RU2236963C2 - Hover vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to good cross-country ability vehicles, namely, to cross-country vehicles on air cushion. Proposed hover vehicle contains hull, lifting fan and space under hull bottom (under-dome space) divided into several compartments with skirts. Hover vehicle is provided with movable frame over perimeter which can be controlled in height by means of drive. Skirts consists of two parts, upper one made in form of corrugated case, and lower one made up of flexible plates arranged in staggered order with partial overlapping. Lower parts of all skirts arranged from outer side can be turned around common axle as required. Skirts are fastened to movable frame. Lifting fan is arranged in front (nose) part of hover vehicle.

EFFECT: increased economy, improved stability at hovering and maneuverability.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to high cross-country vehicles, in particular to air-cushion all-terrain vehicles.

The subject of the invention is a fundamentally new type of all-terrain vehicle - this is an all-terrain vehicle hovercraft or autoplane.

Known hovercraft according to USSR patent No. 457205, class. In 60 V 1/00, 1975, adopted as a prototype. It contains a circular platform in plan with a rigid frame at the bottom, on which a streamlined body is installed, equipped with a control cabin, a passenger compartment and a machine installation with a fan, while the air cushion is formed under the platform and has a flexible fence in the form of concentric external and internal flexible panels connected between each other with semi-cylindrical flexible plates dividing the air cushion space into peripheral sections. In the upper part of the external flexible panel, an inflatable annular balloon is attached to its inner surface, through which air is supplied from the fan to the peripheral sections of the air bag.

However, this vehicle, with many positive qualities, has a number of significant drawbacks that reduce the effectiveness of its use on roads with poor quality pavement, uncoated or off-road. In particular, the design of the air cushion does not allow tracking surface movement changes. Further, due to the round shape of the platform, said vehicle has low maneuverability.

In addition, the location of the fan, air ducts and peripheral sections of the air bag does not allow you to perform an air path with a minimum number of turns of the air flow, which increases the required power of the power plant.

Based on the above, as well as other disadvantages of the vehicle adopted for the prototype, the objectives of the invention are:

- reduction of the required power of the power plant;

- increase the stability of the autoplan when driving and parking in hover mode;

- Improving the preservation of pressure in the compartments of the domed space;

- improved maneuverability.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the claimed autoplane contains a housing in which there is a cabin with steering, seats for passengers, luggage. In the bow of the body, i.e. directly in front, a lifting fan is installed so that its axis is horizontal or at an angle α = 5-10 ° to the horizontal. A power plant is located in the middle of the hull, and a transmission and chassis are located under the bottom of the hull. The space under the bottom of the casing (dome space) is divided into a number of compartments, into which air is supplied from the fan through the air ducts through the annular nozzles located around the perimeter of the compartments to form an air cushion. At the same time, in each compartment with the help of appropriate devices, its own pressure level can be maintained. To keep the airbag in the dome space along the contour of each compartment, elastic “skirts” are installed, each of which is made of two parts: the upper one is in the form of a corrugated box, and the lower one is assembled from staggered elastic plates with partial overlap.

The lower parts of the "skirts", located on the outside, have the ability to rotate around a common axis to the outside. The "skirts" of all compartments are fastened together and attached to a movable frame, covering the autoplan around the perimeter and controlled by hydraulic cylinders or linear electric motors.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 is a General view;

figure 2 is a section along aa,

where 1 is the case; 2 - power plant; 3 - lifting fan; 4 - marching fan; 5 - "skirt"; 6 - air duct of the lifting fan; 7 - a running gear; 8 - a steering; 9 - cabin and luggage compartment.

The proposed autoplane comprises a housing 1, in which a power plant 2 is located, a lifting fan 3 installed in the bow of the hull, and march fans 4 installed in the aft of the hull. An air cushion is formed under the bottom of the hull, enclosed by a "skirt" 5, divided into compartments, into which air is supplied from the lifting fan 3 through the air duct 6. The air from the dome space purposefully and mainly moves towards the stern, creating additional draft when it flows through the stern, moving autoplane forward.

For driving on ordinary roads there is a transmission and chassis 7, as well as steering 8, which operates in two modes: in the hovering position and when driving on wheels.

As a specific example of the implementation of the inventive all-terrain vehicle hovercraft is shown autoplane "Swift". It consists of the following main parts:

1. All-metal casing made of duralumin sheets with a thickness of 0.8-1 mm. To ensure the longitudinal (directional) stability of the autoplan in the aft of the hull there is a keel located between the mid-flight fans. Additionally, exchange rate stability is ensured by the fact that the bow of the hull is already aft, which gives it a wedge shape.

2. Power plant - a gas turbine engine designed specifically for an autoplan with a power of 220-250 hp

3. A lift fan mounted directly in front of the autoplan. The fan axis is located horizontally, which allows you to maximize the use of the head pressure of the oncoming flow and thereby increase the efficiency of the fan. In addition, with this arrangement, the air in the air duct makes a minimum number of turns. Having created a pillow in the dome space, he goes to the stern and expires through a controlled gap between the stern of the “skirt” and the movement surface. In this case, reactive thrust occurs, which reduces or completely compensates for the impulse loss resistance.

The fan is driven by a built-in electric motor. Electricity for driving an electric motor is generated by a generator, the rotation of which is carried out by the power plant of the autoplan.

To ensure that the fan starts, its blades are rotary.

The second option is to install two fans of lower power, one on each side, also in the bow of the autoplan.

In this case, each fan will pump air in its direction of the dome space, the air flow path will become even more direct, it will be possible to separately control the air pressure in the compartments located on either side of the autoplan.

4. Marching fan - these are two fans installed in the stern of the hull symmetrically with respect to the diametrical plane. Each fan is driven by a built-in electric motor. The fan blades are made rotary, which makes it possible to control the speed of the machine by changing the pitch and (or) the number of fan revolutions, change the direction of movement of the autoplan by creating different fan traction, as well as braking the autoplan by reversing the fan traction.

5. "Skirt" for the air cushion. To perform the functions of better air retention in the domed space, the “skirt” should, if possible, accurately track the surface profile of the movement. Therefore, the "skirt" is made with the possibility of height control. In addition, the elements of the "skirt" are made of elastic and elastic materials, which also makes it possible to maintain a minimum gap between the lower edge of the "skirt" and the movement surface, thereby preserving the air pressure in the dome space as much as possible.

In the Swift autoplan, the domed space is divided into six compartments (Fig. 2). Therefore, the "skirt" consists of six separate "skirts" attached with the upper end to the bottom of the autoplan along the perimeter of the corresponding compartment. The lower end of the "skirts" hangs freely. From the outside, all the "skirts" are attached to a common frame around the perimeter of the autoplan. “Skirts” are also fastened together, forming a single rigid system.

Each "skirt" is made of two parts: the upper one is a corrugated box made of elastic material, and the lower one, assembled from staggered elastic plates with partial overlap, forming a closed loop.

To eliminate the accumulation of dust, sand and snow, etc. on the protruding parts of the autoplan, the lower part of the car is covered with an elastic cover (“boot”), which is attached to the bumper of the machine at one end and to the movable frame at the other end.

The drive (height control) of the "skirt" is carried out by four hydraulic cylinders or linear electric motors in either automatic or manual mode.

In addition to the main purpose - to keep air in the domed space - the "skirt" can be used to exclude or reduce the drift of the autoplan during turns, turns or gusts of wind due to the possibility of turning the lower parts of the "skirts" of the compartments around the common axis to the outside. For this, the side of the lower part of the "skirts" where the drift is observed is turned. At the same time, an intensive outflow of air begins on this side of the autoplan, jet thrust occurs, which reduces or eliminates drift.

6. The air path consists of a fan inlet, a fan duct and a duct system. The layout and design of the elements of the air path is performed so that the air flow makes the minimum number of turns.

In addition to the listed main components, the described Swift autoplane includes a transmission, chassis and steering. For their manufacture, well-known standardized car parts were used.

When managing an autoplane, it is necessary to take into account and monitor many parameters at the same time, therefore, to facilitate control, a gyroscope connected to the on-board computer is used.

The described design of the proposed autoplan solves many problems associated with impassability. An autoplane is indispensable for servicing oil and gas, energy complex facilities located in undeveloped places. It can also find application in individual consumers.

Claims (2)

1. An autoplane comprising a body, a lifting fan, a space under the bottom of the body (dome space), divided into a number of compartments with “skirts”, characterized in that it is provided with a movable frame around the perimeter, which is installed with the possibility of height adjustment by means of a drive, “skirt” ”Are made of two parts - the upper, in the form of a corrugated elastic box, and the lower, assembled from staggered elastic plates with partial overlap, the lower parts of all“ skirts ”located on the outside, and They have the possibility of turning around the common axis in the outer direction, while the “skirts” are attached to the movable frame, and the lifting fan is located directly in the front (bow) part of the autoplan. 2. Autoplane according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an elastic cover - anther, the upper end of which is attached to the bumper, and the lower end to the movable frame.

Images