RU2401377C2 - Method of constructing uphole to drill in one or more pressure loose water-bearing horizons and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: proposed invention comprises using uphole of outer string with filtration section aligned with drill string that doubles as protective string that, thanks to high torques can overcome friction forces caused by rock pressure, producing water column in annular space between hoe walls and outer string solid part outer surface equal to the height of column from its sealer to filtration part that kills hydrostatic pressure of local water, and using a controlled gap between outer and drill strings to generated throttling effect of releasing water-sand mix from the bed.

EFFECT: reduced load on drill and outer strings, possibility to control drilling height.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used for drainage and water intake by opening uprising or oblique-rising drainage wells of one or two aquifers composed of unstable rocks, in particular sand.

From the world technical level, there is a known method for opening a high-pressure aquifer by a rising or deviating well, implemented by a device for opening a water-bearing stratum. According to this method, the opening of the pressure horizon by a rising drainage well is carried out by a drilling rig, including a drilling unit, oil station, control panel and mud pump. The drilling unit has a lower base on which a pivot frame is mounted, with which a predetermined zenith angle and a strut are mounted, which holds the pivot frame in a predetermined position. The rotator of the drill (or filter) string moves along the guides of the rotary frame and develops a rotational speed of up to 150 rpm and a torque of up to 150 kg · m, sufficient to rotate the drill string and effectively destroy the rock with a chisel. To transmit the axial force to the drilling tool, the feed cylinder rod is rigidly fixed on the rear plate of the rotary frame, and the hydraulic cylinder is also rigidly connected to the drill string rotator. A drilling rig is installed in a mine, a well is drilled under a conductor, and it is fixed in a well. The conductor serves as the base of the wellhead, which includes a body with a valve, a drill string sealant and a branch pipe with a valve. After installation of the wellhead, the sealant is removed, installed on the drill string, after which an adapter with roller cone is installed on the drill string, and the assembled assembly is introduced into the wellhead body, having previously opened the valve. They feed the drilling tool to the bottom and drill through hard rocks to the estimated depth of the well, leaving a jumper of hard rock. The drill string is removed, and the opening of the remaining bridge over the aquifer is carried out by a column consisting of a section of blind pipes having the same wall thickness, the upper part of which is made in the form of a filter. The length of the filter part is 5-6 m. An adapter with a check valve and rock cutting tool is installed on the head filter. To supply flushing fluid to the drill bit, water supply (packer) tubes are screwed into the adapter on the left-hand thread. Their lengths exceed the length of the filter part by 0.5-1.0 m. A packer with an adapter is installed on the lower end of the packer tubes in the blind part of the filter column. After opening the aquifer to a predetermined depth with a special string, the diameter of which is less than the inner diameter of the filter string, the packer is removed and drainage water begins to flow through the filter string with a flow rate equal to the maximum productivity of the well [Acceptance test report and implementation of the UDB-8 drilling rig "Code 1.5-5 (73) -A-10-83 No. State. Registration 01830012022, Belgorod, pp. 7-11].

A disadvantage of the known drilling rig is the low reliability of the connecting elements of the filter string, uncontrolled release of sand from the formation, compression of the filter string and limited drilling depth along the aquifer.

A known method and device for opening two aquifers, in which the opening of the first aquifer is carried out first by a column of large diameter, and the second aquifer by a filter column of a smaller diameter [A.S. No. 1461874, date publ. 02/28/89].

A known method of planting a filter in a rising drainage well, which provides for the partial removal of the non-perforated part of the filter column located in the area of the stable part of the rising well, thereby reducing metal consumption [A.S. No. 998733, date publ. 02/23/83].

The main disadvantages of the above methods and devices are the low reliability of the connecting elements of the filter column, which do not withstand high axial loads and torques when drilling hard rocks and when overcoming the friction forces that arise on the filter column in the conditions of its compression during drilling on unstable loose deposits of the aquifer, which cause breaks and sticking of the columns, low reliability of the packer tubes, the left threads of which at high revolutions and vibrations of the column they are. The absence of a mechanism for controlling the removal of sand under high hydrostatic pressure leads to large outbursts and creates a threat of flooding the mine. When the filter column is built up during the shutdown of the mud pump and the valve closes on the discharge line of the wellhead, sand settles in the annular space formed by the well wall and the outer surface of the filter column. This subsidence leads to compression of the filter column and tacking and is the main reason for the cessation of drilling along the aquifer, which does not exceed 4-5 m.

These shortcomings make the process of opening the aquifer very difficult, with large elements of the risk of accidents and complications in the well (low reliability), and most importantly uncontrollable due to the lack of a way to control the process of sand removal from the reservoir.

A known method of opening sandy aquifers with a horizontal well and a device for its implementation, including an oil station, a control panel, a drilling unit, which contains a rotator of the internal drill string, a rotator of the external drill string, coaxial internal and external pipe columns, the external can be a filter, each of the column has rock cutting tools, which in pair form a device capable of blocking the annular space formed by the inner surface during drilling awn protective tube and the outer surface of the drill string, and the period of operation and stops at the protective drilling cover the end of the column. To move in the axial direction, the rotators and the transmission of axial force to the rotator columns are mounted on one movable frame, which moves along the guides of the lower fixed frame. Moving the movable frame relatively motionless is carried out by the supply hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the motionless frame, and the other to the movable one.

The mechanization of screwing-unscrewing operations of the protective column is carried out by introducing into the design of the fixed frame a hydraulic key that keeps the column from turning. The rotator cartridge of the outer column provides the rotation of the column to the right or left. For the convenience of operations on the extension of the string, the rotator of the drill string with a separate hydraulic cylinder is guided along the guides perpendicular to the axis of the borehole to a distance that allows to freely build. The supply of flushing fluid to the bottom of the well is carried out by the mud pump through a swivel seal mounted on the spindle of the drill string rotator [П RU No. 2233373, date publ. 2004.07.27].

The device is intended only for drilling horizontal and slightly deviated wells in unstable rocks with a drillability category of 1 to 4 and is not applicable for drilling uprising wells in hard rocks.

Thus, at the known technical level there is no closest analogue both in terms of the set of essential features and in the technical results achieved.

The objective of the invention is to provide a reliable method for opening one uprising well of one or more pressureless loose aquifers with controlled removal of sand from the reservoir without sticking the filter column, as well as expanding the arsenal of devices for constructing an ascending vertical or inclined drainage well.

Technical results that can be achieved by using the invention are:

for the method:

- ensuring manufacturability;

- reduction of loads on the outer surface of the filter column;

- achievement of controlled removal of sand from the reservoir;

- an increase in the length of the rising well being constructed;

for the device:

- providing the possibility of opening a pressureless loose aquifer;

- expansion of functionality.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of the above results was made possible due to the fact that the method of constructing a rising well and opening one or more pressure fluffy aquifers is characterized by drilling on stable rocks to the aquifer with one drill string, and opening and drilling a pressure fluffy aquifer is protected by additional coaxial with it of the outer string, the upper part of which in the zone of the aquifer is a filter, while the outer and drill string they have one common feed and rotate with different revolutions, both columns at the upper end form an adjustable gap with the throttling effect for the discharge of drill cuttings and formation sand by displacing one or both columns along the vertical axis, before opening the pressureless loose aquifer into the annular space between a continuous section of the outer string and the walls of the well inject liquid to a pressure equal to the height of the column of flushing fluid from the sealant of the outer string to the start of its filter portion, and support it during the entire period of opening and drilling of this formation, prevention of breakthrough of sand through the internal cavity of the drill pipe string is carried out by a check valve, which is installed under the drilling tool, discharge of the liquid column when building the drill string is carried out through the check valve, which is installed in the discharge line the mud pump, the drill string during extension is held by hanging on the outer string by closing the adjustable gap, after the completion of the storm The outer casing is fixed, sealed in the conductor and removed, and the device for constructing an upright well and opening one or more pressure loose aquifers is characterized by the presence of a drilling unit, oil station, control panel, one or more drilling pumps, a drilling tool, an external casing, and a drilling columns, sealants of the outer and drill strings and the conductor, while the drilling unit includes a lower frame equipped with a hinge with an axis around which it rotates from 0 to 90 degrees upward, the lower base of the drilling unit, the device fixing the zenith angle of rotation, the guides along which the moving frame moves the feed cylinder, the drill string rotator, equipped with a swivel seal for supplying flushing fluid to the drilling tool, and the external column rotator, equipped with a through spindle on which an external column gripping device is installed with the possibility of transmitting large torques at low rotational speeds, providing overcome e of the friction forces against the rock during its translational movement, the drilling unit is also equipped with a gripping device to enable screwing and unscrewing of drill and filter columns, the rotators are fed back and forth by the feed hydraulic cylinder, the fixed end of which is fixed to the lower base of the drilling unit, and the rod - on the movable frame, the drillstring rotator is equipped with a device with the possibility of its removal perpendicular to the axis of the well along the guides mounted on the movable frame, head sec The outer casing section is equipped with a support fifth fixed in it at the top with the possibility of forming a locking device with a drill string adapter for holding the drill string in weight and controlling the removal of drill cuttings and sand, a relief valve is installed in the discharge line of the drilling pump, and a check valve is installed under the drilling tool valve. To expand the range of application of the method in difficult hydrogeological conditions by ensuring the operation of two horizons, sections of filters are included in the composition of the external column, the parameters of which correspond to the characteristics of the aquifer in which they are installed.

The use of an external column with a filter part, coaxial with the drill string and which is protective against it, when opening up loose aquifers by a rising well, which is able to overcome frictional forces caused by rock pressure due to low rotational speeds and creating an annular space between the walls of the well and the outer surface of the solid part of the outer column of the liquid column, equal to the height of the column from its sealant to the filter part, which extinguishes the hydrostatic op formation waters, as well as administration of a controlled clearance between the exterior and the drill string, creating a throttling effect release vodopeschanoy mixture from the formation, reduces loads on the drill and an outer column enable control drilling depth and volume carried out of the formation sand.

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1. Device for constructing a rising well and opening one or more horizons: a drilling unit, oil station, control panel, drill pump, drilling tool, an external string, a drill string, an external string sealant, a conductor, a lower frame, an axis, a rotary frame, an anti-aircraft fixing device rotation angle, guides, feed hydraulic cylinder, movable frame, drill string rotator, swivel oil seal, outer string rotator, feedthrough spindle, outer string capture device, drill pipe capture device onny, heel support, the adapter, the clamping device, the underwater pipe, valves, pressure gauge and discharge line, the bleed valve. General form.

Figure 2. Drilling tools, an outer string, a drill string, a support heel, an adapter, a check valve, a disk, and tear-off elements are shown.

A device for constructing a rising well and opening one or more pressurized loose aquifers includes a drilling unit 1 (Fig. 1), an oil station 2, a control panel 3, a mud pump 4, a drilling tool 5, an external 6 column with an upper filter section, a drilling column 7 and a sealant 8 of the outer 6 columns, a conductor 9 and a sealant (not shown) of the drill string 7. The drilling unit 1 includes a lower frame 10 provided with a hinge (not shown) with an axis 11, around which the rotary frame 12 of the drilling unit 1 rotates from 0 to 90 degrees upward. A device 13 is also located on the lower frame 10 for fixing the anti-aircraft angle of rotation of the rotary frame 12 , guides 14, along which the movable frame 16 moves by the feed cylinder 15. The rotator 17 of the drill string 7 is mounted on the movable frame 16, provided with a swivel seal 18 for supplying flushing fluid to the drilling tool 5, and the rotator 19 of the outer 6 columns . Rotators 17 and 19 are provided with independent drives (not shown). The rotator 19 of the outer 6 columns is equipped with a through spindle 20, on which a gripping device 21 of this column is installed with the possibility of transmitting large torques at low rotational speeds, providing overcoming of friction against the rock during its translational motion. To mechanize the operation of screwing and unscrewing, the drilling unit 1 is also equipped with a gripping device 22 in the form of a hydraulic key to enable screwing-unscrewing of the outer 6 columns. The feed of the rotators back and forth is carried out by the feed cylinder 15, the fixed end of which is fixed on the rotary frame 12 of the drilling unit 1, and the rod (not shown) on the movable frame 16. The rotator 17 of the drill string 7 is equipped with a device (not shown) with the possibility of its removal perpendicularly the axis of the well (not shown) along the guides 23 mounted on the movable frame 16, the head section of the outer 6 columns is equipped with a conical supporting heel 24 fixed at the top with the possibility of forming a locking device (not shown) with a transition ICOM drilling tool 25 5 drill column 7, for retaining the drill column 7 in the air, as well as control the removal of drill cuttings and sand. To seal the annular space (not shown) between the outer surface of the outer 6 columns, the walls of the well and the conductor 9, a sealant 8 and a clamping device 26 are mounted on it, which, if necessary, keeps the outer 6 columns suspended. To supply fluid to the annular space, the conductor 9 is equipped with an underwater pipe 27 with shutoff valves 28. A pressure gauge 29 is installed to measure the fluid pressure in the annular space in the discharge line (not shown). Considering the small increase in annular space associated with deepening of the well and possible technological fluid leaks through the sealant 8 it is necessary to make up for its loss. To do this, use a mud pump 4. Maintenance in the annular space (not shown) between the walls of the well and the outer 6 column of the calculated hydrostatic level allows you to control the process of extinguishing the hydrostatic pressure of the formation water.

After the well is drilled to the calculated depth, the end face of the outer 6 casing is closed by the drilling tool 5, and the drill 7 casing is disconnected from the drilling tool 5. To perform these operations, the device is equipped (Fig. 1) with a conical supporting heel 24, which is mounted on the head section of the outer 6 casing. When moving down the drill string 7, the counter conical surface of the adapter 25 having a check valve 30 (FIG. 2) enters the conical supporting heel 24 to prevent formation sand from flowing through the inner cavity of the drill string 7. A disk 31 is mounted on the reverse side of the adapter 25, which is connected to the drill string 7 via tear-off elements 32. When it is fed with a design force downward, the tear-off elements 32 are destroyed. Drill 7 column reliably overlaps the end face of the outer 6 columns.

To remove the hydrostatic pressure inside the drill string 7 when removing it in the discharge line 33 of the mud pump 4, a relief valve 34 is installed. To drain fluid from the annular space between the outer 6 string and the drill 7 string when removing the latter, a similar design is installed on the sealant 8 of the outer 6 string. drill string sealant 7 (not shown). After removing the drill string 7, a service valve with a branch pipe (not shown) is installed.

A method of constructing a rising well and opening one or more loose aquifers is as follows. An uprising well in stable rocks is constructed by rotating the drill string 7 with the rotator 17, leaving a protective bridge (not shown) from hard rocks 3-5 m thick in front of the base of the loose aquifer, the rotator 19 being used as a guide for the drill string 7. The opening of the protective bridge and the drilling of a pressureless loose aquifer is carried out under the protection of the outer 6 columns, the upper part of which is performed by a filter. The outer 6 column has a common axis of rotation with the drill 7 column and one common feed. When drilling the outer 6 column rotator 19 rotate with a low frequency, and the drill 7 column rotate with a high frequency. Both columns at the upper end form between themselves an adjustable gap (not shown) with the effect of throttling to release drill cuttings and formation sand. To achieve this result, one or both columns are displaced along the vertical axis relative to each other. Before opening the pressureless loose aquifer into the annular space between the outer surface of the continuous section of the outer 6 columns and the borehole walls of the mud pump 4 (not shown), liquid is pumped through the inlet pipe 27 to a pressure equal to the height of the wash liquid column from the sealant 8 of the outer column 6 before it starts filter part, and support it during the entire period of opening and drilling of this formation. Elimination of breakthrough of formation sand through the internal cavity (not shown) of the drill string 7 is carried out using a check valve 30 installed under the drilling tool 5.

The discharge of the column of flushing fluid located in the drill string 7, when building it, is carried out through the relief valve 34, which is installed in the discharge line 33 of the mud pump 4.

The retention of the drill string 7 when building from falling down is carried out by installing the adapter 25 of the drill string 7 on the conical surface of the support heel 24 at the end of the outer string, i.e. hanging it by weight. In this case, the gap (not shown) through which the sandy mixture flows from the bottom of the well is completely blocked by vertical mixing of one or two columns.

After drilling, the outer 6 column is fixed with a clamping device 26 in the conductor 9, disconnect it from the seal 8, install the sealant (not shown) of the drill 7 column, disconnect it from the drilling tool 5. After removing the drill 7 column, a valve with a discharge pipe is installed instead of its sealant (not shown).

The practical application of the proposed method and device is shown in the following example.

Example.

Characterization of drained soils.

Two aquifers are involved in the flooding of the ore body: the Cenomanian-Albian and the Batian, composed of sands of different grains. The distance from the roof to the first aquifer is 80 m. The rocks are represented by quartzites, partially affected by weathering with a drillability category of IX-X. The aquifer is represented by sand. Between the first and second aquifers lies a confinement, represented mainly by clays.

A chamber with dimensions of 6 × 6 × 3.5 was built in the underground mining. Equipment was delivered and mounted into the chamber, electricity and water supply were supplied. The lower frame of the drilling unit is fixed in the chamber using an anchor pre-installed on the installation site.

Well design.

Interval 0-5 m:

- drilling one drill string - diameter of the drill string, mm 89 - diameter of the drilling tool, mm 215 - diameter of the conductor, mm 168 × 7 - cementation of the annular space provided with a water-cement solution   in the ratio B / C = 0.5

Interval 5-76 m:

- drilling one drill string - diameter of the drill string, mm 89 - diameter of the drilling tool, mm 146

Interval 76-125 m:

- well drilling drill string and outer string - diameter of the drill string, mm 89 - diameter of the drilling tool (roller cone) on the drill string, mm 132 - diameter of the outer column, mm 127

The end of the outer column is reinforced with hard alloy and a supporting heel with a conical surface. The interval of the filter parts of the outer column: 80-85; 115-123 m. The filter material is a stainless steel pipe with slotted laser perforation with a slit width of 0.5-1.5 mm.

The drill string includes a cone bit, an adapter with a check valve, a tear-off disk and a conical surface with an angle equal to the angle of the conical surface of the supporting heel, and tear-off elements as a drilling tool.

After preparatory work related to the installation of the device, lifting the drilling unit to a predetermined zenith angle, fixing it, assembling the discharge line of the mud pumps, connecting the power supply, and strapping the hydraulic units, the wells begin to drill.

Drilling under the conductor is carried out with a diamond crown with a diameter of 200 mm with periodic core extraction every 0.5 m or with a cone bit 215 mm in diameter. After driving 5 m, a conductor is installed in the well and the annular space between the walls of the well and the outer surface of the conductor is cemented.

After OZZ check the reliability of the mounting of the conductor, on the drill string set cone bit with a diameter of 146 mm OK type and continue drilling up to 76 m, leaving a jumper of hard rock, equal to 4 m

For drilling along an aquifer, an assembly for the drill string and the outer string is assembled. Install a sealant having a diameter equal to the diameter of the outer string on the conductor and feed both columns to a depth of 76 m. After that, the line of the mud pump (booster) is connected to the inlet of the conductor, thereby creating conditions for filling the annular space between the walls of the borehole and the outer the surface of the outer column and fill this space with liquid to a pressure equal to the height of the column of washing liquid from its sealant to the beginning of the filter part oh columns. Further drilling is carried out in two columns. To the aquifer, the outer string is not rotated, but only fed forward behind the drill tool (roller cone) of the drill string.

When drilling along an aquifer, the outer string rotates periodically.

Sand removal control is carried out by feeding either a drill or an outer column forward or backward. Both methods are equally effective and allow you to control the removal of sand in the volume of the well.

Thus, a 125 m long well was drilled into two aquifers. After drilling, the end of the outer string is closed, the tear-off flange is disconnected by feeding the drill string down with a force of 7 tons, after which the drill string is removed. A flange and a gate valve with a branch pipe are installed on the external column. The main problem during drilling is the drainage water coming through the filter portion of the outer string. They complicate the work when building both columns and removing the drill string.

Two aquifers have been covered in one process. The process of sand removal from the reservoir with this method of drilling is a controlled parameter, and the first used backpressure of the fluid in the annular space between the solid part of the outer string and the borehole wall made it possible to reduce the load on this string and control the depth of the well drilling.

Claims (2)

1. The method of constructing a rising well to open one or more pressure fluffy aquifers is characterized by drilling through stable rocks up to the aquifer one drill string, and opening and drilling a pressure fluffy aquifer - under the protection of an additional outer coaxial with it, the upper part of which the area of the aquifer is performed by a filter, while the outer and drill strings have one common feed and rotate with different speeds, both columns at the upper end form I am waiting for an adjustable gap with the effect of throttling to discharge drill cuttings and formation sand by displacing one or both columns along the vertical axis, while before opening the pressure loose aquifer, liquid is pumped into the annular space between the continuous section of the external column and the walls of the borehole to a height column of flushing fluid from the wellhead to the beginning of the filter part of this column, and support it during the entire period of opening and drilling of this formation, preventing breakthrough of sand through the inner cavity of the drill pipe string is carried out by a check valve, which is installed under the drilling tool, the discharge of the liquid column when building the drill string is carried out through the check valve, which is installed in the discharge line of the drill pump, while the drill string is kept hanging by hanging on the outer string by closing adjustable gap, after the completion of drilling, the external column is fixed and sealed in the conductor of the wellhead, a germ is installed drill string analyzer and retrieve it. 2. A device for constructing a rising well and opening one or more pressureless loose aquifers is characterized by the presence of a drilling unit, an oil station, a control panel, one or more drilling pumps, a drilling tool, an external string, a drill string, sealants of the outer and inner pillars and a conductor, this drilling unit includes a lower frame equipped with a hinge with an axis around which the lower base of the drilling unit is rotated from 0 to 90 ° upwards, a device that fixes the rotation angle , guides along which the movable frame moves with the feed hydraulic cylinder, a drill string rotator, equipped with a swivel seal for supplying flushing fluid to the drilling tool, and an outer string rotator, equipped with a through spindle, on which the external column capture device is mounted with transmission, is fixed on the movable frame large torques at low rotational speeds, providing overcoming of friction against the rock during its translational movement, the drilling unit is also equipped a gripping device to enable screwing and unscrewing of the drill string and the outer string, the rotators are fed back and forth by a feed hydraulic cylinder, the fixed end of which is fixed to the lower base of the drilling unit, and the rod is mounted on a movable frame, the drill string rotator is equipped with a device with the possibility of its removal perpendicular to the axis wells along the guides mounted on a movable frame, the head section of the external column is equipped with a fixed support fifth fixed in it at the top In addition to a shut-off device with a drill string drill tool adapter to hold the drill string in weight and control drill cuttings and sand, a relief valve is installed in the discharge line of the mud pump, and a check valve is installed under the drill tool.

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