RU133543U1 - DRILLING RIG FOR PIPELINES INSTALLATION IN WATERFILLED SOILS - Google Patents

Abstract

A drilling rig for laying pipelines in flooded soils, including an oil station, a control panel, a drilling unit, consisting of a fixed frame along which a movable frame moves along the guides with a hydraulic cylinder, on which rotators of the drill and protective columns with spindles are placed, a drill and protective column with a rock cutting tool made with the possibility of adjusting the annular section between the drill and protective columns, overlapping the end of the protective column for the period of equipment with filters and level pump, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an inventory lead pipe located in the spindle of the protective column rotator in the phase of its location on the rear platform of the movable frame of the drilling unit with the possibility of section-wise building-up of a given standard size of the protective column and equipped on one side with an adapter of the corresponding standard size, and on the other hand, a swivel packing, in addition, the installation is additionally equipped with a packer with a check valve installed in a protective column in front of the breed a destructive tool with the possibility of eliminating the outflow of flushing fluid from the annulus through the inner cavity of the protective column, and at the wellhead there is a sealant of the annular space formed by the wall of the well and the outer surface of the protective column, while the annular cavity of this sealant is equipped with a feed hydraulic line and a discharge hydraulic line with a hydraulic shutter, the upper point of which is not less than 3-5 m water column above the statistical level

Description

The utility model relates to the field of mining and construction and can be used for laying protective columns in which pipelines for various purposes are laid: water pipes, cables, sewers, gas pipelines, spillways for drainage water drainage during drainage of construction sites, quarries, mine and ore fields constructed in unstable flooded soils, including in sand.

From the previous technical level, the installation of auger drilling is known ["Directory of trenchless technology in Russia". Moscow. 2006, pp. 18-34]. The installation consists of a power unit that provides both a feed force that sets the steel case and rotation of a screw stand equipped with a drill head. The screw diameter is determined by the diameter of the steel case, the length of the screw sections depends on the brand of installation. In installations of American manufacturers, it is 3 meters, the crushing force, depending on the diameter of the protective case and the composition of the soil, varies from 14 tf to 590 tf. The disadvantages of the installation include a limitation on the scope due to the fact that when drilling horizontal wells in flooded loose soils with an auger, the bottom of the well remains open and the filtration stream, acting on the soil, destroys its structure, as a result of which not only the face is washed off, but also emissions soil inside the protective case. As a result of the destruction of the natural structure of the soil, the destruction of the walls of the well occurs, which causes the compression of the protective case. Due to the absence in the installation of devices that neutralize the filtration forces, the auger operates with a fill factor that is many times higher than normal due to drilling. With a fill factor in excess of K> 0.4, the load on the screw greatly increases to critical. In addition, when the rock is removed in a volume exceeding the volume of the well by 2 or more times, soil subsidence may occur over the well, which is unacceptable.

A device is also known for laying steel pipelines with the help of pneumatic breakers ["Directory of trenchless technology in Russia". Moscow. 2006. p. 35-40]. A pneumatic punch is installed on the guides at a given point in the pit, or workings, pass a recess (a shallow well, the azimuth and zenith angles of which correspond to the route of the pipeline being laid) and then, depending on the technology adopted, either go through the leader well with the subsequent installation of a protective case in it, or install it behind the pneumatic punch and the pipeline extends as the well deepens. The option of driving the pipeline immediately is possible. In this case, a conical head is installed on the pipe section, the diameter of which does not exceed the diameter of the driven pipe, and a special adapter with an internal conical surface corresponding to the working conical surface of the pneumatic punch is installed on the end. The introduction of a pneumatic punch or pipe into the ground occurs under the influence of a blow, which is caused by a special hammer, moving inside the body along the anvil placed in the head of the pneumatic punch. The device provides high performance laying of the pipeline, environmentally friendly. The main disadvantages are: the impossibility of driving wells in soils with inclusions in the form of pebbles, boulders, technogenic burials, causing a strong deviation of the well. In addition, the device allows you to go through wells only in compressible soils (loams, clays and other deposits with identical properties).

A device is known for laying pipelines in horizontal wells constructed by horizontal drilling rigs (GN B) "Directory of trenchless technology in Russia." Moscow. 2006. S. 53-68]. The installation allows the construction of long horizontal wells in a wide range of hydrogeological conditions, including in flooded soils. Retention of the walls of the well from collapse is carried out by a clay solution that creates a pressure in the well that exceeds the reservoir pressure of groundwater. This condition is achieved due to the fact that the installation allows you to drill a well along a curved path and has three sections. The first section starts from the surface of the earth and has a slope at an angle of downward 12-30 degrees to the horizon, the second is straight-line, and the third is drilled at an angle of 12-30 up with the exit of the rock cutting tool to the surface. In conditions when the mark of the wellhead and the mark of its exit from the bottom to the surface exceeds the mark of the pressure of the groundwater, an excess pressure of the flushing fluid is always created on the formation, ensuring the stability of the walls of the well. In such a well, the working section of the well is the second, and the first and third are technological. Their length depends on the initial drilling angles, the design depth of the pipeline.

The main disadvantage of the device is the impossibility of using it in a dense urban development due to the lack of sites for the first and third sections of the curved path of the well where the equipment is located, it is going to whip the pipeline to be pulled, the presence of solid inclusions in the lithological section causing an uncontrolled deviation from the well axis from the design trajectories.

The closest in the set of essential features and selected as a prototype is the installation of horizontal drilling [L.D. Chuchelin, B.C. Kuzkin, F.S. Malatskovsky et al. Temporary guidelines for the construction of beam drainage wells with the ULB-130 drilling rig. Belgorod, VIOGEM. 1981, p. 19].

The installation contains an oil station, a control panel and a drilling unit. The drilling unit contains a fixed frame with guides. A movable frame moves along these guiding feed cylinders, on which a drill rotator and a protective column rotator are placed, each of which is equipped with an individual hydraulic actuator. The rotator of the protective column is made with a through spindle for free passage of the protective column with a diameter of 168 mm. To transmit rotation to the protective column, the spindle is equipped with a hydraulic chuck. For screwing-up of sections of the protective column when it is being built up and removed, a hydraulic key is installed on the fixed frame, which, together with the hydropatron, provides for the assembly and disassembly of the protective column.

The installation is also equipped with a drill and protective columns, a special rock cutting tool that allows you to block the end of the protective column both during drilling and when filtering.

The removal of the destroyed rock is carried out by the water supplied by the mud pump through the drill pipes to the bottom of the well and the free flow of slurry-rich fluid through the annular space formed by the inner surface of the protective and outer surface of the drill string.

The device does not have devices to maintain the walls of the well from collapse.

The friction forces caused by rock pressure and acting on the protective column are overcome by the force method due to the powerful torque and high axial forces that are inherent in the technical characteristics of the installation.

The installation is mainly used for the drainage of urban areas, industrial sites, construction water reduction by the method of radiation drainage, including a mine shaft 4.0 meters in diameter in the light by a system of horizontal drainage wells. Very often, from 3 to 10 beam drainage wells are constructed to solve the problems of construction or operational water reduction. The flow rate of water entering mine shafts depends on a number of factors: head, aquifer filtration coefficient, length and number of wells. The device in each shaft of the pumping station with a branch pipe requires large material and operating costs. In order to reduce them, only one barrel is converted into a pumping station, and waste wells are drilled from each shaft shaft into this shaft. With significant inflows of drainage water into the mine shaft, their removal in the gravity pipeline mode requires the laying of large diameter water conduits than the technical capabilities of ULB-130 allow. Analysis of design decisions shows that, as a rule, polyethylene pipes with a diameter of 160 mm and above are laid as gravity pipelines. The implementation of such a solution is currently constrained by the lack of drilling equipment for well construction with the installation of a protective string in them with a diameter of more than 168 mm.

The limited drilling diameter of the installation according to the prototype, determined by the maximum diameter of the protective string equal to 168 mm, does not allow to build wells with pipe laying over 125 mm

The objective of the utility model is to expand the arsenal of technical means by creating a drilling rig for laying pipelines with a diameter of more than 168 mm in a well with a protective column in difficult hydrogeological conditions, including in flooded sand deposits.

Technical results that can be obtained using the claimed utility model are:

- implementation with a positive result of the appointment of a drilling rig for laying pipelines with a diameter of more than 168 mm in flooded soils, including sandy ones;

- preservation of a given direction of drilling;

- reduction of loads on the protective column;

- increase in drilling depth.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of the expected technical results became possible due to the fact that the drilling rig for laying pipelines in flooded soils, including an oil station, a control panel, a drilling unit, consisting of a fixed frame along which a movable frame moves along the guides with a hydraulic cylinder, on which rotators are located drill and protective columns with spindles, drill and protective columns with rock cutting tools made with the possibility of adjusting the annular cross section the drill and protective columns, overlapping the end of the protective column for the period of equipment with filters and the mud pump, is additionally equipped with an inventory lead pipe located in the spindle of the rotator of the protective column in the phase of its location on the rear platform of the movable frame of the drilling unit with the possibility of section-wise building-up of a given standard size of the protective columns, and equipped on one side with an adapter of the corresponding standard size, and on the other - with a swivel box, in addition, the installation is additionally with packed with a packer with a check valve installed in the protective column in front of the rock cutting tool with the possibility of eliminating the outflow of flushing fluid from the annulus through the inner cavity of the protective column, and at the wellhead there is a sealant of the annular space formed by the borehole wall and the outer surface of the protective column, while the annular cavity of this sealant is equipped with a feed hydraulic line and a discharge hydraulic line with a hydraulic shutter, the upper the point of which is not less than 3-5 meters of the water column above the statistical level of the formation water at which the well is being drilled, and a second sliding packer with a check valve installed with the possibility of retaining fluid in the inner cavity of the protective string while building up another section of the protective string , and the ability to move the tension cable after building each new section.

The inventive drilling rig is illustrated by the following figures: Figure 1. The drilling rig is shown: oil station, control panel, mud pump, fixed frame, movable frame, protective column rotator, lead pipe, protective column sections of a given size, rock cutting tool, packer with non-return valve, sliding packer with non-return valve, sealant.

Figure 2. A wellhead sealant with hydraulic lines is shown to compensate for possible mud losses during drilling and to drain flushing fluid with drill cuttings: a supply line with a reserve tank and shut-off equipment, a discharge line with a nozzle, shut-off equipment, and storage tank.

The inventive drilling rig includes a mud pump 1 (Fig. 1), an oil station 2, a control panel 3, a frame 4 with guides 5, along which a movable frame 7 moves with a hydraulic cylinder 6, to the rear platform 8 of which instead of the drill string rotator (not shown in Fig. Not shown ) from the front platform 9 of the movable frame the rotator of the protective column 10 (not shown in Fig. not shown), a cartridge 11, which captures and transfers torque and axial force to the drive pipe 12, is installed on the rear end of which the swivel gland 13 is mounted, and on the front end - adapter 14 for Connections with the protective section 15 column, through which the borehole drilling. At the end of section 15 of the protective column in front of the rock cutting tool 16, a packer 17 with a check valve 18 is installed with the help of which the possibility of liquid flowing from the bottom of the well and due to the annulus into the protective column is excluded. To maintain the inside of the protective column, composed of sections 15 of the washing liquid when disconnecting the lead pipe 12 from the last section 15, when the protective column is extended, an additional sliding packer 19 is installed with a check valve 20, a cable 21 and a ring 22 with which the packer 19 from the last section 15 of the protective column moves to the mouth of the extension section.

To exclude the free exit of flushing fluid located in the annulus and control the pressure in it at the inlet of the protective column to the shaft shaft support 23, a sealant 24 is installed.

To the housing 25 (figure 2) of the seal 24 is summed up two hydraulic lines. The supply line 26 with shutoff valves 27 and a reserve tank 28 with a solution serves to replenish the fluid in the annulus during drilling and process leaks. The pipe 29 and the shutoff valves 30 are included in the discharge line 31, which serves to drain the flushing fluid enriched in drill cuttings in the storage tank 32 for drill cuttings and mud. The discharge line 31 is made with a water trap device (not shown in Fig.), The upper point of which exceeds the altitude of the hydrostatic column of formation water by at least 3-5 m water column.

To hold sections 15 of the protective column during building use hydraulic capture 33.

A creative step is to provide conditions for the construction of horizontal or slightly deviated wells for laying pipelines with a diameter of more than 168 mm in flooded, including non-cohesive soils, by introducing a packer with a check valve in the installation, eliminating the outflow of flushing fluid due to the annulus, and a protective sealant columns with a supply line with a reserve tank located 3-5 m above the groundwater level and a discharge line with a hydraulic shutter, eliminating the reduction of liquid pressure in the shutter in the open space below the reservoir, which allowed the well to be constructed when performing a full range of technological operations, including building up, with a washing fluid pressure exceeding the reservoir, which ensures the stability of the walls of the well from collapse. The necessary conditions are created to reduce the stress on the protective string and increase the depth of drilling , to exclude the outflow of washing liquid from the inner cavity of the protective column, a sliding packer with a check valve is installed on its mouth, about thereby ensuring a reduction in the time required to restore circulation of the flushing fluid.

Moving the rotator of the protective column to the rear platform of the movable frame and using it as a drive of the driving pipe with a swivel packing and an adapter to the protective column of a given size allows you to use the main advantages of the rotator: high torque, feed-through spindle, chuck for gripping the driving pipe, transmission of rotation and mechanization of the processes of screwing-unscrewing the lead pipe when building up the section of the protective column, which allows to expand the technical capabilities of the installation, increasing the diameter meter constructed wells, reduce the load on the protective column by retaining the borehole walls from collapsing and to increase the drilling depth. An additional technical result of the claimed utility model also lies in the fact that an increase in the diameter of the protective string leads to an increase in its rigidity, which ensures the preservation of a given direction of drilling.

The inventive utility model works as follows.

First, in the shaft shaft 23, the housing 25 of the sealant 24 is installed, the supply line 26 with the shutoff valve 27 and the backup tank 28 is mounted, then the outlet line 31 with the pipe 29, the shutoff valve 30 and the storage tank 32 are mounted (Fig. 2).

For well construction using a protective string with a diameter greater than 168 mm (FIG. 1), the drill string rotator (not shown) is removed from the rear platform of the movable frame 7, and a protective string rotator 10 (not shown) is removed from the front platform 9, and fixed on the rear platform 8 of the frame 7. Having launched the drilling rig into operation, the movable frame 7 is moved to its extreme rear position, freeing up the space between the rotator 10 and the hydraulic catch 33 of the protective string 15 to build up and equip the drilling rig. To do this, the first section 15 of the protective column (not shown in Fig.) With a rock cutting tool 16 (chisel), a packer 17 with a check valve 18 is inserted into the housing 25 of the seal 24, and the protective column is clamped by a hydraulic gripper 33, after which its working section 15 is increased, an additional sliding packer 19 with a check valve 20, a cable 21 and a ring 22 is installed at the end. A leading pipe 12 with an adapter 14 is brought to the assembled assembly to the end of the section 15. Clamping the lead pipe 12 with the cartridge 11, they are connected. Having installed the stuffing box-swivel 13 on the end of the driving pipe 12, they turn on the mud pump 1, fill the inlet line with the solution, achieve circulation of the flushing fluid through the annulus, adjust the mud pump 1 to the desired capacity and begin drilling. After drilling the well for the length of section 15, the mud pump 1 is turned off, the lead pipe 12 is disconnected from section 15, the movable frame 7 is moved to the extreme rear position by the hydraulic cylinder 6, and then the next section 15 of the protective string is built up. In this case, the sliding packer 19 with the cable 21 and the ring 22 is moved to the mouth of the expandable section 15. After that, the lead pipe 12 is connected to the section 15, turn on the circulation of the flushing fluid and resume the drilling cycle. So, cycle by cycle, the well passes to the shaft 23 or a viewing well, from where assistance is provided for sinking the rock cutting tool 16 (chisel). At its exit point, the annular space formed by the wall of the well and the outer surface of the protective column is sealed.

The rock cutting tool 16 (chisel) bit and packer 17 with a check valve 18 are disconnected. In the trunk from which the well was drilled, the lead pipe 12 is disconnected from the protective column section 15, the sliding packer 19 with the check valve 20 is removed, the rotator 10 is removed from the movable frame 7, and the pipeline is mounted in the protective column with the specified functional purpose.

The practical applicability of the claimed utility model is shown in the following example of execution.

Example.

Horizontal wells for laying spillway pipelines between the pumping station, mine well 1, mine well No. 2 and a quencher well at one of the Moscow metro facilities were constructed in flooded sands. The diameter of the pressure pipe is 160 mm, the material of the pipes is polyethylene, the diameter of the protective column into which the polyethylene pipes fit is 219 mm.

For drilling under this technical task, the following were developed: a column sealant with a supply and a discharge line, a protective column with a diameter of 219, a hydraulic gripper, a rock cutting tool, packers, a lead pipe with a swivel packing. Drilling was carried out as usual. To move the additional packer, the swivel gland after each section was drilled was removed, the stackable section of the protective column was connected, after which the wellhead packer cable was moved using a manual winch fixed to the embedded part of the shaft well block to the mouth of the extended section. Having disconnected the cable from the winch and leaving it in the lead pipe, set the swivel seal in place and resume drilling. Upon reaching the crown of the lining of the trunk, which included the spillway in the place where the bit exited, the lining of the trunk was destroyed from the inside by drilling small diameter wells along the contour of the bit with the installation of a conductor. Due to the high rigidity of the column, the deviation of the axis of the well from the design was not more than 0.3 m. In total, 3 wells 42, 30, 26 m long were drilled using the claimed utility model.

Using this installation, it is possible to construct wells with the installation of a protective string with a diameter of up to 426 mm.

As can be seen from the above example, thanks to a combination of essential features of the claimed utility model, it was possible to replenish the arsenal of technical equipment with a drilling rig for laying pipelines with a diameter of more than 168 mm in a well with a protective column in difficult hydrogeological conditions, including in flooded sand deposits. This reduces the load on the protective string due to the stability of the walls of the well and increases the depth of drilling. In addition, the increase in the diameter of the protective string leads to an increase in its rigidity, which ensures the preservation of a given direction of drilling.

Claims (1)

A drilling rig for laying pipelines in flooded soils, including an oil station, a control panel, a drilling unit, consisting of a fixed frame along which a movable frame moves along the guides with a hydraulic cylinder, on which rotators of the drill and protective columns with spindles are placed, a drill and protective column with a rock cutting tool made with the possibility of adjusting the annular section between the drill and protective columns, overlapping the end of the protective column for the period of equipment with filters and level pump, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an inventory lead pipe located in the spindle of the protective column rotator in the phase of its location on the rear platform of the movable frame of the drilling unit with the possibility of section-wise extension of a given standard size of the protective column and equipped on one side with an adapter of the corresponding standard size, and on the other hand, a swivel packing, in addition, the installation is additionally equipped with a packer with a check valve installed in a protective column in front of the breed a destructive tool with the possibility of eliminating the outflow of flushing fluid from the annulus through the inner cavity of the protective string, and at the wellhead there is a sealant of the annular space formed by the well wall and the outer surface of the protective string, while the annular cavity of this sealant is equipped with a feed hydraulic line and a discharge hydraulic line with hydraulic shutter, the upper point of which is not less than 3-5 m water column above the statistical level sewage, in which the well is being drilled, and a second sliding packer with a check valve installed with the possibility of retaining fluid in the inner cavity of the guard string during the build-up of the next section of the guard string and move it with a tension cable after the build-up of each new section.

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