present invention relates to a lubricant composition for plastic working of a metal material, wherein (A) is 0.251 to 9: 1 and a synthetic resin is dissolved or dispersed. However, the lubricant according to the present invention contains a synthetic resin as a main component, and has not yet sufficiently exhibited sufficient lubricity under severe processing conditions.

Recently, the application range of cold plastic working has expanded, and a large number of lubricating coatings have been performed at once on a large number of cold plastic working materials. Is required.

As a conventional lubricating film forming apparatus, an apparatus that heats a material for cold plastic working before applying a lubricant and facilitates drying after applying the lubricant is generally used. This lubricating film forming apparatus first applies a lubricant and then dries the applied material placed on the conveyor by hot air introduced into a casing surrounding the conveyor from a hot air inlet. The hot air that has dried the coating is discharged from the hot air outlet. The method of moving in the horizontal direction also includes a method of mechanically vibrating a part or the entirety of the transfer device by using ultrasonic waves or the like, and drying the coated object with hot air while moving the coated object in one direction.

There is a device in which after the lubricant is applied, the applied material is stored in a drum (so-called spiral tube) provided with a conveying screw on the inner peripheral surface, and the drum is rotated to agitate and dry the applied material. The hot air that has dried the coating is discharged from the hot air outlet. After applying the lubricant, the applied material is stored in a cylindrical or square hollow cylindrical barrel, and while the barrel is continuously rotated in a horizontal posture, hot air is introduced from around the outside of the barrel to apply the applied material. There is a device to stir and dry. However, when using this device, the coating materials adhere to each other before drying. In this case, the applied materials may adhere to each other, or the adhesion of the water-based lubricant to the applied material may be partially uneven. In this case, a projection such as a flat plate or a cylinder is formed on the inner wall surface of the barrel container to protrude, and the barrel is continuously rotated. This eliminates sticking between the applied materials and reduces poor adhesion of water-based lubricant to the applied materials.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-170733 discloses that a material for cold plastic working is pre-heated, a lubricant is applied to the surface of the material, and the temperature of the heated material for cold plastic working is heated. An apparatus is disclosed in which colder air at a lower temperature is applied to a material for cold working, and the applied lubricant is dried.

The conventional lubricating film forming apparatus described above has the following problems. (1) If a conveyor or spiral is used, if the residence time is long enough to sufficiently dry the coating material, the distance required for drying (the length of the conveyor, etc.) will be long, and a large installation area will be required. And In addition, many sliding parts, rotating parts (combination of rollers), and vibrating parts caused many failures due to seizure and wear. (2) A device that uses a conveyor including a vibration method has a problem that if the applied materials overlap, they are dried as they are, and the applied materials are likely to adhere to each other. It is necessary to devise in advance so that the applied materials are independent from each other, which complicates the equipment and increases the installation area of the equipment. In addition, when the lubricant is a liquid having a high viscosity, if the applied materials are brought into contact with the lubricant without being separated separately in advance, the applied materials adhere to each other. (3) In spiral and barrel devices, hot air is introduced into the barrel through a number of holes formed in the wall of the barrel container, thereby facilitating drying of the applied material. With the rotation of the barrel and the spiral container, the movement of the applied material is fixed, such that the applied material jumps over the protrusions or falls freely after being lifted by the protrusions. The effect of prevention is low, and the problem is that the applied materials adhere to each other and the adhesion of the aqueous lubricant becomes uneven. For this reason, the drying time of the applied material is extended to prevent the applied materials from sticking to each other, and the uniform application of the water-based lubricant is forced, and the drying efficiency is increased. Decrease. In addition, during continuous rotation, the opening for charging the material of the barrel container is closed with a lid, so that the passage of hot air into the barrel is deteriorated and the drying efficiency is reduced.特開 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-170733 discloses a high-speed lubricating film forming apparatus capable of following the speed of a press machine by shortening the time for forming a dry film. The lubricating film processing equipment basically employs a single processing method, including the application and drying processes.If it is necessary to greatly increase the production capacity so that it can supply multiple high-speed presses, However, it is necessary to use a plurality of processing lines, which causes a problem that the size of the lubricating film processing apparatus increases and the installation area increases. Also, unlike the in-line processing method in which the material for cold plastic working is processed one by one, the batch-type processing method in which a predetermined number of materials for cold plastic working are collectively processed at once and the batch processing method was difficult.

Furthermore, recently, a high degree of lubricity has been required for lubricants, and the amount of the applied lubricant is from 1 g Zm ² to 20 g / m, more preferably from 5 g Zm ² to 20 g / m ² . It is increasing further. For this reason, in order to prevent the applied materials from sticking to each other, a higher drying efficiency is required. In other words, in the case of processing a predetermined number at once, the materials for cold plastic working adhere to each other via the lubricant before drying, so that the applied material during drying can be sufficiently moved. Is required.

[Disclosure of the Invention]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has a lubrication system capable of processing a large number of materials for cold plastic working at the same time, capable of mass processing capable of coping with a plurality of high-speed press machines. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for forming a film. Further, the present invention is used in the method of forming a lubricating film, and simultaneously processes a large number of materials for cold plastic working at the same time, has a high production capacity, is small, is small in size, and has poor adhesion between applied materials and poor adhesion of an aqueous lubricant. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lubricating film forming apparatus having high drying efficiency by eliminating the problem.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have heated a plurality of materials for cold plastic working whose surfaces have been cleaned by a predetermined method to a predetermined temperature. (A) A water-soluble inorganic salt and (B) a water-based lubricant containing at least one of wax and molybdenum disulfide are brought into contact with a treatment liquid containing a predetermined time, and then these materials are removed from the treatment liquid. release performs liquid out of a predetermined time, then, dried under matter predetermined conditions, by forming a 1~2 O g / m ² of lubricant film as deposited amount to the cold plastic material for processing, It has been found that a large number of materials for cold plastic working can be simultaneously and collectively processed, and the method of forming a lubricating film of the present invention has been completed. Further, with regard to the apparatus used for the lubricating film forming method, it has been found that it is important to blow hot air while alternately reversing the rotation of the barrel between forward and reverse, and completed the present invention.

The method for forming a lubricating film according to the present invention comprises: a plurality of cold plastic working materials whose surfaces have been cleaned by at least one method selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand plasting, alkali degreasing and acid cleaning; A water-based lubricant containing (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt and (B) at least one of wax and molybdenum disulfide, heated to 70 to 70 ° C. 5 to 10 minutes of indirect contact, then separate these materials from the processing solution and drain for 5 to 60 seconds, then move these materials simultaneously from 50 ° C to 150 ° C. The lubricating film having an adhesion weight of 1 to 2 Og / m ² is formed on the material for cold plastic working by drying by applying hot air of C for 0.5 to 10 minutes.

A lubricating film forming apparatus according to the present invention stores a cold plastic working material coated with a water-based lubricant for cold forging in a barrel, and blows hot air while alternately reversing the rotation of the barrel. And drying means. It was found that this drying means drastically improved the movement of the applied material inside the barrel, and was extremely effective in preventing adhesion between the applied materials. Particularly in the case of recently developed water-based lubricants, the movement of the coating material during the drying process is important.By alternately reversing the rotation of the barrel, it is possible to reduce the amount of rotation compared to the conventional case of rotating the barrel in one direction only. In comparison, the applicability of the lubricant of the material for cold plastic working was considerably improved. In addition, when the treatment is performed by this drying means, the water-based lubrication applied to the material for cold plastic working It was found that the coating of the agent was very firmly adhered and further improved the lubricity. This is thought to be due to the anchor effect caused by the continuous contact of the lubricant-applied materials for cold plastic working in the drying process. The number of rotations of the barrel in the normal rotation and the reverse rotation is arbitrary, and may be optimized according to the shape of the material for cold plastic working. Further intensive studies revealed that the number of rotations in the forward rotation and the reverse rotation is often less than 1 rotation, and more preferably 1/4 to 1/6 rotation. Here, a quarter turn means that the barrel is rotated to 90 degrees, since one rotation results in an angle of 360 degrees with respect to the position of the first barrel. The shape of the barrel may be arbitrary, but if it is a normal square barrel, the shape of the side plate changes from a triangle to a 10-sided. More preferred are tetragons to hexagons. A cylindrical barrel is also desirable. The volume of the barrel is arbitrary, but the total volume of the applied coating material is preferably from 3% to 40%, more preferably from 5% to 20% of the barrel volume. Furthermore, the shape of the side plate does not need to be a geometrically uniform shape, that is, an equilateral triangle, an equilateral rectangle, an equilateral pentagon, etc., and a trapezoid may be selected as necessary.

There are two types of lubricating film forming equipment: (1) a system that has an opening in the barrel or a lid that opens and closes inside the barrel and the lid opens and closes by rotating the barrel; (2) a projection inside the barrel. The lubricated material for cold plastic working is lifted up by the projections and falls to the opposite side of the projections by alternately reversing the rotation of the barrel, effectively mixing the coatings. It is preferable to use a method that eliminates the adhesion between applied materials and a method that combines both ③ and 前記 above. The opening in the barrel makes it easier for hot air to flow into the barrel during rotation, improving the drying efficiency of the applied material and preventing adhesion between the applied materials. There is no limit on the number of openings, and one location may be sufficient. The size of the opening is arbitrary with respect to the circumference of the barrel, but is preferably 5% to 30% because it is good. The temperature of the hot air introduced into the barrel varies depending on the characteristics of the lubricant, but is from 50 ° C to 150 ° C, and from 60 ° C to 120 ° C Is more desirable. In addition, a lid may be provided in the opening, and the lid may be opened when the opening is turned upward in the vertical direction due to the rotation of the barrel, and the lid may be closed when the barrel is rotated by a half turn. . It has been found that this method has the effect of preventing the coating material from jumping out of the opening during the rotation of the barrel, and also improves the drying efficiency since hot air is introduced when the lid is opened. It was also found that the provision of the projections inside the barrel dramatically improved the mixing of the applied materials due to the reversal of the rotation of the barrel. Further, it goes without saying that further effects can be expected by providing an opening in the barrel and providing a projection inside the barrel. The protrusion of the barrel varies depending on the shape of the material for cold plastic working. Generally, one or more protrusions may be provided inside the barrel. In addition, if the projections are provided with bolts, nuts, screws, or the like to provide fine depressions or projections or projections and depressions, drying efficiency is further improved.

In addition to the above-described means, the lubricating film forming apparatus according to the present invention further includes a lubricant applying means for applying a lubricant to the material for cold plastic working, and removing an excessive lubricant from the applied lubricant. Liquid storage means for storing the cold plastic working material, which has been coated with a lubricant and dried, and storage means for storing the cold plastic working material. It is desirable to have. The lubricant application means is a means for bringing the container containing the material for cold plastic working into contact with the lubricant. The contact method includes an immersion method and a spray method, and the immersion method is preferable. It is desirable to raise the liquid temperature of the lubricant to a predetermined temperature to improve the drying efficiency. Heating of the lubricant, heaters, heat sources such as steam may be used directly, it is desirable to raise the temperature of the lubricant using a hot water bath. The use of a hot water bath can minimize the effect of heating on the lubricant. The liquid drainage means for removing the excess lubricant from the applied lubricant is provided after the lubricant is brought into contact with the cold plastic working material in the container and then the container is moved to the drying means. In addition, it is provided to remove excess lubricant. A gutter is provided below the moving path, and excess lubricant drops on the gutter and returns to the lubricant applying means, so that excessive consumption of lubricant can be suppressed. The container is The material for cold plastic processing is charged into the barrel of the drying means, and the applied material is quickly barreled by the predetermined rotation of the container with respect to the barrel opening facing upward in the vertical direction. It is thrown into. The storage means for storing the cold plastic calorie material coated with the lubricant and dried has a storage box and a drop receiving box. Excessive lubricant drops during the process of drying the coating material in the barrel, so a drip tray is placed directly below the barrel container during drying, and a storage box is placed directly below the barrel container after drying. Is placed. If the material for cold plastic working is put into the storage box of the storage means all at once, the material for cold plastic working is automatically fractionated and supplied semi-continuously to the subsequent processing means for each process Is done.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a performance comparison table between an example of the lubricating film forming method of the present invention and a comparative example. FIG. 2 is a front view schematically showing a lubricating film forming apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the lubricating film forming apparatus of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the liquid draining means of the lubricating film forming apparatus of the embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a front view including a partly broken line of the barrel (drying means) of the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a side view including a partly broken line of the barrel.

FIG. 7 is a front view including a partly broken line of the barrel.

FIG. 8 is a side view including a partly broken line of the barrel.

FIG. 9 is a front view of the storage means of the embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a side view of the housing means.

(Best mode for carrying out the invention).

Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in more detail. In the method of forming a lubricating film of the present invention, it is necessary to clean the surface by at least one method selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing and acid cleaning. Conventionally, as a method of bringing a metal material into contact with a treatment liquid of an aqueous lubricant, a method of not cleaning the surface, or a method of cleaning the surface by shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali dewatering, acid cleaning, etc. is there. This time, before many processing In this case, it is essential that the surface be cleaned by one method selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing and acid cleaning. This is because, in the case of multi-piece processing, the surface of the cold plastic working material is sufficiently cleaned because the material for cold plastic working is close to a so-called close-packed structure and stacked in a shape. Otherwise, the contact of the aqueous lubricant thereafter becomes insufficient, the appearance of the formed lubricating film deteriorates, and the lubricity of the lubricating film eventually decreases. In other words, the degree of contact of the lubricant is significantly lower than that of the single treatment.

The aqueous lubricant used in the lubricating coating forming method of the present invention contains (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt and (B) one or more of wax and molybdenum disulfide. (A) As the water-soluble inorganic salt, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfates, silicates, borates, molybdates, and tungstates. Examples include sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium silicate, sodium borate (sodium tetraborate), potassium borate (such as potassium tetraborate), ammonium borate (such as ammonium tetraborate), ammonium molybdate, Examples include sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(B) As the wax, the structure and type are not specified, but it is preferable to use synthetic wax. The wax component is melted by the heat generated during plastic working and added to improve the slipperiness of the coating. Therefore, it is desirable that the melting point is 70 to 150 ° C and that it is stable in an aqueous solution and does not decrease the film strength so that the effect is exerted at the initial stage of processing. Wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, carnauba wax and the like. These are preferably mixed with other components in the form of a water-dispersion / water emulsion to be contained in the plastic working aqueous lubricant of the present invention. Molybdenum disulfide can also be used.

The water-based lubricant used in the present invention also includes various metal salts of fatty acids. May be contained for the purpose of further improving the properties. For example, one obtained by reacting a C12-C26 saturated fatty acid with at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, barium, aluminum, magnesium, and lithium can be used. preferable. Among them, it is preferable to use calcium stearate, zinc stearate, barium stearate, magnesium stearate, and lithium stearate. In mixing these metal salts with the aqueous lubricant of the present invention, known surfactants can be used as necessary. When a surfactant is required to disperse the metal salt of fatty acid or the above-mentioned fatty acid, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a cationic surfactant Any of the agents can be used. Examples of the nonionic surfactant include, but are not particularly limited to, for example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene (ethylene and / or propylene) phenol phenyl ether, polyethylene glycol (or ethylene oxide) and higher fatty acids (eg, A polyoxyethylene alkyl ester composed of 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and a polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl ester composed of sorbitan, polyethylene glycol and higher fatty acids (for example, 12 to 18 carbon atoms). And the like. The anionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include fatty acid salts, sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, dithiophosphates, and the like. Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include, but are not particularly limited to, amino acid-type and betaine-type carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, and the like. The cationic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a fatty acid amine salt and a quaternary ammonium salt. These surfactants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The method for forming a lubricating film of the present invention includes: contacting the cleaned material for cold plastic working with the water-based lubricant, draining the liquid, and drying the material; A lubricating film of up to 20 g Zm ² is formed. Next, a cold plastic working element was added to the aqueous lubricant processing solution. Many materials are brought into contact. Conventional methods for contacting a cold plastic working material with an aqueous lubricant include the dipping method, flow coating method, and spray method, but basically, the surface is sufficiently covered with the aqueous lubricant. I just need. After intensive studies, a more desirable contact method is the immersion method. The required contact time is between 0.5 and 10 minutes. If the contact time is less than 0.5 minutes, the material for cold plastic solid processing is not sufficiently heated, so that the material temperature does not rise to the predetermined temperature and the drying property during drying is poor. Insufficient drying results in reduced lubricity of the formed lubricating film. If the contact time exceeds 10 minutes, the effect will not change even if the contact time is longer than that, but there will be a problem that productivity will decrease, and it is not possible to develop a cheap surface treatment device. The required contact temperature is 30 ° C to 70 ° C. If the contact temperature is lower than 30 ° C, poor drying occurs due to insufficient heating of the material for cold plastic working, and the lubricating properties of the resulting lubricating film are reduced. Furthermore, a low contact temperature means that the temperature of the processing solution of the aqueous lubricant is low. This means that the viscosity of the processing liquid does not become sufficiently low, which leads to deterioration of the liquid-removing property when the liquid is subsequently discharged, and the predetermined lubricity cannot be secured. When the contact temperature exceeds 70 ° C, the heating property of the material does not change, but the quality of the water-based lubricant may change, and the evaporation of water of the processing liquid becomes remarkable. However, there is a problem that the treatment liquid of the water-based lubricant becomes skinned, a normal lubricating film is not formed, and the lubricity is reduced and the management of the treatment liquid is complicated.

These materials are then separated from the aqueous lubricant treatment liquid and drained. Drainage is particularly important. In the case of multi-piece processing, since these materials are separated from the processing liquid in a state of being densely filled, the lubricant is taken out of the processing liquid in an amount larger than required for forming a target lubricating film. is there. If it is dried as it is, excess lubricant is wasted, and the excess lubricant dries and adheres to the lubricating film as foreign matter, which lowers the lubricity thereafter and greatly reduces the drying property. Or In addition, such foreign matters contaminate the surroundings of the lubricating film forming apparatus, which is not good for the working environment. Fluid drain time is important, 5 to 60 seconds Is necessary. If the time is less than 5 seconds, the liquid will not be sufficiently drained. If the time exceeds 60 seconds, the effect will not be improved even if the liquid is left for a longer time. More preferably, it is 10 seconds to 60 seconds.

Next, in the drying step, the drying time and the drying temperature are very important in performing the multi-piece processing. In other words, it is important to blow warm air at 50 ° C to 150 ° C for 0.5 to 10 minutes. In the case of multi-piece processing, since the material for cold plastic working is generally dried in a densely packed state, the drying does not spread sufficiently and the lubricant accumulated between the materials is dried. This causes inconvenience that a lubricating film is not sufficiently formed due to the occurrence of a defect, which leads to a decrease in lubricating properties thereafter. It was found that when the drying temperature was less than 50 ° C, the lubricating film was not sufficiently dried. When the drying temperature was more than 15 ° C, the lubricating film deteriorated due to heat, and the lubricity of the dried film was reduced. Regarding the drying time, if the drying time is less than 0.5 minutes, the drying will not be widespread and the lubricity of the lubricating film will decrease due to insufficient drying.If it exceeds 10 minutes, the lubricating film will be heated by prolonged heating. Deteriorated, and the lubricity of the dried film decreased.

The amount of the lubricating film formed on the metal surface is appropriately controlled depending on the degree of subsequent processing, but is 1.0 to 20 g / m ² . If the amount is less than 1.0 g Zm ^2, lubricity will be insufficient. If the amount of adhesion exceeds 20 g Zm ² , there is no problem with lubrication, but due to the large number of treatments, the lubricating film is thickened on the material for cold plastic working and the adhesion of the dry film between the materials A large variation occurs in the amount, and as a result, poor lubricity such as clogging of the mold with the die is not preferable. The amount of adhesion can be calculated from the weight difference and the surface area of the metal material before and after the treatment.

The solid weight (concentration) of the aqueous lubricant is appropriately adjusted in order to control the amount to be in the above-mentioned range. In practice, high-concentration lubricants are often diluted and used in their processing solutions. The water to be diluted is not particularly limited, but is preferably deionized water or distilled water.

Next is the lubricating film forming device, which is cold forged while referring to the drawings. Apply a water-based lubricant for cold forging to the surface of the material for cold plastic working 1 and dry the applied lubricant to form a dry film of lubricant on the surface of the material for cold plastic working. An embodiment of a typical lubricating film forming apparatus according to the present invention will be described.

<Examples> Examples of the method for forming a lubricating film of the present invention will be described together with comparative examples, and the effects thereof will be described more specifically.

Posterior drilling test specimen

The material subjected to the posterior drilling test was a commercially available S 45 C spheroidized annealed material, which was processed at 250 pieces at a time. The shape of the test piece was 30 mm in diameter and the height was changed from 18 to 4 Omm in 2 mm units.

Processing step>

Process A

(1) Degreasing: Commercial degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nippon Pasco Rising Co., Ltd.) Concentration 20 g / L, temperature 60 ° C, soaking for 10 minutes

②Washing: tap water, 60 ° C, immersion 30 seconds

③ Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 60 ° C, immersion for 1 minute

切れ Out of liquid: 30 seconds

⑤Drying: 80 ° C, 3 minutes

Process B

① Shot blast: Shot ball φ 0.5 mm, 5 minutes

② Rinse: tap water, 90 ° C, immersion 90 seconds

(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 70 ° C, immersion 0.5 minute

④ Out of liquid: 60 seconds

⑤Drying: 100 ° C, 5 minutes

Process C

①Sand blast: Kongo sand # 60, 10 minutes

②Washing: 70 ° C, immersion 20 seconds ③ Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 55 ° C, immersion for 5 minutes

切れ Out of liquid: 40 seconds

⑤Drying: 80 ° C, 10 minutes

Process D

①Washing: 60 ° C, 120 seconds

②Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50, immersion for 1 minute

③ Out of liquid: 60 seconds

④Drying: 120 ° C, 6 minutes

Process E

① Shot blast: Shot sphere 0.5 mm, 5 minutes

②Washing: 70 ° C, immersion 20 seconds

(3) Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° C, immersion for 10 seconds

④ Out of liquid: 60 seconds

⑤Drying: 90 ° C, 4 minutes

Process F

(1) Degreasing: Commercial degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nippon Pasco Rising Co., Ltd.) Concentration 30 gZL, temperature 55 ° C, soaking for 5 minutes

② Rinse: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion 30 seconds

③Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° J, immersion 0.5 minute

切れ Out of liquid: 3 seconds

⑤Drying: 100 ° C, 3 minutes

Process G

(1) Shot blast: Shot ball φ 1.0 mm, 4 minutes

② Rinse: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion 20 seconds

③Surface treatment: Treatment agent of the present invention, immersed in 10 for 1 minute

切れ Out of liquid: 50 seconds

⑤Drying: 60 ° C, 8 minutes

Process H (1) Degreasing: Commercial degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nippon Pasco Rising Co., Ltd.) Concentration 30 g / L, temperature 55 ° C, soaking for 5 minutes

② Rinse: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion 30 seconds

③ Surface treatment: treatment agent of the present invention, 50 ° C, immersion 30 seconds

切れ Out of liquid: 30 seconds

⑤Drying: 30 ° C, 5 minutes

Process I

① ^ Fat: Commercial degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nippon Pasco Rising Co., Ltd.) Concentration S O gZL Temperature 55 ° C, immersion 5 minutes ②Washing: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion 30 seconds

切れ Out of liquid: 30 seconds

⑤Drying: 200 ° C, 5 minutes

Process J

(1) Degreasing: Commercial degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nippon Pasco Rising Co., Ltd.) Concentration 30 g / L, temperature 55 ° C, soaking for 5 minutes

② Rinse: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion 30 seconds

切れ Out of liquid: 30 seconds

⑤Drying: 150 ° C, 30 minutes

Process

(1) Degreasing: Commercial degreasing agent (registered trademark Fine Cleaner 4360, manufactured by Nippon Pasco Rising Co., Ltd.) concentration 30 g / L, temperature 55 ° C, immersion 5 minutes

② Rinse: tap water, 70 ° C, immersion 30 seconds

切れ Out of liquid: 30 seconds

⑤Drying: 150 ° C, 10 seconds

<Evaluation> (1) Appearance of lubricating coating of cold plastic working material

A lubricating film forming process was performed on a large number of the lubricating films, and the lubricating film thereafter was visually observed to evaluate the state of the film.

〇 = The lubricating film is formed normally one by one. χ = Insufficient drying of the lubricating coating, or the material for cold plastic working did not separate for each piece, resulting in two or more pieces. Alternatively, foreign substances resulting from excessive amounts of adhesion adhere to the material for cold plastic working, and deterioration of the lubricating film resulting from excessive drying is observed. In addition, the surface of the cold plastic material is not clean, so the lubricating film is not uniform.

② Back drilling test piece

A set of cylindrical test materials is formed sequentially using a 200 ton crank press die and punch to produce a cup-shaped molded product. In molding, the area reduction is 60, leaving 15 mm. / ₀ processing. The height inside the cup of a test piece with no scratches on the inner surface shall be a good drilling depth (mm).

The material used for the posterior drilling test was a commercially available S45C spheroidized annealed material. is there. The die is SKD11, the punch is HAP40, and the processing speed is 30 strokes / min.

[Example 1]

The treatment was carried out in step A using the following aqueous lubricant 1 (addition of 1% by weight of nonionic surfactant for dispersion D).

Water-based lubricant 1

(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: Potassium borate

(B) Wax: polyethylene wax

Coating weight, g Zm ² : 15

[Example 2]

Treatment was performed in step B using water-based lubricant 1.

[Embodiment 3]

Treatment was performed in step C using water-based lubricant 1. [Example 4]

The process was carried out in step A using the following aqueous lubricant 2 (for the purpose of dispersing, 2% by weight of Noon-based surfactant 14).

Water-based lubricant 2

(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: potassium silicate

(B) Wax: propylene wax

Coating weight, gZm ² : 20

[Example 5]

Treatment was carried out in step B using the following aqueous lubricant 3 (adding 1.5% by weight of nonionic surfactant ft agent for dispersion).

Water-based lubricant 3

(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: ammonium molybdate

(B) Molybdenum disulfide

Coating weight, gZm ² : 5

[Example 6]

Using the following aqueous lubricant 4 (1% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion), treatment was carried out in step C.

Water-based lubricant 4

(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: potassium sulfate

(B) Wax: Carnauba wax

Metal salts of fatty acids: calcium stearate

Coating weight, g / m ² : 6

[Example 7]

The treatment was carried out in step A using the following aqueous lubricant 5 (1% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion).

Water-based lubricant 5

(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: sodium 4-borate + potassium sulfate (weight ratio = 1: 1) (B) Wax: microcrystalline wax + paraffin wax (weight ratio = 1: 1)

Coating weight, g Zm ² : 3

[Comparative Example 1]

Treatment was performed in step D using water-based lubricant 1.

[Comparative Example 2]

The treatment was performed in step E using water-based lubricant 1.

[Comparative Example 3]

The treatment was performed in step F using water-based lubricant 1.

[Comparative Example 4]

The treatment was performed in step G using water-based lubricant 1.

[Comparative Example 5]

Water-based lubricant 1 was used.

[Comparative Example 6]

Treatment was performed in step I using water-based lubricant 1.

[Comparative Example 7]

Treatment was performed in step J using water-based lubricant 1.

[Comparative Example 8]

Treatment was performed in process K using water-based lubricant 1.

[Comparative Example 9]

The treatment was carried out in step A using the following aqueous lubricant 6 (1% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion).

Water-based lubricant 6

(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: potassium sulfate

(B) Wax: paraffin wax

Coating weight, g / m ² : 0.5

[Comparative Example 10]

Nonionic surfactant 1 weight ° / ₀ added to an aqueous lubricant 7 (dispersing shown below Was treated in Step B using caro).

Water-based lubricant 7

(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: potassium sulfate

Coating weight, g Zm ^2: 1 5

[Comparative Example 11]

Using the following aqueous lubricant 8 (1% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion), treatment was carried out in step C.

Water-based lubricant 8

(B) Wax: Carnauba wax

Coating weight, g / m ^2: 1 0

[Comparative Example 1 2]

It processed in process D using the following water-based lubricant 9 (2% by weight of nonionic surfactant added for dispersion).

Water-based lubricant 9

(A) Water-soluble inorganic salt: sodium 4-borate

(B) Wax: Carnauba wax

Coating weight, g / m ² : 30

Figure 1 shows the results of the above test. As is clear from FIG. 1, Examples 1 to 1 using the method for forming a lubricating film of the present invention exert excellent lubricity by a simple process, and have a normal lubricity for each cold plastic working material. It can be seen that a lubricating film has been formed. In Comparative Example 1, since the surface was not cleaned, in the case of treating a large number of pieces, the coating of the water-based lubricant became uneven and the lubricity was poor. In Comparative Examples 2 and 4, poor surface treatment conditions and insufficient heating of the material for cold plastic working resulted in poor drying, poor lubricating film appearance, and poor lubricity. . In Comparative Examples 5 and 8, the drying conditions were poor, the drying was poor, the appearance after the lubrication treatment was deteriorated, and the lubricity was reduced. In Comparative Example 3, since the liquid drainage time was insufficient, and excess water-based lubricant remained in the material for cold plastic working, the lubricity was reduced due to the adhesion of foreign matter. Comparative Examples 6 and 7 were dried Improper conditions resulted in a change in the quality of the lubricating coating, resulting in reduced lubricity. In Comparative Example 9, since the amount of the lubricating film was too low, the lubricity deteriorated. Comparative Example 10 and Comparative Example 11 had poor lubricity because they were not the prescribed water-based lubricants. Lubricity was reduced due to the fact that the materials for inter-plastic working did not separate from each other, and there were two or more solidified materials.

An embodiment of a lubricating film forming apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. The lubricating film forming apparatus of the present invention can handle various shapes of the cold plastic working material 1. In the present embodiment, the hollow plastic disk-shaped cold plastic working material 1 will be described. FIG. 2 schematically shows a front view of the lubricating coating forming apparatus according to the present embodiment, which comprises a drying means 2 for applying a predetermined lubricant to a material 1 for cold plastic working. Basic. In addition, as one of the embodiments, the storage means 6 for storing the material 1 for cold plastic working, the material 1 for cold plastic working is supplied to the lubricant applying means 3, and after a predetermined time, In some cases, the excess lubricant is removed in the liquid draining means 4, the material for cold plastic working 1 is put in the drying means 2, and stored in the storage means 5 after predetermined drying. In this embodiment, at least one type of cleaning means selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing and acid cleaning is not described, but various types of means currently used may be used. . Therefore, the steps of this embodiment will be described in detail in order, assuming that the cold plastic working material 1 has been cleaned beforehand by shot blasting or the like.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the storage means 6 includes four storage boxes (hoppers) for storing the material 1 for cold plastic working and a so-called dropping lid 7 in which the bottom plate of each storage box falls. It comprises opening / closing arms 8 and 9 connected to the drop lid, an opening / closing air cylinder 10, a support rod 11 for supporting the storage box, and a support base 12. Compressed air is sent to the air cylinder 10 via an air pipe. The opening and closing of the air cylinder 10 is controlled electrically or manually. Here, air drive is used, but hydraulic drive, hydraulic drive, etc. are also possible. is there. When the air cylinder 10 moves in the minus direction, the opening and closing arms 8 and 9 follow, and the bottom plate of the designated storage box opens downward. The opposite movement can be achieved by changing the direction of the air pressure. The hopper has four fractions, but the number of hoppers is arbitrary, and if necessary, one to ten or more hoppers may be provided. It is also possible to stack the hoppers of the same mechanism on the hopper, install a measuring cell between the hoppers, and perform the fractionation twice or more. This is used when the material 1 for cold plastic working is stored in a specified moving box and it is desired to store it in a hopper or the like. The material 1 for cold plastic working that has fallen from the hopper passes through the inclined cylinder 13 disposed below the storage box. The cylinder 13 is for introducing the material 1 for cold plastic working into the basket of the application means 3 without doubt. Vibration may be applied to the cylinder 13 from the outside as necessary to promote the passage of the material 1 for cold plastic working. Although the inclination of the dropper 7 and the cylinder 13 of the hopper is slight, it is preferably in the range of 10 to 90 degrees, more preferably 30 to 90 degrees. The 90-degree slope means that the drop lid hangs vertically.

The coating means 3 only needs to bring the raw material for cold plastic working 1 into contact with a lubricant. In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a container 3 (hereinafter, basket 3) containing a cold plastic working material 1 is brought into contact with a lubricant. The lubricant tank 15 is composed of a double tank, in which the lubricant 14 enters the inside and the heating liquid enters the outside. The outer heating liquid can be water or the like, but can be heated by the electric heater 16, and the lubricant 14 is heated to a predetermined temperature and maintained at that temperature. The predetermined temperature is from 3 ^OeC to 70 ° C, more preferably from 60 ° C to 70 ° C. Further, the lubricant tank 15 is provided with a moving mechanism 17 so that a plurality of lubricant tanks 15 can be replaced if necessary. The contact time is between 0.5 and 10 minutes, but preferably between 4 and 10 minutes. In addition, pump circulation, propeller agitation, ultrasonic vibration, super vibration, and the like can be performed for the purpose of mixing the liquid inside and outside the lubricant tank 15.

The basket 3 rises obliquely upward to the right in FIG. 4) Pass over the sky above and throw the cold plastic working material 1 into the drying means 2 (barrel 2). Excess lubricant is dropped from the basket 3 that has left the lubricant tank 15 and is received by the basket 4. Excess lubricant returns to the lubricant reservoir 15 along the side slope of the tongue 4. This method minimizes the amount of lubricant used and ensures that excess lubricant does not dry out. The basket 3 returns to the position before the start of the movement after charging the material 1 for cold plastic working into the barrel 2. The drainage time is 5 to 60 seconds, preferably 10 to 60 seconds.

The basket 3 is mounted on the moving body 18 as shown in FIGS. The moving body 18 is equipped with two axles 19a and 19b, and each axle is equipped with two bearings 20. The basket 3 is fixed to the axle 19b and is freely rotatable via the bearing 20. The gear 21 is fixed to the axle 19b between the bearings 20 mounted on the axle 19b. Rails 22 are installed in two rows in parallel so as to sandwich the bearing 20 of the moving body 18 from above and below, and the connecting parts 2 3 a, 2 3 Chain 23 with b is joined. The chain 23 is wound around gears 24 and 25 at the upper and lower ends of the rail 22. The chain 23 moves as the motor 26 rotates. As the chain 23 moves, the moving body 18 also moves. By reversing the rotation of the motor, the moving body can be moved above and below the rail. Further, plate-like teeth 27 fixed between the rails 20 mesh with the gears 21 of the moving body 18. When the moving body 18 moves and the gear 21 meshes with the plate-like teeth 27, the axle 19b rotates clockwise, and the basket 3 also rotates clockwise and is stored in the basket 3. The raw material 1 for cold plastic working is discharged from the basket 3 and put into the barrel 2 via the guide 28.

The drying means 2 (barrel 2) has an opening 29 as shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, or has an opening 29 and an inner lid 30. Projections 3 la and 3 1 b are provided inside the barrel 2 as required. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, barrel 2 The axle 31 connected to the side plate is supported by bearings 32 on both sides of the barrel 2. The axle 31 can be rotationally driven by the motor 33. Although only a cylinder is shown as an example of the barrel 2, a square tube or the like may be used, and the invention is not limited to a cylinder. If the projections 31 have irregularities such as finer projections 3 2a (circular) and 32 b (square), the lubricated cold plastic working materials 1 will adhere to each other. The effect of prevention increases. Further, the barrel 2 is provided with a hole for improving the passage of hot air. The number of protrusions 31 can be changed according to the material 1 for cold plastic working. Preferably it is one to six, more preferably two to four. The size of the hole is basically arbitrary, but it is sufficient if the hole does not allow the material 1 for cold plastic working to pass through, and the size of the hole is determined in relation to the strength of the barrel. The size of the holes is preferably from 3 mm to 15 mm, more preferably from 6 mm to 8 mm. The shape of the hole is arbitrary, such as round, square, hook, oval, and cross. The distance between the holes may be determined by the passage of hot air, but is preferably 0.5 cm to 5 cm, more preferably 1 cm to 3 cm. Heat 2 is heated with a suitable heat source 41. In the embodiment of the present invention, an oil jet heater is used, but a drying unit such as a far infrared heater or an electric heater may be used. The drying time is from 0.5 minutes to 10 minutes, more preferably from 4 minutes to 10 minutes.

The cold plastic working material 1 to which the lubricant has been applied and dried can be stored in the storage means 5. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the storage means 5 includes a storage box 34, a drip box 35, and a tray 36 on which both are carried. In the tray base 36, the gear 38 rotates by the driving of the motor 37, and the plate teeth 39 mounted on the tray base 36 are driven by the wheels 40 to move. In the steady state, the drop box 35 on the tray base 36 is located directly below the barrel 2. After the material 1 for cold plastic working is put into the barrel 2, in the course of drying, a slight excess of lubricant that drops from the material 1 for cold plastic working is received in the drip box 35. After drying, the barrel 2 is rotated so that the opening 29 is directly below.In this case, the tray base 36 is moved by the drive of the motor 37, and the storage box 34 is positioned directly below the barrel 2. Move to. The cold plastic working material 1 to which the lubricant has been applied and dried is stored in the storage box 34. Thereafter, by switching the rotation of the motor 37 from forward rotation to reverse rotation, the tray base 36 can be returned to the original position.

[Industrial applicability of the invention]

As is apparent from the above description, the use of the lubricating film forming method of the present invention enables a large-scale processing capable of handling a plurality of high-speed presses. In other words, it is possible to simultaneously process a large number of materials for cold plastic kamen at the same time.

Further, in the lubricating film forming apparatus of the present invention, the material 1 for cold plastic working to which the lubricant has been applied is stored in the barrel 2 and hot-air drying is performed while alternately reversing the rotation of the barrel 2 forward and reverse. The motion inside the barrel is greatly improved, and the adhesion between the applied materials is very effectively prevented. Further, by providing an opening in the barrel 2, or providing an inner lid in the opening, or providing a projection inside the barrel 2, the drying efficiency is greatly improved. Further, by providing the coating means 3, the liquid draining means 4, the storage means 5, and the storage means 6 in parallel, it is possible to process a large number of pieces at once. Since such a lubricating film forming apparatus can simultaneously process a large number of materials for cold plastic working at the same time, the production capacity is high, the size is small, and the materials for cold plastic working materials coated with lubricant are combined. Since it can eliminate sticking of water and poor adhesion of water-based lubricant, the drying efficiency is high and the industrial utility value is extremely high.

Claims

Range of request

(1) A plurality of cold plastic working materials whose surfaces have been cleaned by at least one method selected from the group consisting of shot blasting, sand blasting, alkali degreasing and acid cleaning, from 30 ° C to 70 ° C. 0.5 to 10 minutes of contact with a heated treatment solution containing (A) a water-soluble inorganic salt and (B) an aqueous lubricant containing at least one of wax and molybdenum disulfide; Next, these materials are separated from the treatment liquid and drained for 5 to 60 seconds.While simultaneously moving a plurality of these materials, warm air at 50 ° C to 150 ° C is applied for 0.5 minutes to 10 minutes. min addressed by drying, a lubricating coating method characterized by the formation of 2 0 g Roh m ² lubricating coating from adhering weight 1 to the cold plastic material for processing

(2) Equipped with a drying means for storing a cold plastic working material coated with a water-based lubricant for cold forging in a barrel and sending hot air to the barrel while alternately reversing the rotation of the barrel. A lubricating film forming apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.

(3) The lubricating film forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an opening is formed in the barrel.

(4) The lubricating film forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a lid that opens and closes inside the barrel is attached to the opening, and the lid opens and closes by rotating the barrel.

(5) There is a protrusion inside the barrel, and as the rotation of the barrel alternately reverses, the lubricated material for cold plastic working is lifted up by the protrusion, and on the opposite side of the protrusion. The lubricant is dried while dropping and effectively mixing the materials for cold plastic working, thereby eliminating the adhesion between the materials for cold plastic working and drying the lubricant. A lubricating film forming apparatus according to any one of the preceding items.

(6) The apparatus for forming a lubricating film according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a lubricant applying means.

(7) The lubricant applying means is to bring the cold plastic working material together with the container into contact with the lubricant heated to the predetermined temperature and heat the cold plastic working material to the predetermined temperature. 7. The lubricating film forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:

(8) Equipped with liquid drainage means to remove excess lubricant from the applied lubricant, and the liquid drainage means moves the container containing the material for cold plastic working to the drying means while moving the container to the drying means. 8. The lubricating film forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the lubricant is removed, and a material for cold plastic working is charged into a barrel of the drying means.

(9) A storage means for storing a material for cold plastic working having a lubricating film is provided, and the storage means has a storage box and a drop receiving box for excess lubricant, and the boxes are alternately dried. 9. The lubricating film forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the lubricating film forming apparatus moves immediately below a barrel of the means.

(10) Storage means for storing the material for cold plastic working, the storage means having one or more fractionation storage boxes, and the cold plastic 10. The lubricating coating forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the processing material is supplied to a lubricant applying unit.