RU2269441C1 - Transport amphibian hovercraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building of transport amphibian hovercraft with elastic guard.

SUBSTANCE: propose amphibian hovercraft has platform with built-in receiver provided with compartments, hull with compartments, engine, fan, transmission, propeller in aerodynamic ring, aerial rudder, flexible guard in area of increased pressure, controllable wheeled pneumatic undercarriage, buoyancy units articulated with platform body and elastic guard and safety strake located over perimeter of amphibian hovercraft; it is provided with two deceleration flaps and control system, guide knives and deceleration tenons. Knives are rigidly secured to lower elastic plates of deceleration flap driven by pneumatic cylinders; deceleration tenons are elastically secured to upper plates of deceleration flap and are driven by pneumatic cylinders and corrugated air chambers. Amphibian hovercraft is provided with controllable reactive grate -compensator with horizontal blades for counter-acting to capsizing moment of propeller; it is kinematically linked with contact pitch sensor located in fore portion of hull. Deceleration flap may be divided in plan into two parts located symmetrically relative to longitudinal axis of amphibian hovercraft at distance of 0.3-0.5 of height of air cushion from each other and interconnected by means of flexible spring.

EFFECT: improved service characteristics of amphibian hovercraft.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to vehicles with high cross-country ability, in particular to amphibious vehicles, incorporating a flexible fence capable of forming an air cushion, and means to ensure buoyancy on water and the movement of the vehicle by land and water.

A vehicle is known to be an air cushion, comprising a peripheral flexible enclosure of the high pressure area and a platform with a streamlined body mounted on it, equipped with a control cabin, a passenger compartment and an engine installation with a fan, including a turbine with fuel tanks and pipelines (USSR Patent No. 457205) .

The disadvantages of this vehicle include the large dimensions of the supporting platform, which make it difficult to travel over rough terrain and small rivers, large drag, lateral windage, and the complicated design of the power plant and transmission. The design of the supporting platform and the hull does not allow the vehicle to be transported by road and rail.

A known air-cushion boat containing a bearing housing on which blower units are installed, including blowers with lift and propulsion ducts in the form of two spiral channels with rotary walls for forming and redistributing the air flow creating an air cushion and forming air-propulsive by means of nozzles at the ends of the propulsive air ducts traction, and a flexible inflatable fence is attached to the bottom of the supporting body: the lifting air ducts are made with end diffusers proof operation (№ UK Patent 1381806, cl. B 7 C).

It should be noted that the maneuverability of such a boat is insufficient, because Reverse and maneuvering are carried out by the internal flaps of the blowers.

An amphibious hovercraft is known comprising a platform on which are mounted: an air receiver, a controlled pneumatic wheel chassis, a controlled braking device, a sealed enclosure divided into compartments, a propeller in the aerodynamic ring, air wheels, buoyancy units, fixed articulated on the right and left sides of the hull, a flexible enclosure of the zone of high pressure, fixed around the perimeter of the hull and blocks of buoyancy (RF Patent No. 2164481).

The disadvantages of this vehicle include:

1. The lack of effectiveness of the brake flaps equipped with guide knives, especially when moving above a hard surface (ice, ice, frozen soils). This is due to the fact that the guide knives or rollers cannot penetrate deep into the surface of ice or frozen (icy) soil and glide over its surface without providing the necessary resistance to braking movement, i.e. necessary brake effect.

2. The insufficient efficiency of the cooling system of the air-cooled engine due to the large length of the ejection air duct passing under the fan and luggage compartments.

3. Insufficient longitudinal stability of the vehicle, especially when driving over water at high speed.

This is due to the fact that the vehicle does not have a device that counteracts the capsizing moment of the propeller, which, at high speeds, causes the nose of the vehicle to be pressed against the surface of the water, to pull under the bottom of the front of the flexible enclosure of the air bag and bury the nose of the body in water.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the proposed amphibious vehicle (ATS) on an air cushion is to increase the characteristics of weight return, fuel efficiency, seaworthiness and traffic safety over water and land.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the amphibious vehicle contains a platform on which are mounted: a pressure receiver, a brake controlled device, a sealed enclosure, divided into compartments (control cabin, passenger compartment, engine, fan, luggage), propeller in restrictive ring, air rudders.

On the right and left sides of the platform, buoyancy units are pivotally attached with a flexible enclosure of the airbag’s high pressure zone.

In order to reduce drag and evenly distribute air over the area of the airbag and evenly distribute air over sections of the high-pressure zone, the supporting platform, the casing and the flexible guard are streamlined, the lifting-and-moving installation is located in the middle of the casing between the passenger compartment and the luggage compartment.

In order to increase the vehicle’s maneuverability and traffic safety over water and land, especially in rough terrain, the vehicle is equipped with two elastic brake flaps guided from the cab with guide knives and brake spikes.

In this case, the guide knives are rigidly attached to the lower elastic plates of the brake flap driven by pneumatic cylinders, the brake spikes are elastically attached to the upper plates of the brake flap and are driven by pneumatic cylinders and corrugated air chambers.

Such a system provides a short-term connection of the vehicle with the supporting surface, keeping it from skidding on bends and slopes when using only guide knives and provides effective braking of the vehicle even on clean ice while using guide knives and brake spikes.

In order to increase the efficiency and survivability of the brake flaps when moving over a hard and uneven surface (ice hummocks, a hummocky swamp) they are spaced apart from each other by a distance "B" equal to 0.3-0.5 of the height of the air cushion, and are connected between themselves in the upper part with an elastic spring.

In order to increase safety, the brake flaps are controlled from two separate bodies:

1. “Direction” from which the guide knives are driven.

2. “Braking”, from which the guide blades and brake spikes are driven.

In order to increase the efficiency of the engine cooling system and lower the center of gravity of the vehicle, the engine is mounted coaxially with the fan shaft and is lowered to the bottom of the housing as much as possible and is located in an intense stream of air entering the air inlet of the fan.

To reduce the ingress of snow and dust, the intake of air cooling the engine is carried out through openings and filters located in the upper part (roof) of the housing.

In order to increase longitudinal stability and safety, especially on water, the telephone exchange is equipped with a controlled reactive compensation grid located behind the propeller, which counteracts the overturning moment of the propeller and is kinematically connected with the contact roll sensor located in the nose of the case.

Figure 1 schematically shows a side view of the described vehicle.

Figure 2 is a plan view.

Figure 3 is a view along arrow A.

Figure 4 - layout of the lifting-propulsion system.

Figure 5 - installation of the brake flaps and contact roll sensor.

Figure 6 schematically shows the brake flaps, side view.

7 schematically shows the brake flaps, a view in plan.

Amphibious vehicle (ATS) contains a platform-bottom of the hull 1, buoyancy blocks 2, engine 3, fan 4, transmission 5, propeller 6 in the aerodynamic ring 7, air wheels 8, brake flaps 9, reactive compensation grid 10 located between propeller and rudders, flexible enclosure of the pressure zone 11, safety belt 12.

The movement of the ATS on water and land is carried out on an air cushion using a lifting and propulsion system consisting of an air-cooled engine, a fan, a propeller and air rudders.

An air cushion is created by blowing air into a high pressure zone limited by a flexible fence.

The buoyancy, stability and safety of the ATS movement on water is ensured by using a sealed hull and buoyancy blocks, which are made in the form of two floats placed on the sides of the hull.

A flexible guard and a safety belt are attached to the outer contour of the buoyancy units on the removable brackets.

To improve controllability and increase safety on the telephone exchange, brake shields 9, controlled from the driver's cab, are used, consisting of a set of flexible plates of variable section 13, guide knives 14, rigidly fixed at the ends of the lower plates, brake spikes 15, elastically fixed at the ends of the upper plates 16 with elastic elements 17, pneumatic cylinders 18, actuating the brake flaps, and pneumatic corrugated chambers 19 with flexible air hoses 20, actuating (release) brake spikes.

When interacting with the surface of the earth, water, snow, ice, guide knives provide the necessary travel stability, prevent the vehicle from skidding on turns, slopes, and provide a turn in place.

However, the braking effect of the guide knives, especially on ice and frozen soils, is insufficient.

To enhance the braking effect, at the command of the driver, the drive of the brake flaps and the drive of releasing the brake spikes are simultaneously actuated, which ensures the necessary exchange of vehicles on the course and effective braking.

For better adaptability to the relief of the abutment surface and to increase their survivability, the brake flaps are spaced symmetrically in plan view relative to the longitudinal axis of the ATC at a distance “B” equal to 0.3 -... 0.5 of the height of the airbag, and are interconnected by an elastic spring 21 The distance between the brake flaps is selected from the condition of laying in the center of the body of the flexible keel section of the air cushion 22.

The propeller 6 is connected by transmission 5 to the shaft of the engine 3 and, for safety, is placed in a ring 7 having an aerodynamic cross-section in order to increase the efficiency of the propulsion device (screw).

In the air stream in the area of the propeller to control the movement of the ATS in the horizontal plane, air rudders 8 are installed, which have several vertically arranged blades to increase efficiency.

Between the propeller 6 and the air rudders 8 there are horizontal blades 10 of the jet grid deflecting the air flow behind the propeller upward and creating a reactive moment relative to the center of gravity of the ATC, directed in the opposite direction of the tilting moment of the screw.

The drive control the position (angle) of the blades of the jet array and, as a result, the leveling of the longitudinal roll of the housing of the reactive moment is kinematically connected with the contact roll sensor 23 installed in the bow of the housing under the bottom.

When lowering the bow of the ATC housing by an amount greater than the permissible traffic safety condition and touching the fifth foot of the roll sensor of the surface of water, snow or ice, a signal is automatically issued to increase the angle of inclination of the blades of the reactive grid, the reaction time increases and the ATC housing is leveled.

To reduce energy costs and increase the efficiency of an amphibious vehicle, especially at high speeds, the hull, buoyancy units and a flexible guard have streamlined aerodynamic contours in plan and longitudinal sections.

The amphibious vehicle is operated in the following way: the power plant is started, the air cushion and propeller are turned on, the ATS rises to its working height and movement begins on land or on water. In this case, the brake flaps, depending on traffic conditions, are either removed into the corresponding platform niche (Fig. 5), or are used in the process of movement:

- to keep the ATS in place with the engine running on slopes, slopes, with strong winds;

- for turning the PBX in place;

- for braking;

- to keep the ATS from drifts during sharp turns, when driving in wooded and very rough terrain, when driving along winding roads and narrow winding rivers.

The force of pressing the brake flaps on the supporting surface (earth, snow, water, ice) and their holding ability is regulated by the driver during movement by changing the force of pressing the control (brake pedal).

Conducted full-scale tests of the claimed amphibious vehicle on an air cushion showed good stability of the ATS on water and land, good maneuverability at high and low speeds, sufficient protection of the propeller.

Claims (3)

1. An amphibious hovercraft, comprising a platform with a built-in receiver, divided into compartments, a housing divided into compartments (control cabin, passenger compartment, engine, fan, luggage), engine, fan, transmission, propeller in the aerodynamic ring, air steering wheel, flexible enclosure of the high pressure area, controllable wheeled pneumatic chassis, buoyancy units pivotally attached to the platform body and the flexible enclosure, safety belt located along amphibious vehicle diameter, characterized in that the amphibious vehicle is equipped with two brake flaps having a control system, guide knives and brake spikes, while the guide blades are rigidly fixed to the lower elastic plates of the brake flap driven by pneumatic cylinders, and brake spikes elastically fixed to the upper plates of the brake flap and driven by pneumatic cylinders and corrugated air chambers, an amphibious vehicle equipped It is controlled by a controlled reactive grating - a compensator with horizontal blades located behind the propeller, counteracting the overturning moment of the propeller and kinematically connected with the contact pitch sensor located in the bow of the case. 2. Amphibious vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake flap is divided in plan into two parts symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the amphibious vehicle at a distance equal to 0.3-0.5 of the height of the air cushion from each other, and interconnected by an elastic spring. 3. The amphibious vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake flap is configured to control the direction of the action of the guide knives and with the ability to control "braking" the action of the guide knives and brake spikes.

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