RU2285779C1 - Method to construct horizontal or inclined well is fissured rock to be excavated by drilling-and-blasting operations and drilling rig for above method realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining, particularly to construct horizontal or inclined wells by rotary drilling in fissured rock with the use of rotary drilling rid and adapted to be used during exploration drilling in pits and mines for iron-ore mining.

SUBSTANCE: prior-art rig is provided with artificial head comprising a number of sections secured one to another and fastened to frame pivotally connected to support frame of drilling rig. The rig also has throttle located at drainage cavity of cylinder to provide drilling rig installation outside dangerous zone so that the drilling rig may be displaced in horizontal plane from drilling axis due to artificial head usage. The artificial head is installed on ledge extending from drilling rid to face along drilling axis and is assembled out of dangerous zone. The artificial head is provided with head string. Drilling assembly passes through the head string. Predrilling is performed in drilling regime at minimal advance speed. The advance speed is controlled by throttling of discharge cavity of advancing cylinder and at high rotational frequency for depth exceeding fissured rock zone thickness.

EFFECT: increased safety and productivity of horizontal or inclined well construction, reduced labor inputs for equipment movement and enhanced technological effectiveness of drilling operation, provision of drilling direction control and drilling rig arrangement at safe distance from slope, increased well construction capacity, extended functional capabilities.

2 cl, 4 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to methods for constructing horizontal or deviated wells using rotary drilling in fractured rocks and a rotary drilling rig, and can be used in exploratory drilling in quarries and mines, for example, iron ore deposits.

It is known that most iron ore deposits, especially in the area of the Kursk magnetic anomaly, are represented by steeply falling ore bodies. The exploration of such deposits is carried out using a drilling rig by constructing vertical or slightly inclined wells to the vertical. [one. G.A. Blinov et al. Technique and technology of high-speed drilling. M .: Nedra, 1982]. Similarly, when developing such deposits in quarries, exploratory exploration is carried out using a rotary drilling rig by constructing mainly vertical wells [N.A. Grigoryan. Drilling of inclined wells of reduced and small diameters. M .: Nedra, 1974]. The effectiveness of exploration is determined by the amount of geological information per linear meter of drilling. This is achieved by choosing the orientation of the wellbore in the direction of maximum variability of the geological characteristics of the rocks. For deposits with steeply occurring geological structures, the construction of vertical exploratory wells is ineffective, since the wellbore is directed along the rock contacts and the obtained information on the well does not characterize the ore stratum as a whole. It is most effective to carry out exploration with horizontal or horizontal boreholes, while the borehole crosses the rocks in the direction of cross-strike of geological structures, which cannot be achieved in a known manner.

Increasing the efficiency of exploratory drilling is achieved by drilling horizontal exploratory wells in the development of mineral deposits by underground mining [2. Kodzaev Yu.V. Drilling exploratory horizontal wells. M .: Nedra, 1978]

According to the method, the drilling rig is placed in a mine or in a chamber where they provide safe conditions for the drilling crew, the drilling rig is fixed using screw jacks or in another way (cementing the site with fixing the drilling rig frame using anchors, etc.).

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity during installation and dismantling of equipment in the chamber, low drilling efficiency in fractured rocks due to poor controllability of the feed rate.

In addition, according to the unified safety rules, when developing open-cast mineral deposits approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia in 2001, it is forbidden for people to be within the collapse prism on ledges and in the immediate vicinity of the ledge slope at a distance defined in departmental safety rules and justified in the project, which for iron ore enterprises may be equal to 15 meters or more. Such requirements exclude the possibility of applying the existing method and equipment when drilling horizontal wells in relation to the conditions of an open method of mining.

One of the ways to solve the problem of safe work is the method, the essence of which is to preliminary strengthen the slope, for example, by injection [3. RU 2002127100/03, BIPM No. 11, 04/20/04].

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of its implementation, high cost and duration of execution.

UDB-8 rotary drilling rig was taken as a prototype for the installation (R&D report, code 1.5-5 (78) -A-13-81-R, Belgorod, 1983, pp. 10-13), including a common base, a drill a machine having a lower fixed frame and a rotary frame on which a rotator, hydraulic plug, hydraulic gripper and hydraulic cylinder are installed, a drill consisting of drill pipes and a core set, a screwdriving and unscrewing mechanism for drill pipes, a drill feed mechanism back and forth, a flushing feed system liquids and the method that it implements, which It provides for the installation of a drilling rig at the point of a ledge of a rock quarry or into the chamber of a mine, and the supply of a drill for slaughter and drilling.

The disadvantage of the prototype, as well as analogues, is that they do not allow drilling horizontal or deviated wells when the common base of the drilling rig is located further than 1.5-2.0 m from the slope of the quarry, and in underground conditions it requires significant labor costs when moving equipment on camera.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that it does not allow to effectively drill in the conditions of mining rocks using drilling and blasting. The use of blasting in rocks due to the energy of the explosion leads to their complete destruction on the mining block. In areas (slopes, berms, walls) adjacent to the mined block, an intense technogenic fracture zone is formed due to the energy of the explosion when it is dispersed in the rock mass. In this zone, the formed network of technogenic cracks greatly complicates drilling, and in some cases makes it completely impossible due to intensive uncontrolled absorption of flushing fluid, and frequent spasmodic transitions from pieces of rock to open cracks require special regulation in the technology of supplying a drill.

The objective of the invention is to develop a safe and high-performance method of constructing a horizontal or inclined well, including an exploratory well, in the fractured rocks of rock ledges of the quarry and mines, developed using drilling and blasting operations that meet the requirements of safety regulations and ensure the reduction of labor costs when moving equipment and the creation of a drilling rig for the implementation of this method.

Technical results that can be obtained by implementing the invention are:

for method

- improving the manufacturability of drilling operations;

- providing the ability to control the direction of drilling when placing the rig at a safe distance from the slope;

- increase productivity during well construction;

- increasing the efficiency of exploration;

for installation

- reliability;

- ease of operation;

- expansion of functionality.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of the above results became possible:

for method

- due to the fact that in the known method of constructing a horizontal or inclined well in fractured rocks, developed using drilling and blasting operations, including mounting the drilling rig at a point, supplying a drill using a feed cylinder for drilling, drilling and drilling, the drilling rig is installed at a safe distance outside the danger zone with the possibility of displacement in the horizontal plane from the axis of the well, in the area from the drilling rig to the bottom, an artificial mouth is installed along the axis of the well, hinges that enable it to rotate in the vertical and horizontal planes, which are collected outside the danger zone, are injected into the artificial wellhead with a wellhead string coaxially with it, a drill is fed through it to the bottom, drilling is carried out in drilling mode at a minimum feed rate controlled by throttling cavity drain cylinder and a high speed to a depth exceeding the thickness of the zone of intensively fractured rocks;

for installation

- due to the fact that the known drilling rig for the construction of a horizontal or inclined well in fractured rocks, containing a transport base, the base of the drilling rig, a drilling rig, comprising a lower frame and a rotary frame connected to the front and rear struts, on which a rotator with a drilling rig spindle are mounted, hydraulic spreader, hydraulic plug and hydraulic cylinder, feed cylinder, including a discharge cavity and a drain cavity, a flushing fluid supply system, is configured to drill into fractures x the rocks of a horizontal or inclined well by supplying the drill rig with a throttle on the cavity of the discharge cylinder, an artificial mouth consisting of connected sections mounted on a frame pivotally connected to the supporting frame of the base of the drilling machine, which is equipped with at least two hinges, providing rotation of the artificial mouth in the vertical and horizontal planes and in the working position fixed by a system of flexible stretch marks, providing a single axis with the spindle of the drilling machine, equipped with drill string installed inside the artificial mouth coaxially with it, with the possibility of ensuring the supply of the drill to the bottom, and the base of the drilling rig is equipped with front and rear screw jacks, providing the deviation of the drilling rig from the horizontal axis of drilling up and down.

The implementation of the proposed method using an artificial wellhead, throttling the discharge line of the feed cylinder, and adjusting the drilling mode fundamentally changes the approach to work in the zone of fractured rocks and ensures their safe and effective management both on the ledges of quarries and in mines in connection with the installation of a drilling rig abroad hazardous area, and also extends the functionality by conducting exploratory drilling with horizontal or deviated wells, i.e. multiplies its information content due to the large area of the studied reservoirs.

The invention also makes it possible to control the direction of drilling when placing the rig at a safe distance from the slope due to its passage through the wellhead pipe, which abuts against the chest of the face.

The increase in productivity is ensured by the ability to quickly assemble an artificial mouth and the speed of changing its spatial position. The method is technological due to the simplicity of assembly and fastening of the artificial mouth, accessibility to technological nodes.

The invention is illustrated by the following figures:

Figure 1 Drilling rig, consisting of a drilling rig, oil station, control panel, mud pump, artificial mouth and base.

Figure 2 Drilling rig in working condition, installed in the quarry behind the danger zone (in working condition).

Figure 3. An artificial mouth assembly (side view), consisting of sections.

Figure 4. Artificial estuary assembly (top view).

The inventive drilling rig consists of blocks (figure 1) and includes a drilling rig 1, oil station 2, control panel 3, mud pump 4, artificial mouth 5 and base 6.

The drilling rig 1 is driven from the oil station 2 through the control panel 3, with the help of which oil is supplied to the drilling rig 1 and the set parameters are maintained. The supply of flushing fluid to the well is carried out by a mud pump 4.

The drilling rig 1 consists of a lower frame 7 (Fig. 2), a rotary frame 8, a rotator 9, a spindle 10, a swivel seal 11, a supply cylinder 12, a hydraulic splitter 13, hinges 14, a hydraulic fork 15, a hydraulic pick-up 16, a rear strut 17, a front strut 18, a hydraulic cylinder 19, providing displacement of the lower frame 7 relative to the base 6 in the horizontal plane, the transport base 20 connected to the base 6 by a hinge 21 and screw jacks 22.

The artificial mouth 5 (Fig. 2) is a prefabricated structure and has a common axis with the spindle 10 of the drilling rig 1. It consists of sections 23 (Figs. 3, 4), interconnected by flange connections 24 into a single column. The first (initial) section 25 in the form of a pipe is mounted on the base plate 26 and hinged 27 is attached to the frame 28, which rotates in a horizontal plane relative to the hinges 29. The hinges 29 are attached to the support frame 30. The frame 28 is fixed on the support frame 30 by screw rotary ties 31 .

The stiffness of the sections 23 of the artificial mouth 5 is achieved by flexible extensions 32 and 33 located respectively in the horizontal and vertical planes. The tension of the flexible extensions 32 and 33 is provided with tensioning screws 34. To eliminate the deflection of the column under its own weight, the flexible extension 33 is supported by a roller 35 mounted on the section 25. To lift the sections assembled into a single column 23, the device is equipped with a hydraulic jack 36, with which the column can be raise relative to the hinge 27 at an angle that provides free rotation of the artificial mouth 5 to align its axis with a vertical plane passing through the axis of the spindle 10.

The drilling rig is mounted on the transport base 20 (figure 2) and installed outside the danger zone. To change the zenith angle within ± 10 °, screw jacks 22 installed in front and behind the base 6 can be used.

In the artificial mouth 5, a wellhead column 37 is installed along the drilling axis, at the end of which there is a sealing device (not shown). The wellhead column 37 is brought all the way to the chest of the face 38 and fixed in the artificial mouth 5. After that, a drill with a core tube and a crown (not shown) is assembled.

The inventive drilling rig operates as follows.

Outside the danger zone, a transport base 20 of the drilling rig is installed on which the drilling rig 1, oil station 2, control panel 3, mud pump 4 are mounted. The rear strut 17 is disconnected from the rotary frame 8 and, using the hydraulic front strut 18 around the hinge 14, the rotary frame 8 set at a predetermined angle and fixed with a rear strut 17. After that, the oil station 2, the control panel 3 and the drilling rig 1 are connected to the oil system (not indicated) into a single system, the performance of the drilling rig is checked.

Beyond the border of the danger zone, the artificial mouth 5 is assembled (Figs. 3, 4) from sections 23 and 25 and operations are performed that provide it with rigidity and the possibility of changing the spatial position.

After installing the artificial mouth 5 outside the danger zone, it is lifted with a hydraulic jack 36 with a support plate 26 around the hinge 27 to a height that allows the artificial mouth to be brought out in a plane that matches the vertical axis of the spindle 10 of machine 1, rotate with the frame 28 around the hinges 29 and rigidly associated with the support frame 30 with screw ties 31.

The wellhead column 37 is introduced into the artificial mouth 5 (FIG. 2), it is brought into a ledge 38 as far as it will go, the drill is rigidly fixed and fed through it, drilling is carried out in drilling mode at a minimum feed rate controlled by a throttle at the discharge of the feed cylinder and a high speed to a depth exceeding the thickness of the zone of intense fracturing of the slope, and after removing the drill, a conductor of smaller diameter is installed than the wellhead column (not shown) with the possibility of sealing the annulus.

Drilling downhill wells up or down with angles of no more than 5-10 ° is carried out by lifting the front or rear of the base 6 with screw jacks 22 on the transport base 20 (FIG. 2).

Example.

The test of the proposed method and device produced in the quarry of Lebedinsky GOK.

Geological conditions of work:

- Ore body - quartzites of X-XII category on drillability.

- Falling layers to 75 ° from the vertical.

The first two wells were drilled at an angle of 25-30 ° directly into the berm of the pit ledge, while the drilling rig was located at a safe distance from the slope of the ledge, determined by the unified safety rules (EPB).

Commercial speed is 0.57-0.62 m / h.

The third well was constructed at an angle of 1-1.5 ° to the horizon. To do this, an artificial mouth was assembled with a length equal to the distance to the ledge, it was turned and rigidly installed along the drilling axis, the wellhead pipe was installed all the way to the ledge slope. A drill was fed through it. Drilling was carried out with diamond crowns with a diameter of 76 mm at a minimum feed rate and a high rotational speed.

A conductor was installed in the fracture zone, the annulus was sealed, and further drilling was carried out with diamond crowns with a diameter of 59 mm.

Commercial drilling speed was 1.2-1.3 m / h.

Diamond consumption in the well decreased 1.7 times. The core yield exceeds 90%.

By increasing the informativeness of geological data, the efficiency of geological exploration was sharply increased while reducing the cost of their implementation by more than 2 times.

Thus, the implementation of the claimed invention allows us to completely solve the problem and create an optimally reliable method for constructing a horizontal or deviated well in fractured rocks of a rock quarry or mine, competitive technical means for its implementation, which ensures its practical applicability and safety.

Claims (2)

1. A method of constructing a horizontal or inclined well in fractured rocks developed using blasting operations, including mounting a drilling rig at a point, supplying a drill using a feed cylinder, drilling and drilling, characterized in that the drilling rig is installed outside the danger zone with the possibility of displacement in the horizontal plane from the drilling axis, in the area from the drilling rig to the bottom, an artificial mouth is installed along the drilling axis, equipped with hinges that provide it with The rotation speed in vertical or horizontal planes, which is collected outside the danger zone, is injected into the artificial wellhead, the wellhead string is coaxial with it, fed a drill through it, and drilling is carried out in the drilling mode at the minimum feed rate controlled by throttling the discharge cavity of the feed cylinder , and a high frequency of rotation, to a depth exceeding the thickness of the zone of intensely fractured rocks. 2. A drilling rig for constructing a horizontal or inclined well in fractured rocks, comprising a transport base, a drilling rig base, a drilling rig including a lower frame and a rotary frame connected by front and rear struts, on which a rotator with a drilling rig spindle, a hydraulic spreader, a hydraulic fork and hydraulic cylinder, front-back feed cylinder, including a discharge cavity and a drain cavity, a flushing fluid supply system, characterized in that it is adapted to be drilled into cracks new rocks of a horizontal and deviated well by supplying the drilling rig with a throttle on the cavity of the discharge cylinder, an artificial mouth consisting of connected sections, mounted on a frame, pivotally connected to the supporting frame of the base of the drilling rig, which is equipped with at least two hinges providing rotation of the artificial mouth in the vertical and horizontal planes and in the working position fixed by a system of flexible stretch marks, providing a single axis with the spindle of the drilling machine, equipped wellhead column installed inside the artificial mouth coaxially with it, with the possibility of ensuring the supply of the drill to the bottom, and the base of the rig is equipped with front and rear screw jacks, ensuring the deviation of the drilling rig from the horizontal axis of drilling up and down.

Images