RU2233373C1 - Method for constructing horizontal or slanting draining well in watered sand horizons, device for realization of said method, filter pipe - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes providing for possibility of boring by outer filter column due to protection of filtering elements of the latter and removal of free connection between inner hollow of column to force-pumping water horizons, use of composite mechanical valve, one portion of which is a back conical surface of a chisel with a crow, for regulating amount of sand removed from the well.

EFFECT: regulated removal of sand with high hydrostatic pressures, shorter time of construction, greater depth and length of well, higher effectiveness, simplified construction, higher ecology effectiveness and safety of method, lower energy consumption, higher reliability, lower loads on working bodies, protection of filtering surfaces.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to methods for constructing horizontal or inclined wells in flooded sand horizons and devices that implement this method, and can be used in the construction of drainage wells from pits and mine shafts in difficult hydrogeological conditions, namely in sandy aquifers in a wide range of hydrostatic heads.

A known method and device for constructing horizontal wells under river channels by crushing filter pipes, which is an assembly consisting of a filter column and hydraulic jacks, with the help of which the filter column is crushed without rotation into an aquifer, while part of the rock through holes in the head mounted on the front filter is removed by formation water through the filter column. The method is characterized by the application of high axial forces (up to 3000 kN) and is applicable only in gravel and coarse-grained heterogeneous aquifers. The disadvantages of the method are: limited scope, intense curvature of wells, uncontrolled removal of sand from the reservoir [P.A. Anatolievsky, G.A. Razumov. Horizontal wells, M., 1970. with].

There is also known a method for constructing drainage wells by drilling with auger filters from wells with a diameter of 800 mm and a device for these purposes with a drainage depth of up to 50 m. Drainage is carried out using special auger filters, which are both a drill string and a filter. Rotational, with a frequency of 60-100 rpm, and translational motion, the screw filter is informed by a mechanism immersed in the well, in the housing of which a hydraulic motor, gearbox and rotator-pusher are placed. Screw filters are fed from the surface with a special container. The oil station and the control panel are placed on the surface.

The disadvantages of the method are high loads, the inability to control the spatial position of the axis of the well, the depth of the wells being constructed, the volume of sand removed from the formation. The proposed method of drilling with a screw filter showed that the screw cannot work stably at 100% filling of the space. He begins to work like a screw. Uncontrolled sand removal leads to the appearance of softening zones in the formation and the curvature of the well being constructed [I.F. Oksanich, V. S. Beresnev, A. B. Gordon and others. Drainage of deposits during the construction of iron ore enterprises. - M., Nedra, 1977, p. 88].

From the prior art, there is also known a method for constructing drainage wells and a device for its implementation according to as No. 1682547, according to which the destruction of the rock (strong fractured rocks) is carried out by two rock-breaking elements connected to the inner and outer pipe columns by applying torque to each of the columns and the axial feed force of the same magnitude. An increase in productivity and reduction of energy consumption during drilling of rocks alternating over the fortress is achieved by moving the inner column relative to the rock-cutting elements of the inner and outer pipe columns external to each other, after which the outer column is disconnected from the external rock-cutting tool and the rock is destroyed at equal angular rotational speeds of the rock-cutting elements, while ensuring the rotation of the internal rock-breaking element with a greater angular velocity, th m is the angular velocity of the outer column, for which the inner pipe string is installed with the possibility of translational movement relative to the outer column, and the inner surface of the rock cutting element of the outer column has grooves for interacting with the protrusions made on the outer surface of the rock cutting element of the inner column (A.S. 1682547, 07.10 .91 BI 37). This method and device are not acceptable for the construction of wells in flooded sands.

The closest and selected as a prototype for the proposed method and device for its implementation are the method of drilling and equipping filters of horizontal and slightly inclined (up to 10%) wells in flooded sands under the protection of the casing by a beam drilling unit ULB-130, including a drilling unit, oil station and control panel. The control panel and the drilling unit are mounted inside the mine well on the working shelves. The installation has a rotator of external (working) pipes and a rotator of augers with feed hydraulic cylinders. The power drive of both rotators are hydraulic motors. Both rotators can operate independently of each other. The outer column is equipped with a cutting element, the inner column is equipped with a special rock cutting tool that allows you to overlap the end of the outer column for the period of extension and landing of the filter column. The diameter of the rock cutting element is larger than the diameter of the outer string and when drilling is 1.5-2.0 cm ahead of the outer string. Well construction is carried out by an internal column (screw) under the protection of an external column (casing), supplied simultaneously, while both columns are coaxially located relative to the axis of rotation. Drilling is carried out cyclically to the length of the screw section and, accordingly, the length of the working pipe section. The rotation of each pipe string is provided by individual rotators.

The formation is opened by a rock cutting element in the form of a special crown mounted on a screw string having a disk, with the help of which it is possible to change the gap between the disk and the end face of the external protective casing string and to regulate sand removal from the formation within certain limits. At the same time, the connection of the atmosphere with the formation is maintained through the annular space between the protective and screw columns.

The external pipe string protects the well from collapses and allows it to be equipped with a filter string, for which, after drilling, the screw string is removed, a filter string is inserted into the well coaxially with the external string until bottom. After planting the filter column, the external column is removed and the well is ready for operation [L.D. Chuchelin, V.S. Kuzkin, F.S. Malatskovsky, I.I. Bondarenko, etc. Temporary guidelines for the construction of beam drainage wells for drilling installation of ULB-130, Belgorod, 1981, with. 19].

With this method of drilling, an opening of a pressure tank filled with a water-sand mixture occurs. With significant pressure of water in the reservoir (over 3 m water column), control over the removal of sand from the reservoir is practically impossible, which leads to the formation of loosening zones and, accordingly, to the bending of the well.

The disadvantages are the significant time involved in removing the external protective column after installing the filter column in it, as well as the high degree of possibility of destruction of the filter surface. This possibility is explained by the fact that under conditions of compression of the protective column with sand, its extraction is carried out only by rotation at the maximum axial forces back. The described rotation under compression conditions leads to contact of the irregularities of the inner surface of the outer column with the filter surface and, as a consequence, to its destruction. It is necessary to re-drill the well, which makes the process unreliable, lengthy and time-consuming. The speed of extraction of the working string is comparable to the speed of drilling.

In the practice of water withdrawal by filter columns, the features of its constructive solution, due to the actual conditions of their operation, are of great importance.

The main constructive types of filters that are most widely used in the practice of drainage work are: perforated, wire, mesh, frame-rod and gravel (frame-stuffed).

So, from the prior art, for example, filter designs with grids based on perforated pipes of metal and polyethylene are known. On pipes with a diameter of 100 mm and a hole diameter of 10 mm, the number of holes is 800 per 1 m. With a pipe diameter of 125 mm and a hole diameter of 12 mm, 700 per 1 m. The mesh is brazed and the wire spiral is wound along longitudinal ribs made of wire with a diameter of 4 -5 mm. Such ribs are installed by welding to a steel frame or thermal puncture of the heated cones of wire into the frame. The disadvantage of this design is that the winding of wire spirals on pipes made of metal leads to their deformation and displacement of the turns of the spiral during transportation and lowering into the well [V. M. Gavrilko, V. S. Alekseev. Drill hole filters. - M., 1985, from 49-50].

In some cases, to drain fine-grained sands, block-type filters are used, consisting of a metal frame, on which ready-made blocks are put on, made of ceramic, porous concrete or glued gravel grains. Reducing the size of the through holes on the filter surface of the filter during pumping from fine-grained sands leads to the appearance of large input resistances that reduce the efficiency of water reduction.

In this regard, when pumping water from fine-grained sands, filters with gravel and sand sprinkling loaded from the surface have become very important, which makes this type of filter inapplicable for lowering horizontal drainage wells [Drainage of deposits during the construction of iron ore plants. - M., "Nedra", 1977, I.F. Oksanich, V. S. Beresnev, A. B. Gordon and others, p. 58].

Also known is the filter element of the radiation intake according to A.S. 969841 (10.30.82 BI No. 40), made perforated, while the filter pipe is assembled from elements with different duty cycle adjacent stepwise in the direction from the head to the mouth, ensuring the equality of the average speeds through the holes of each element.

The main part of the analogues is inoperative when used as workers in the rotary drilling process due to the high resistance due to the non-streamlining of the filter pipes.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed and selected as a prototype for the filter pipe is a hole filter, including a filter pipe with through holes. This type of filter is used to drain aquifers composed of gravel, coarse sands, gravel sands with particles from 1 to 10 mm in size and with a predominance of particles from 2 to 5 mm in size (the number of such particles is more than 50%). The holes are made round, the diameter of the holes is 5-10 mm. Reducing the size of the through holes on the filter surface of the filter causes an increase in input resistance and a decrease in the efficiency of water withdrawal [Drainage of deposits during the construction of iron ore enterprises. - M., "Nedra", 1977, I.F. Oksanich, V. S. Bersenev, A. B. Gordon and others, p. 58-59].

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of constructing horizontal or inclined drainage wells that allows you to safely open sandy aquifers in a wide range of hydrostatic heads without causing environmental damage and the development of technical means for its implementation, including the creation of a durable filter pipe with protected filter elements that do not increase the resistance of the filter pipe with rotational-translational motion.

Technical results that can be obtained by implementing the invention are:

for method

- providing controlled sand removal at high hydrostatic pressure;

- expansion of the operating range of hydrostatic pressures;

- reduction of construction time;

- increasing the depth and length of the constructed drainage well;

- improving manufacturability;

- improving the environmental friendliness and safety of the method;

for installation that implements the method

- elimination of the free communication of the internal cavity of the external column with pressure aquifers;

- simplification of the design;

- productivity increase;

- reduction in energy intensity;

- increased reliability;

- reduction of loads on the executive bodies of the installation (torques, axial forces);

for filter pipe

- expansion of functionality;

- providing the possibility of using a filter pipe in pressure sandy aquifers;

- protection of filter surfaces from mechanical stress.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of the expected technical results for the claimed method and installation for its implementation became possible due to the fact that in the known method of constructing a horizontal or inclined drainage well in flooded sandy rocks, including drilling by transmitting axial force to the bottom through an external pipe string with the cutting edge and the inner column, on which an element is installed to destroy the rock and overlap the end of the outer column for periods of stop for the extension of pipes and exp uations with regulation of the removal of rock in the form of sand, the supply of flushing fluid, the removal of the destroyed rock with flushing fluid, the equipment of the well being constructed with filter pipes, the drainage of water through the internal cavity of the filter pipes, the equipment of the well being constructed with filter pipes is carried out during drilling by incorporating filter pipes and a drill head having a continuous cylindrical surface, the outer diameter of which is 1.1-1.15 of the outer diameter of the filter pipes, and on a head column as an element for rock destruction and overlapping the end of the outer column, a bit with a back side having a conical surface and a crown is installed, a hydraulic chamber is formed in the drill head by separating it from the filter annulus with a sealant with check valves, with a hydraulic chamber length determined by according to the formula

l = d tgφ,

where l is the length of the hydraulic chamber;

d is the diameter of the drill head;

φ is the angle of internal friction of sand under water,

the hydraulic chamber is filled, creating a water seal, with flushing fluid to a pressure close to or equal to the reservoir pressure, drilling is carried out by rotating the external column at a frequency in the range of 0.5-3.0 rpm, and the internal - 80.0-120.0 rpm min, the removal of the destroyed rock is carried out with flushing liquid through the check valves of the sealant, which are configured to open at a pressure close to or equal to the reservoir pressure, drainage of water is carried out through the cavity of the external column, the removal of the rock in the form of sand is controlled by changing the value of the azor between the conical surface of the inner cavity of the cylindrical ring, which is one of the parts of the additional composite mechanical shutter, mounted with an emphasis on the end face of the cylindrical recess made in the inner surface of the drill head and the conical surface of the back of the bit, which is another part of this additional composite mechanical shutter, by moving horizontally of at least one of these parts relative to the other, provided that the angles formed form these surfaces and the angle of effective cutting of soft rocks, while in the preferred embodiment of the method, the rotation of the columns is carried out in antiphase, and also due to the fact that in the known installation for the construction of a horizontal or inclined drainage well in flooded sandy horizons, including a control panel and a drilling unit , which contains the rotator of the outer column, the rotator of the inner column, coaxial outer and inner pipe columns, due to the corresponding surfaces of which is formed the annular space, the cutting edge at the end of the outer column and the element for rock destruction and overlapping the end of the outer column for the period of stops for pipe extension and operation, the outer column includes filter pipes and is equipped in the bottomhole with a drill head having a continuous cylindrical surface whose outer diameter is 1.1-1.15 of the outer diameter of the filter pipes, and a sealant is installed inside the drill head with the possibility of creating a sealant in the region - the end face of the outer column of the hydraulic chamber ery with fluid pressure close to or equal to the reservoir and the length determined by the formula

l = d tgφ,

where l is the length of the hydraulic chamber;

d is the diameter of the drill head;

φ is the angle of internal friction of sand under water,

the sealant is equipped with non-return valves for removing the destroyed rock from the bottom with a wash liquid flow, configured to open under pressure of a liquid in the hydraulic chamber that is close to or equal to the reservoir, and from the bottom side a cylindrical recess is made in the inner surface of the drill head, the depth and length of which are sufficient to establish with an emphasis on the end face of this cylindrical recess of one of the parts of an additional composite mechanical shutter in the form of a cylindrical ring with an internal cavity in the shape of a whisker a cone turning into a cylindrical cavity and facing the bottom with the base of this cone, as well as an element for rock destruction and overlapping the end of the outer string, in which the drilling unit contains a bit with a back having a conical surface, which is another part of an additional composite mechanical shutter forming a gap with a conical cavity of a cylindrical ring provided that the angles formed by the generatrix of this conical cavity forming the conical surface are equal ylnoy hand and angle chisel effective cutting of soft rock, while in the best exemplary embodiment, the diameter of the cylindrical cavity of the cylindrical ring formed through an additional horizontal hemichannels in the form of hemispheres.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of technical results for the filter pipe became possible due to the fact that in the known filter pipe having round through holes, the round through holes are made in one step, while the diameter of the round through hole from the outer surface of the filter pipe is larger than the diameter of the round through hole with side of the inner surface of the filter pipe, and the step height from the side of the outer surface of the filter pipe exceeds the height of the filter element, you filled in the form of a cylindrical tablet made of filter material, with a diameter of the cylindrical tablet, which makes it possible to fit snugly on the ring step into each circular through hole on the side of the outer surface of the filter pipe.

In a preferred embodiment, the filter tube is further provided with fixing rings according to the number of round through holes with an external diameter equal to the diameter of the filter element, and a mesh of corrosion-resistant material is used as filter material for cylindrical tablets.

A variant of the inventive filter pipe having through holes is the additional supply of filter elements according to the number of through holes with a configuration that repeats the shape of through holes, ensuring their tight installation in these through holes on additional through stopper elements according to the number of through holes with a configuration that also repeats the shape these through holes, with a width sufficient to hold through them filter elements, and installed at a depth of through holes Exceeding the height of the filter elements.

The opening of sandy aquifers by the method and installation of the prototype entails the removal of sand, which increases with increasing hydrostatic pressure in the reservoir. As a result of this dependence, sand removal begins to exceed the volume of the well being constructed. In this case, the main part of the sand comes from the upper arch part, which, of course, entails softening of the sand and the involvement of large volumes of rock in the movement. This is the main reason for the curvature of the outer column in the direction of decompression. The aforesaid follows from the presence of a connection between the bottom of the opening pressure formation and the wellhead, i.e. atmospheric pressure through the annulus and limits the capabilities of the prototype method in terms of pressure, depth and length of the well being constructed. The set of essential features of the proposed installation makes it possible to exclude a direct connection of pressure formation water with the air atmosphere through the annular space by forming a hydraulic chamber in the face in which a water seal is created by filling the hydraulic chamber with flushing liquid, for example, water, to a pressure close to or equal to the reservoir one, t. e. due to the separation of the annular space in the bottom area into filter and non-filter parts with a sealant with check valves. When the pressure in the chamber exceeds the reservoir, the formation absorbs the washing liquid and increases the reservoir pressure, in connection with which the check valves are set to open at close or equal reservoir pressure, and the number of valves is determined in each case based on the pump performance. The length of the hydraulic chamber and, accordingly, the distance at which the sealant is installed in the drill head, is determined depending on the diameter of the drill head and the angle of internal friction of sand under water.

In this case, sand can accumulate in the created hydraulic chamber in an amount equal to the volume of the internal cavity, in the form of a truncated cone with a taper angle equal to the angle of internal friction of sand under water. The hydraulic chamber serves as a damper for the hydrostatic pressure of the reservoir, as a result of which uncontrolled discharge of rock in the form of sand becomes impossible. For each aquifer having a specific particle size distribution, the value of the angle of internal friction φ is a reference value. The introduction of the essential features of the method of such a feature as drilling an external filter column in the presence of a water seal, by compiling an external column of filter pipes with a drill head in which a hydraulic chamber is filled, which is filled with flushing fluid to a pressure close to or equal to the reservoir pressure, allows drainage wells in water-saturated sands with high hydrostatic pressure. This approach to solving the problem of constructing horizontal or inclined drainage wells in pressure sand horizons is fundamentally new and is close to natural processes. The implementation of drilling an external column, including filter pipes, for example with a smooth surface and protected filter elements, improves the environmental friendliness of the method, simplifies it by giving the filter device the function of an external column.

Reducing the load on the executive bodies is achieved by controlling the removal of sand. The volume of destroyed rock carried out per unit time (V _rp ) should be maintained in the ratio

V _pp = kS _well · V _fur l / min,

where k is the coefficient of loosening of sand, equal to 1.1-1.2;

S _SLE - cross-sectional area of the face;

S _well = 0.785-d ² , dm ² ;

d is the diameter of the drill head;

V _fur - mechanical drilling speed, dm / min.

If this ratio is observed above the arched part of the external column, sand does not decompress and, accordingly, the drainage well does not bend.

An essential feature of the method is the ability to control the process of rock removal in the form of sand in the annular space at high hydrostatic pressure, provided by adjusting the gap between the two parts of the additional composite mechanical shutter located in the hydraulic chamber of the drill head, which in turn facilitates this process. A cylindrical ring with a conical cavity in the form of a truncated cone facing the bottom towards the bottom serves as one of the parts of the additional composite mechanical shutter, and the back of the bit having a conical surface is the second. The required gap width is set by moving horizontally at least one of the parts of the additional composite mechanical shutter. In practice, it ranges from 0.01 to 50-70 mm, depending on hydrogeological conditions (mainly, the value of the pressure of produced water) and is determined empirically by the volume of the rock taken out. Achieving such a technical result as providing controlled sand removal leads to an increase in the length of horizontal or inclined drainage wells being constructed, a decrease in the energy intensity of the drilling process, and an expansion of the technical capabilities of the method for opening aquifers with high hydrostatic pressures. The claimed method has important practical application for drainage of flooded buildings, structures built on sand, the groundwater level in which, under the influence of various factors (industrial, natural, etc.), has risen above the basement levels of basement floors, as a result of which the so-called flooding of buildings has occurred, territories during the construction of radiation, including sub-channel water intakes. Since it has been proved that radiation drainage, despite its unreliability, is recognized as the most effective at the moment, giving it reliability due to process control and isolation of the reservoir being opened from the mouth is a significant and fundamental step that fundamentally changes the approach to the problems existing in this area. The claimed method is workable and when draining the sides of quarries, pits, draining underground mines. Introduction to the inventive method of the sign of drilling with an external string composed of filter pipes allows you to fundamentally optimize the processability by combining operations such as drilling, equipping the constructed drainage well with filters and strengthening its walls. This reduces in comparison with the prototype labor costs, energy consumption and increases reliability.

According to the prototype, the time of clean drilling, taken from 4 wells, is 4.12 hours, the installation time of the filters is 5.05 hours, the time of extraction of the protective column is 7.33 hours. From the above data it can be seen that the last two operations are approximately 3 times longer than production time associated with well drilling. And since the drive of the installation is also involved in all these operations, it is natural that the energy consumption is 3 times greater than when performing pure drilling of a well.

The rotation of the outer and inner columns, in the preferred embodiment, in antiphase reduces the likelihood of a well bending and eliminates the turn of the outer column when the inner column is rotated, for example, when removing sludge.

The essential features proposed in the method and device together make it possible to achieve optimal drilling regimes for drainage wells by axial force, torque, and rotational speed on the outer string. They are determining the depth of the construction of drainage wells under construction and, with regulated sand removal in the face, are determined by the following relationships:

where P is the axial force in the General case;

f is the coefficient of friction of sand on steel;

P ₂ - rock pressure in the volume of the set of natural pressure, t / m;

R _pk - the weight of the outer column together with the inner column, t / m;

L is the length of the drainage well, m;

P ₃ - axial force to destroy the rock (sand), t.

Since the outer column rotates, the total friction forces decompose into axial (P _OS ) and rotational (P _BP )

where β is the angle formed by the resulting and axial friction forces and, as applied to the complex movement of the external column, is translationally forward with a speed V _mech and rotational with a frequency n _T.

The angle β is determined by the following relationship:

where R is the radius of the outer column, m;

V _admission = V _fur ;

V _rotation - the rotation speed of the outer column, m / s. By setting the rotational speed of the outer string n _t and the mechanical drilling speed (V _mech ), the angle β is determined, and through it P _os and P _bp , and through them the torques on the outer string (M _t )

where D is the diameter of the outer column, m

The analysis of dependences 2, 3, 6 shows that an increase in the rotational speed of the outer string depending on the mechanical drilling speed reduces the friction forces to the translational rotation of the outer string by 3-6 times and increases the torques by 1.5-2 times. At the same time, it should be noted that an increase in the rotational speed of the external column over 0.06 s ^-1 (4 rpm) does not significantly affect the change in the friction forces to the translational motion and torques, which makes it possible to reach optimal axial forces during drilling, determined as minimal with a minimum collapse arch formed above the external column and its rotation frequency in the range of 0.5-3.0 rpm. Such an analysis shows that the smaller the magnitude of the friction forces caused by rock pressure, the greater the possibility of increasing the length of the constructed drainage wells.

The implementation in the device of additional through horizontal half-channels in the form of hemispheres along the diameter of the cylindrical cavity of the cylindrical half-ring, mounted with an emphasis on the end face of the cylindrical recess on the inner surface of the drill head, provides, in the preferred case, the execution of the device, improving the removal of rocks.

The claimed filter pipe protects the filter surfaces from mechanical stress and enhances the functionality of the device, i.e. the ability to use the latter as a drill pipe.

So, the implementation of round through holes of the proposed form of the claimed restrictions, i.e. so that the step height from the side of the upper surface of the filter pipe exceeds the height of the filter element, it makes it possible to drown, i.e. protect the filter element, place it in the cavity of the pipe wall, which, on the one hand, completely eliminates the mechanical impact on the filter surface during transportation and drilling with an external column composed of the proposed filters, on the other hand, sand that settles on the filter surface to the surface level the filter pipe will create a sanding over each filter element, which improves the filtering properties, which allows you to expand the filtering capabilities of the filter pipe. The implementation of the filter element in the form of a cylindrical tablet of filter material allows you to adjust the filter duty depending on the drilling conditions and the characteristics of the aquifer, and the rigid fastening, carried out, for example, by pressing, does not greatly complicate the manufacturing technology of the filter compared to the prototype and is more simplified in comparison with the manufacture of other types of filters.

The supply of the filter pipe with fixing rings according to the number of round through holes with an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the filter elements makes it possible to strengthen the fastening of these filter elements, simplify the fastening technology and increase the reliability of the filter pipe, and use corrosion-resistant mesh as a filter material for a cylindrical tablet material, such as stainless steel, improves filtration and filter performance. Similar technical results are achieved by supplying the filter pipe with through holes with filter elements according to the number of through holes with a configuration that repeats the shape of the through holes, ensuring their tight installation in these through holes on the additional through locking elements according to the number of through holes with the configuration also repeating the shape of these through holes holes, the width of which is sufficient to hold the filter elements on them, and installed at the depth of the through hole, exceeding the height of these filter elements.

An external column, composed of the described filter pipe options, has the necessary rigidity and a surface that provides low resistance when drilling, which reduces resistance when it rotates and moves forward, can withstand high axial loads and freely pass water and dusty particles of the formation located in the pore space sand skeleton, while the diameter of the holes of the filter element should prevent the removal of sand constituting its skeleton, that is, sand particles corresponding to d 50 ranulometricheskogo structure that protects the formation from the fracture.

Thus, the proposed combination of features for the claimed method, installation and filter pipe (options) is sufficient to solve the problem and achieve technical results.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

- figure 1. General view of the installation for the construction of a horizontal or inclined drainage well in flooded sandy horizons.

- figure 2. The outer and inner columns and the element for the destruction of the rock and overlap the end of the outer column at the time of drilling.

- figure 3. General view of the filter pipe with a filter element.

- figure 4. A hole in the filter pipe with a filter element and a mounting ring.

- figure 5. Variant of a filter pipe with a lock ring.

Installation for the construction of a horizontal or inclined well in flooded sandy horizons (Fig. 1) is an oil station 1 (usually installed on surface 2), as well as a control panel 3 and a drilling unit, which contains a rotator 4 of the outer column 5, a rotator 6 of the inner column 7 , coaxial outer column 5 and inner column 7, the corresponding surfaces of which form the annular space. The axial force and torque are transmitted from the rotator 4 to the external column 5 with a special cartridge 8, the external column 5 is held while the sections are screwed and unscrewed with a hydraulic wrench 9. The rotators are placed on a movable frame 10, which moves forward and backward along a stationary frame 11. External the column 5 is equipped with a drill head 12, which is a continuation of the outer column 5 and has a cutting edge 13. The inner column 7 is provided with an element for breaking the rock and blocking the end of the outer column 5 in the form of a bit 14 with corona 15 and shank 16. The outer column 5 includes filter pipes 17 with round through holes 18. The drill head 12 has a continuous cylindrical surface and its outer diameter is 1.1-1.15 of the outer diameter of the filter pipes 17.

Part of the drill head 12 is isolated from the filter part of the outer column in the annulus 19 by the sealant 20 with the formation in the bottomhole part of the annulus of the hydraulic chamber 21, mounted on the inner surface of the drill head 12. The length of the hydraulic chamber 21 is determined by the formula

l = dtgφ,

where l is the length of the hydraulic chamber;

d is the diameter of the drill head;

φ is the angle of internal friction of sand under water,

while the sealant 20 is equipped with check valves 22, configured to open under pressure the fluid in the hydraulic chamber 21, close to or equal to the reservoir. A cylindrical recess 23 is made in the inner surface of the drill head 12 from the bottom side. The depth and length of this cylindrical recess 23 are sufficient to establish one of the parts of an additional composite mechanical shutter with a stop in its end face 24, as well as a bit 14 with a crown 15 and a shank 16 An additional composite mechanical shutter consists of two parts, one of which is a cylindrical ring 25, coaxial with the outer column 5 and the inner column 7. The cylindrical ring 25 has an inner cavity in the shape of a mustache cone 26, turning into a cylindrical cavity (not shown), the diameter of which in practice is 1.1-1.15 of the diameter of the shank 16 of the bit 14. The back of the bit 14 has a conical surface and is another part of an additional composite mechanical shutter. Provided that the angles formed by the generatrix of the conical cavity 26 of the cylindrical ring 25, forming the conical surface of the back side of the bit 14 and the angle of effective cutting of soft rocks are equal, a gap 27 is formed. When, for example, the inner column 7 is extended, the width of the gap 27 changes and a taper angle equal to angle of effective cutting of soft rocks 60-45 °. According to the diameter of the cylindrical cavity (not shown) of the cylindrical ring 25, additional through horizontal hemispheres 28 in the form of a hemisphere are made.

The bottomhole part of the outer column 5 and the inner column 7 for clarity in figure 2 is conditionally divided into three functional zones:

A - zone of mechanical regulation;

In - a zone of a hydraulic lock;

C is the zone of communication of the air atmosphere with the annular space.

As the filter pipes in the inventive installation, it is most advisable to use a filter pipe (Fig. 3), in which the round through holes are made in one step, the diameter of the round through hole from the outer surface 29 of the filter pipe is larger than the diameter of the round through hole from the inner surface 30 a filter pipe, and the height h ₁ on the outer surface of a filter tube exceeds the height h ₂ of the filter element 31 (Figures 5 and 4), made in the form of a cylindrical tablet with a diameter Trom providing the possibility of its fitting on the annular step 32 in each round through hole from the outer surface 29 of a filter tube, the width of which should be sufficient to retain the filter element 31 from falling into a filter tube.

The fastening of the filter elements 31 in the round through holes of the filter pipe in the preferred embodiment can be performed using fastening rings according to the number of round through holes with an outer diameter of the ring equal to the diameter of the filter element.

An embodiment may be a filter pipe having through holes (Fig. 5), which is also equipped with filter elements 31 according to the number of through holes 34 with a configuration that repeats the shape of the filter elements 31, ensuring their tight installation in these through holes on additional through locking elements ( not shown) by the number of through holes with a configuration also repeating the shape of these through holes, the width of which is sufficient to hold the filter elements 31 on them, while additional Fuss stopper member 35 mounted in the through hole to a depth greater than the height of the filter element.

As a filter material for cylindrical tablets, in a preferred example, a mesh of corrosion-resistant material (stainless steel) is used.

The method is as follows: mount the installation for the construction of a horizontal or inclined well along the pit, connect the oil station 1 to a power source (not shown) and using pipelines with a control panel 3, and the latter with a rotator 4 of the outer column 5 and a rotator 6 of the inner column 7 , check the direction of drilling, the operation of the hydraulic key 9, the cartridge 8. Assemble the drill head 12, in which the seal 20 is installed with check valves 22 of the column 5, forming a hydraulic chamber 21 of length l = d · tgφ. The inner cylindrical ring 25 is inserted into the drill head 12 and secured with a locking screw (not shown).

A pipe (not shown) of the inner column 7 with slots for the shank 16 of the bit 14 is inserted into the fixed drill head 12 and a bit 14 with a crown 15 is inserted through the end of the drill head 12, the back of which having a conical surface is one part of an additional composite mechanical shutter , and connected to a pipe (not shown), forming an inner column. Then the filter pipes 17 of the outer column are increased and, having clamped the assembled filter column 5 in the cartridge 8, by rotation they are connected to the drill head 12, previously clamped in the hydro-fluid 9. Having assembled such an arrangement, the inner column 7 is connected to the rotator 6.

After the assembly of the outer column 5 and the inner column 7, as shown in Fig. 1, the machine chuck 8 is opened and the inner column 7 is fed forward (backward), the value (calculated) of the gap 27 between the conical surfaces of the cylindrical ring 25 and the back of the bit 14 is set. After clamping the outer column 5 in the cartridge 8, the hydraulic key 9 is opened and the assembled projectile is introduced forward into the soil by feeding the movable frame 10, after which the rotation of the inner column 7 is turned on, then the outer column 5 is turned on, the washing liquid and the feed forward.

In this case, the value of the drilling parameters is determined in advance. As such parameters, the rotation frequency of the filter column, the flow rate of the flushing fluid, the axial force at the bottom and the clearance through which the discharge rock leaves the bottom are used.

The value of the axial force is chosen so that the mechanical drilling speed is not higher than the calculated one, at which the volume of the destroyed rock does not exceed 1.15 of the volume of the well.

The rotation of the outer column 5 and the inner column 7 is carried out either in one direction or in antiphase, while the latter reduces the likelihood of curvature of the well and prevents the turn of the outer column 5 during rotation of the inner column when removing the sludge.

An important place is taken by the control of pressure and flow rate of flushing fluid. Its flow rate should be sufficient to completely remove the sludge, and the pressure is such as to prevent the formation from absorbing fluid

When drilling in unstable flooded sands, the key parameter is the rotational speed of the outer string 5.

It has been proved by practical data that at the beginning of drilling with small friction forces on the external column 5, the rotation frequency of the filter pipes should be minimal η _t = 0.5-1.0 rpm. With an increase in the friction forces, it is very difficult to maintain the rotation frequency within these limits, since at high resistance to rotational motion, the rotary motor stops at such speeds (all the oil goes into drainage) and it is necessary to increase the speed to 3 rpm.

An increase in the frequency of rotation of the outer string 5 above 3 rpm leads to bending of the wells. Therefore, the optimal frequency for the outer column 5 is 0.5-3.0 rpm.

The rotation frequency of the inner column 7 has a significant role in the intensity of the destruction of the rock. For sand, its optimal range is 80-110 or 80-120 rpm, at which the method is still workable. The removal of the destroyed rock is carried out by washing liquid through the check valves 22 of the sealant 20, which are configured to open at a pressure close to or equal to the reservoir pressure, drainage of water is carried out through the filter part of the outer column 5 of the annular space 19. In addition, the rock removal is further controlled by changing the clearance 27 between the conical cavity 26 of the cylindrical ring 25, which is one of the parts of the additional composite mechanical shutter, mounted with an emphasis on the end face 24 qi an indian recess 23 made in the inner surface of the drill head 12 and the conical surface of the back of the bit 14, which is another part of the additional composite mechanical shutter, by moving horizontally one of its parts relative to the other, provided that the angles formed by the generators of these surfaces are equal to the angle effective cutting of soft rocks. This process is carried out by displacing either one column or both.

The improvement of the sand removal process is provided by supplying the device, in the preferred case, with additional through horizontal hemispheres in the form of hemispheres, which leads to an improvement in the dynamics of the process.

The claimed filter pipe options allow for the minimum resistance of the outer column 5 during drilling and protect the surface of the filter elements 31 recessed in the wall of the filter pipe 17 by exceeding the height h ₁ from the outer surface of the height h _{2 of the} filter element 31. When drilling with an external column 5, sand it settles on the surface of each filter element 31, creating a sand sprinkling above it, as a result of which the degree of purification of the water entering the filter elements 31 increases.

The practical applicability of the method, installation and filter pipe options are shown in the following examples.

Example 1

KMA iron ore deposit.

Extraction is conducted in an open way.

The field is represented by flooded Cenomanian-Albian sands up to 30 m thick. The sands are heterogeneous in composition: they are fine-grained at the top, and gravel at the very bottom with high filtration coefficients.

Currently, non-working sides of the quarry due to failing previously constructed drainage systems require additional measures.

The inventive installation is constructed in the drainable side of the quarry horizontal drainage well by drilling due to the transfer of axial force to the face through the outer pipe string with a cutting edge and the inner column, on which the bit with the crown is installed. The back of the bit has a conical surface. The equipment of the well being constructed with filter pipes is carried out during the drilling process. As filter pipes, stainless steel metal pipes with round through holes made in one step were used, in each of which a filter element in the form of a cylindrical tablet was installed, and a stainless steel mesh was used as a filter material for it. The height of the round through hole from the outer surface of the filter pipe exceeds the height of the filter element by 1.4 times. The filter duty is 37% (depending on K _f sand).

At the end of the external filter column, a drill head is installed, while the diameter of the filter pipe is 168 mm, the outer diameter of the drill head is 190 mm, which is a ratio of 1.1, which is the minimum within the claimed limits. A hydraulic chamber with a length l equal to 600 mm, calculated by the formula l = α · tgφ, is formed in the drill head and filled with flushing liquid to a pressure equal to the reservoir pressure. The rotation of the outer column is carried out at a frequency of from 1 rpm to 3.0 rpm. Increasing the speed above the claimed limit dramatically increases the axial forces and the curvature of the drainage well. The rotation of the inner column is carried out depending on the situation in the range of 80-120.0 rpm Going beyond these limits leads to an unjustified increase in energy costs. The rotation of the inner and outer columns is carried out in one direction. The removal of the destroyed rock is carried out using flushing fluid through the check valves of the sealant, which is adjusted to a pressure equal to the reservoir pressure, the drainage water is drained through the filter part of the annular space. The removal of rock (sand) through the valves of the sealant is controlled by changing the width of the gap of the additional composite mechanical shutter by moving the bit on the inner column. The angles formed by forming the conical surface of the cylindrical ring, the conical surface of the back of the bit and the angle of effective cutting of soft rocks are equal and equal to 45-60 °.

Indicators

Mechanical drilling speed (V _mech ), m / h 35

Technical speed (including build-up, extraction of the inner column), m / h 20

Labor input, times 0.3

Energy intensity, times 0.3

Length of a drainage well, m 65

Reliability,% 100

Example 2

In example 1. An inclined drainage well is constructed. During drilling, the entire claimed range of rotation frequencies of the external 0.5-3.0 rpm and the internal 80-120 rpm of the columns was tested. Drilling is carried out in antiphase. The angle of inclination of the well being constructed is 3.0 °. The ratio of the outer diameter of the drill head and the outer diameter of the filter pipe is 1.15, the check valves of the sealant for outputting the destroyed rock from the bottom by the flow of flushing fluid are configured to open under fluid pressure in a hydraulic chamber close to the reservoir. As a filter pipe, filter pipes with a duty cycle of 5% were used with a filter element in the form of a cylindrical tablet made of stainless steel mesh installed inside each through hole on the snap ring. The ratio of the depth of installation of the retaining ring to the height of the filter element is 1.4. The rock (sand) is also removed through additional through horizontal channels.

Indicators:

Mechanical drilling speed 30

V _fur , m / h

Technical drilling speed

(including extension, extraction

inner column), m / h 18

Labor input, times 0.3

Energy intensity, times 0.3

The length of the filter drainage well, m 70

Reliability,% 100

Example 3

The conditions for the implementation of the method is the construction of a horizontal drainage well from the shaft in aquifers, when the groundwater level exceeds the pressure above the wellhead and its value remains constant along the entire length of the well. The pressure is 4-5 m water column.

Drilling is carried out according to example 1, only previously in the lining of the shaft shaft a special sealant is installed, which, tightly compressing the filter column, prevents sand breakthrough due to the lining of the shaft. The introduction of the drill head with a sealant, with check valves in the reservoir is carried out with the closed additional composite mechanical shutter. After introducing the drill head into the formation, the mud pump is turned on and a hydraulic chamber 600 mm long is formed in the drill head and filled, creating a water seal, with flushing fluid to a pressure equal to the reservoir. Then, by supplying the inner column, the shutter is opened slightly, the rotation of the inner and then the outer columns is turned on, and both columns are fed forward, adjusting the gap width experimentally. Drilling was carried out during the rotation of the outer and inner columns in antiphase. During drilling, the rotational speeds of the outer casing and the inner casing were tested in the ranges: outer casing 1-3 rpm, inner 80-100 rpm.

The filter pipe of example 1 is additionally equipped with mounting rings for the number of holes with an external diameter equal to the diameter of the filter element.

Indicators:

Mechanical drilling speed 25

V _fur , m / h

Technical drilling speed

(including extension,

wellhead installation,

extraction of the inner column), m / h 15

Labor input, times 0.35

Energy intensity, times 0.35

Length of a drainage well, m 70

Reliability,% 100

Example 4

A horizontal drainage well was constructed in the conditions of example 1 using the ULB-130 installation (according to the prototype).

Indicators:

Mechanical drilling speed 35

V _max , m / h

Technical drilling speed

(including extension, landing

filters extraction

protective columns), m / h 4,5

Labor input, times 1

Energy intensity, times 1

The length of the drainage well, m 50

Reliability,% 30

As can be seen from examples 1-3, the method, the construction of a horizontal or inclined drainage well in flooded sandy horizons, installation and filter pipe (options) are operable within the stated limits. With the method of constructing a horizontal drainage well, including drilling in antiphase, a noticeable increase in the drilling speed and the length of the constructed drainage wells has not been established. However, the danger of column reversal during prolonged rotation of the inner column is excluded. The increase in the outer diameter of the drill head, which has a continuous cylindrical surface compared to the diameter of the filter pipes of the outer column within the stated limits, allows to obtain softening of sand around the filter, to improve the condition for the removal of fine dust fractions. This leads to the formation of a zone with increased permeability around the outer column and an increase in well production. Compared to the prototype, such important indicators as labor intensity (3.3 times), energy intensity (3.3 times), and the length of the constructed drainage well (more than 2 times) and reliability (70%) were significantly reduced.

The use of the declared variants of filter pipes as a part of an external column with filter elements recessed in the pipe wall, for example, in the form of a cylindrical tablet made of filter material, can reduce the resistance when moving the filter pipe during drilling. The use of a mesh of corrosion-resistant material (stainless steel) as a filter material increases the filter pipe life. Both versions of the filter pipes are operational and allow you to implement the claimed method. The use of mounting rings according to the number of round through holes with an outer diameter of the ring equal to the diameter of the filter elements increases the reliability of the filter pipe.

Thus, the implementation of the claimed invention allows to completely solve the problem and create the optimal reliable method for constructing a horizontal or inclined drainage well in flooded sandy horizons and competitive technical means for its implementation, which ensures its practical applicability and safety.

Claims (8)

1. A method of constructing a horizontal or inclined drainage well in flooded sandy rocks, including drilling by transmitting axial thrust to the face through an external pipe string with a cutting edge and an internal column, on which an element is installed to destroy the rock and block the end of the external column for stop periods for pipe extension and operation with regulation of the removal of rock in the form of sand, the supply of flushing fluid, the removal of the destroyed rock with flushing fluid, the equipment of the well being constructed filter pipes, drainage of water through the internal cavity of the filter pipes, characterized in that the equipment of the well being constructed with filter pipes is carried out during drilling by including filter pipes and a drill head having a continuous cylindrical surface with an outer diameter of 1.1-1 , 15 of the outer diameter of the filter pipes, and a bit with a conical back side is installed on the inner column as an element for rock destruction and overlapping the end of the outer column the surface, and with a crown, a hydraulic chamber is formed in the drill head by separating it from the filter annular space with a sealant with check valves, with a hydraulic chamber length determined by the formula l = d tgφ, where l is the length of the hydraulic chamber; d is the diameter of the drill head; φ is the angle of internal friction of sand under water, the hydraulic chamber is filled, creating a water seal, with flushing fluid to a pressure close to or equal to the reservoir pressure, drilling is carried out by rotating the outer column at a frequency in the range of 0.5-3.0 rpm, and the inner one - 80.0-120.0 rpm , the removal of the destroyed rock is carried out with flushing liquid through the check valves of the sealant, which are configured to open at a pressure close to or equal to the reservoir pressure, drainage of water is carried out through the cavity of the outer column, the removal of the rock in the form of sand is controlled by changing the value of the gap between the conical surface of the inner cavity of the cylindrical ring, which is one of the parts of the additional composite mechanical shutter, mounted with an emphasis on the end face of the cylindrical recess made in the inner surface of the drill head and the conical surface of the back of the bit, which is another part of this additional composite mechanical shutter, by moving horizontally of at least one of these parts relative to the other, provided that the angles formed form of these surfaces and the effective angle of the cutting softwood. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of the outer and inner pipe columns is carried out in antiphase. 3. Installation for the construction of a horizontal or inclined drainage well in flooded sandy horizons, including a control panel and a drilling unit, which contains an external column rotator, an internal column rotator, coaxial outer and inner pipe columns, due to the corresponding surfaces of which an annular space is formed, a cutting edge at the end of the outer column and an element for breaking up the rock and blocking the end of the outer column for a period of stops for pipe extension and operation, distinguishing The fact that the external column includes filter pipes and is equipped in the bottomhole with a drill head having a continuous cylindrical surface, the outer diameter of which is 1.1-1.15 of the outer diameter of the filter pipes, and a sealant is installed inside the drill head, with the possibility of creating the sealant is the end face of the external column of the hydraulic chamber with a fluid pressure close to or equal to the reservoir pressure and the length determined by the formula l = d tgφ, where l is the length of the hydraulic chamber; d is the diameter of the drill head; φ is the angle of internal friction of sand under water, the annular sealant is equipped with non-return valves for removing the destroyed rock from the bottom with a flushing fluid flow, configured to open under pressure of a fluid in the hydraulic chamber that is close to or equal to the reservoir, and a cylindrical recess is made on the bottom side of the drill head, the depth and length of which are sufficient to establishing, with an emphasis on the end of this cylindrical recess, one of the parts of an additional composite mechanical shutter in the form of a cylindrical ring with an internal cavity in the shape of a truncated cone, turning into a cylindrical cavity and facing the bottom with the base of this cone, as well as an element for rock destruction and overlapping the end of the outer string, in which the drilling unit contains a bit, with the back having a conical surface, which is another part of the additional component mechanical shutter, forming a gap with a conical cavity of a cylindrical ring, provided that the angles formed by the generatrix of this conical cavity forming the conical surface and the back side of the bit angle of effective cutting softwood. 4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that, through the diameter of the cylindrical cavity of the cylindrical ring, additional through horizontal half-channels in the form of hemispheres are made. 5. A filter pipe in which round through holes are made, characterized in that the round through holes are made in one step, wherein the diameter of the round through hole from the outer surface of the filter pipe is larger than the diameter of the round through hole from the inner surface of the filter pipe, and the stage height is side of the outer surface of the filter pipe exceeds the height of the filter element, made in the form of a cylindrical tablet of filter material, with a diameter of cylindrical th tablet, providing the possibility of its tight fit on the annular step in each round through hole on the side of the outer surface of the filter pipe. 6. The filter pipe according to claim 5, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with mounting rings according to the number of round through holes with an outer diameter of the ring equal to the diameter of the filter element. 7. The filter pipe according to claim 5, characterized in that a mesh of corrosion-resistant material is used as a filter material for cylindrical tablets. 8. A filter pipe having through holes, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with filter elements according to the number of through holes with a configuration that repeats the shape of through holes, ensuring their tight installation in these through holes on additional through stop elements according to the number of through holes with a configuration, also repeating the shape of these through holes, the width of which is sufficient to hold the filter elements on them, and installed at a depth of through holes greater than the height of the filter elements.

Images