RU2713893C1 - Concentrate of water-lubricating-cooling liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to compositions of lubricant-coolant process agents, in particular to lubricant-cooling liquids (LCL) concentrates, which can be used in form of aqueous emulsions in machine building on operations of blade and abrasive processing of ferrous metals and their alloys. Content of the concentrate of water-mixed LCL, which as fatty acids contains non-distilled fatty acids, extracted from soap stocks of vegetable oils processing, emulsifier contains triethanolamine, as stabilizer contains ethyl cellosolve, as alkali metal hydroxide – sodium hydroxide, and as anticorrosion additive contains neutral calcium sulphonate at following ratio of components, wt%: fatty acids extracted from soap stocks of processing vegetable oils, non-distilled 20–40, triethanolamine 15–25, ethyl cellosolve 20–40, sodium hydroxide 0.5–1.5, neutral calcium sulphonate 0.3–0.7, technical sunflower oil 100.

EFFECT: formulation of a composition which meets the quality requirements of a water-miscible LCL concentrate which has improved anticorrosive properties and high stability of the LCL obtained therefrom.

1 cl, 8 tbl, 15 ex

Description

The invention relates to compositions of cutting lubricants (COTS), in particular to concentrates of cutting fluids (coolant), which can be used in the form of aqueous emulsions in mechanical engineering for blade and abrasive processing of ferrous metals and their alloys.

The range of compositions of coolant concentrates is very large and has thousands of brands. But their basic composition is the same. They contain a basic base (mineral and / or, less commonly, vegetable) oils, an emulsifier (usually the reaction product of long chain fatty acids with triethanolamine, sometimes other surfactants are also used as emulsifiers), polar oxygen-containing compounds (alcohols, glycols, cellosolves ), ensuring the stability of the concentrate and the emulsion obtained from it. In addition, additives for various purposes are used: anti-corrosion, bactericidal, anti-foam, etc.

Also known compositions that use as a main component soap stock of vegetable oils, products of their processing, as well as oil fuz and other waste oil industry. However, the resulting concentrates are inconvenient to use. For example, a lubricant-coolant concentrate for mechanical processing of metals is known, which contains,%: fat tars from waste oil and fat industry, an alkaline agent in the form of sodium hydroxide, a lubricant in the form of liquid glass and water, an antifoam liquid in the form of polymethylsiloxane liquid, the main substance of which is unsaponifiable waste from the oil and fat industry, and the total amount of improving additives is not more than 3% of the amount of the main substance, while the ratio of components is satisfied as follows,%: tar oils - 30, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) - 2.5-3.5, water glass - 0.5-2.0 (by dry residue), polymethylsiloxane liquid - 0.05-0.1, water - 64.4-66.95 (RU No. 2368651, IPC С10М 173/00 (2006.01), С10М 177/00 (2006.01), C10N 40/20 (2006.01), published on September 27, 2009).

This concentrate is cheap, but extremely inconvenient to use, since it has a solid consistency at a temperature of 19-25 ° C. This requires preliminary heating, which is impossible in the conditions of a machine-building enterprise.

A known protective lubricant concentrate containing water, triethanolamine and dioxane alcohols, boric esters of dioxane alcohols, co-stocks of vegetable oils and animal fats, the product of the interaction of triethanolamine with monoalkyl-C10 C20 phosphoric and / or dialkyl-C8 C10 phosphoric acids and with monoether acids or the product of the interaction of triethanolamine with dialkyldithiophosphoric acid or its zinc salt and the maleic acid monoester or dibenzyl or alkenyl succinic anhydride, or the product of the interaction of tri anolamine with hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and zinc sulfate in the following ratio of components, wt.%: triethanolamine - 0.5-5.0, dioxane alcohols - 1-5, boric esters of dioxane alcohols - 20-30, stocks of vegetable oils and animal fats 10- 20, the specified interaction product is 2-20, water is up to 100 (RU No. 2050408, IPC ⁶ С10М 173/02 // (С10М 173/02, 133: 08, 129: 04, 159: 08, 137: 04) C10N 30:12, publ. 12/20/1995).

This concentrate, with sufficiently high performance characteristics, has limitations in use, since the composition containing the products of the interaction of TEA with dialkyldithiophosphoric acid or its zinc salt or the product of the interaction of TEA with hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid or zinc sulfate is not stable in the presence of water and decomposes, which affects the deterioration inhibitory properties. The presence of free triethanolamine leads to irritation of the skin of the hands and corrosion of non-ferrous metals.

Closest to the claimed composition is a coolant concentrate intended for injection molding in the manufacture of non-ferrous alloy castings, including oleic acid, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenols and mineral oil, sodium hydroxide and an oil additive containing calcium sulfonate in the following ratio of components, wt. %: oleic acid - 0.5-1.5, polyoxyethylated alkyl phenols - 4.5-6.0, oil additive containing calcium sulfonate (in terms of the main substance), 4.0-12.0, sodium hydroxide - 0.3-0.8, mineral oil - up to 100 (RU No. 2177855, IPC V22C 3/00 (2000.01), publ. 10.01.2002).

This composition is characterized by ease of manufacture and relatively low cost of components. It exhibits good working properties in the processing of ferrous alloys.

Its disadvantage is increased corrosion aggressiveness with respect to alloys from ferrous metals and insufficient stability of coolant obtained from it.

The task of the invention is to develop a composition of a concentrate of water-miscible coolant, which has improved anti-corrosion properties and ensures high stability of the coolant obtained from it.

The problem is solved in that a concentrate of a water-miscible cutting fluid used in mechanical engineering for blade and abrasive processing of ferrous metals and their alloys, containing fatty acids, an emulsifier, a stabilizer of the concentrate composition, an alkali metal hydroxide and an anticorrosive additive, as fatty acids row contains non-distilled fatty acids isolated from co-stocks of the processing of vegetable oils, as an emulsifier contains triethanolamine, as a stub the ionizer contains ethyl cellosols, caustic soda as alkali metal hydroxide, and neutral calcium sulphonate in the following ratio, wt.% as an anti-corrosion additive. %:

Fatty acids released from stockpiles distillation of vegetable oils 20-40 Triethanolamine 15-25 Ethyl cellosolve 20-40 Caustic soda 0.5-1.5 Neutral Calcium Sulfonate 0.3-0.7 Technical sunflower oil up to 100.

The difference of the claimed composition is the use of non-distilled fatty acids secreted from the stocks of vegetable oils. Unlike vegetable oil acids, the use of which is known in the composition of coolant concentrates, the non-distilled fatty acids of vegetable oils from soap stocks have not been previously used. The composition itself is also original.

The difference between fatty acids of vegetable oils and fatty acids from soap stocks is in the composition determined by the raw material and the technology of its processing. Fatty acids of vegetable oils are obtained by hydrolysis of vegetable oils, and LCRM-s is isolated from soap stocks, a waste product of vegetable oils. Unlike oils, soap stocks are heavily contaminated with non-acidic products, as well as resins. These contaminants pass into acids secreted from soap stocks, which, for use for one reason or another, must be purified by distillation. This significantly increases the cost of the product.

In the present invention created such compositions that allow you to get a stable workable concentrate without purification of acids obtained from soap stocks. The stability of the concentrate is confirmed by the results of tests by standard methods, the performance by production tests according to special programs.

To illustrate the alleged invention, samples of concentrates were made, for which the following raw materials were used (all are produced in Russia, they are multi-tonnage and inexpensive products):

Fatty acids of vegetable oils released from soap stocks are produced by Sterkh LLC (Belgorod Region) in accordance with TU 9145-002-38939381-2013 and meet the following requirements (Table 1):

Technical triethanolamine is produced by Sintez-Oka LLC (Dzerzhinsk) in accordance with TU 2423-005-78722668-2010 in the form of brands "A", "B" and "C". For the preparation of the concentrate, brand “A” is recommended, the main physicochemical characteristics are presented in table. 2.

Ethyl cellosolve technical, the first grade is produced according to GOST 8313-88 with the following indicators (table. 3):

Technical caustic soda (caustic soda) is produced in accordance with GOST 2263-79 by a number of chemical plants. For the production of concentrate, a product of the RT brand is recommended (solid mercury scaled sodium hydroxide). The main indicators are presented in table. 4.

Technical sunflower oil is produced by the company Sterkh LLC (Belgorod Region) in accordance with TU 9147-001-38639301-2013 and corresponds to the following indicators (Table 5):

Calcium neutral sulphonate is produced by Qualitet NPO in accordance with TU 38.401-58-313-2002 under the trade name K-31 Additive. It is a product of the interaction of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid with calcium oxide hydrate. The main indicators are presented in table.6.

The role of each component is as follows.

Fatty acids in combination with triethanolamine form a complex with a strong emulsifying effect. It ensures the stability of the aqueous emulsion when adding water to the concentrate.

Ethyl cellosolve ensures the stability of the concentrate itself. In addition, it allows you to enter caustic soda in the concentrate in the form of soluble in concentrate alcoholate. It also acts as a biocide, prevented the contamination of the coolant during the work of microorganisms.

Caustic soda maintains the concentration of hydrogen ions in the emulsion to the recommended pH values of 8.2-9.5.

Neutral calcium sulfonate (Additive K-31) provides the necessary level of anticorrosive properties of the coolant. Examples of concentrate compositions illustrating the claimed invention are shown in table. 7.

To justify the concentrations of LCRM-s and triethanolamine, their emulsifying ability was studied by mixing the concentrate with water, that is, directly upon receipt of the most water-miscible coolant. For this, according to GOST 6243, a 4% aqueous coolant solution was prepared by mixing the calculated amounts of concentrate and water, observing the immediate formation of a milky emulsion. The emulsion was kept at room temperature for 24 hours and its appearance was visually evaluated. A stable emulsion was obtained at concentrations of LCRM-s in the range of 20-40 wt. % (examples 6-7). When going beyond these limits, the emulsion was heterogeneous (examples 5 and 8). At such concentrations of LCM-s, the optimal concentration of triethanolamine was 15–25 wt. % (examples 4 and 10).

At optimal concentrations of LCRM-c and triethanolamine, the concentration of ethyl cellosolve was selected. In this case, the stability was studied not of the coolant obtained from the concentrate, but of the concentrate itself. Stability was assessed according to GOST 6243, keeping the concentrate at 60 ° C for 2 hours and then centrifuging it for 20 minutes. A sample is considered to have passed the test if after that no separate phase forms in it. The samples of examples 2 and 12 passed the test. The concentration of ethyl cellosolve was 20 and 40 wt. %

The amount of caustic soda was selected so that the pH of the emulsion was in the range of 8.8-9.3 (recommended value). This was satisfied by the concentration of caustic soda 0.5-1.5 wt. % (examples 2 and 14).

The K-31 additive was added in such a quantity that it ensured the corrosion resistance of the coolant emulsion for two hours according to the fingerprint method according to GOST 6243. The method is based on the property of cast iron to react with working cutting fluids, forming colored corrosion products. Sufficient corrosion resistance is achieved at a concentration of Additive K-31 from 0.3 to 0.7 wt. % A further increase in the concentration of Additive K-31 did not provide an additional anti-corrosion effect and an increase in its consumption was unnecessary.

For production tests, a concentrate of the following composition was made, wt. %:

fatty acids from soap stocks of vegetable oils 27.5 triethanolamine 17.5 ethyl cellosolve 28.5 caustic soda 1,0 neutral calcium sulfonate (additive K-31) 0.5 technical sunflower oil up to 100.

Physico-chemical characteristics of the concentrate water-miscible coolant and prepared from it an aqueous solution of the emulsion are presented in table. 8.

The concentrate can be prepared using modern materials and equipment.

Claims (2)

A water-miscible cutting fluid concentrate used in mechanical engineering for blade and abrasive processing of ferrous metals and their alloys, including fatty acids, an emulsifier, a stabilizer of the concentrate composition, alkali metal hydroxide and an anticorrosion additive, characterized in that it is used as a fatty acid contains non-distilled fatty acids, isolated from co-stocks of processing vegetable oils, as an emulsifier contains triethanolamine, as a stabilizer soda it contains ethyl cellosolve, caustic soda as alkali metal hydroxide, and neutral calcium sulphonate in the following ratio, wt.% as an anticorrosion additive. %: Fatty acids released from stockpiles distillation of vegetable oils 20-40 Triethanolamine 15-25 Ethyl cellosolve 20-40 Caustic soda 0.5-1.5 Neutral Calcium Sulfonate 0.3-0.7 Technical sunflower oil up to 100