RU2232679C1 - Method of thermal treating ceramic articles and unloading device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of building materials.

SUBSTANCE: method of ceramic article treatment in shaft-furnace includes row-by-row charging articles on sole with firming parallel through channels; feeding coolant to charge and unloading the ready articles. Charge is formed such that articles of each next row are offset relative articles of previous row. Upper article is places on lower article such that contact area between two articles includes projected article centers of gravity. Charging scheme is repeated along charge height. Articles are unloaded in row-by-row manner. Unloading device has mechanism for charge fixation formed as frame with inner support members arranged under charge channels and following mechanism. Following mechanism is made as lifting-dipping panel with holders arranged on lifting-dipping panel such that pattern of holder distribution over lifting-dipping panel repeats distribution pattern of contact areas between articles in charge. Unloading device includes article extraction means formed as set of leaf chains located under panel such that holders may pass under leaf chains.

EFFECT: increased article quality.

8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The claimed invention relates to the building materials industry and can be used in the manufacture of ceramic bricks, namely in the technological process of firing.

State of the art

A known method of heat treatment of ceramic wall products in a vertical furnace (see patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2098384, IPC C 04 V 33/32, F 27 V 1/00, publ. 10.12.1997), in which the cage is performed alternating the height of the rows of bricks installed on the spoon face, with bricks laid on the bed. The scheme of cages of bricks mounted on spoons does not change and is repeated through a row in height. It provides through channels for the passage of coolant. The setting of the rows of bricks laid on the bed is changing. In the first embodiment, there is one channel for the passage of the coolant and it passes through the center of the row, dividing the row into two equal parts. In the second embodiment, two side channels are formed, which are located between the cage and the opposite walls of the furnace, to which the furnaces adjoin. The process of supplying the coolant to the cage is carried out by several counter-directed flows converging in the center of the cage, moving one step up and then diverging from the center in opposite directions. This ensures uniform distribution of the coolant along the height of the stack. The entire brick cage is lowered by a special device that holds it.

The advantage of this method is to improve the quality of products by ensuring uniform firing, however, the charge of products has a rather complex structure and requires a special device to move.

The closest in signs to the claimed method, selected for the prototype, is a method of firing wall ceramics in a vertical furnace (see copyright certificate No. 1702133, IPC F 27 B 1/00, publ. 30.12.1991, Bull. No. 48) , in which the products are laid in the form of columns with a cross section of 250 × 250, they are fired in a fluidized bed of dispersed material and unloaded with formed bags. The method allows to simplify the packaging of products, however, it does not provide for an orderly unloading of products.

Known unloading device (see patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2023965, IPC F 27 B 1/00, publ. 08/28/1991, bull. No. 22), containing clamping hydraulic cylinders, rotary latches and plate conveyor. The base plates of the hydraulic cylinder are shifted and take on the load of the upstream ceramic products, the rotary locks rotate to the lower position and load the lower row of finished products onto the conveyor. In the described device, there is no smooth lowering of the products on the conveyor, which leads to a possible battle of ceramics.

This drawback is eliminated by the use of an unloading device (see copyright certificate No. 1702133, IPC F 27 B 1/00, publ. 12/30/1991, Bull. No. 48) containing hydraulic clamps, a moving vertical table with rails, a cart with pallets , divided into movable sections, and hydraulic pushers for sliding sections of the pallet. It is the closest in constructive solution to the claimed device and therefore is selected as a prototype. However, unloading is carried out using packages formed from packages accumulated on pallets of product poles. When the finished product is withdrawn from under the furnace body, the entire product cage is held by a clamping device, a rather long stop of the products in the furnace occurs, which leads to a violation of the firing regime.

The essence of the claimed invention

The claimed invention solves the problem of creating a method of filling ceramic products in a shaft furnace and a device for unloading them, which allows to improve the quality of products by minimizing the time intervals of the process of reducing the heating in the furnace and its stop when unloading finished products, which ensures almost continuous movement of products through the firing channels.

The problem is solved in that in the method of heat treatment of ceramic products in a shaft furnace, which includes cages of products with orderly laying on the bed with the formation of parallel through channels, the flow of coolant into the cages and unloading of finished products, according to the claimed invention, the cages are formed with the displacement of the products of each row above products of the downstream row, while the upper product with one corner part is laid on the lower one with the formation of a contact spot, including their projected centers of gravity, other angular parts are based on the angular parts of the products adjacent to the lower product involved, the product stacking pattern is repeated in height and the finished products are unloaded in order.

The technical result, namely the provision of an almost continuous movement of products through the firing channels, is achieved by orderly unloading of finished products.

It is permissible to stack two products in one row, one above the other, with their corresponding simultaneous unloading.

The problem is also solved due to the fact that in the device for unloading ceramic products in a shaft furnace containing a cage fixation mechanism and lowering and output mechanisms located under it, according to the claimed invention, the cage fixation mechanism is made in the form of a frame with internal supporting elements mounted with the possibility of return - translational horizontal movement with the placement of support elements under the channels formed by the products of the paged row, the reduction mechanism is made in the form of a rise o-lowering platform with holders placed on it with a repetition of the arrangement of product contact spots in the cage and having a working surface that supports projected centers of gravity of the products, while the output mechanism of the products is made in the form of a set of parallel conveyor lines installed above the platform with the possibility of passage between them holders.

The inventive unloading device provides reliable retention of the charge of products due to the fact that the holders of the lifting and lowering platform props the products of both the downstream and upstream rows in the area of the centers of gravity of those and other products. At the same time, at the time of unloading, when the supporting effect of the holders on the cage ceases, the products in the cage, relying on frame elements, which are preferably made in the form of transverse bars and which support the product outside the zone of its center of gravity, are held due to the weight pressure of the upstream products. Thus, a sufficiently reliable fixation of products in the volume of a shaft furnace is ensured, which allows for unloading of each row, rather than accumulating a column of products for unloading. Accordingly, orderly unloading makes the cage stops in the furnace very short-lived, which leads to an almost continuous movement of products in the firing channel and, therefore, improves the quality of firing.

Thus, the listed set of essential features allows to obtain a technical result similar to the method, namely, to provide almost continuous movement of products along the firing channels. Obtaining the same technical result indicates the unity of the inventive concept that connects the claimed method and device.

When studying other well-known technical solutions in this technical field, no solutions were found that have similar distinctive features aimed at solving the problem, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solutions meet the criterion of "inventive step".

In the specific case of execution, it is preferable to make the holders in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, since it is such a shape that is the most rational and ensures that the supporting plane coincides with the shape of the contact spot of the products of the upper and lower rows.

The most appropriate implementation of the output mechanism in the form of a combination of plate chains, providing shock-free and reliable output of products from under the firing channel.

In the specific case of the implementation of the claimed device, the drive of the lifting and lowering platform is made in the form of two hinge mechanisms that determine the movement of the platform and consist of H-shaped plates, the upper articulated part of the platform fixed from the bottom at its opposite edges, while screw transmission nuts are installed between the lower ends of the plates , mounted with the possibility of translational motion on the screw connected with the motor shaft. The wheels attached to the lower ends of the plates of the hinge mechanisms can reduce the load on the helical gear and, therefore, extend its service life. And the implementation of a screw transmission screw with alternating left and right threads eliminates the use of additional devices that actuate the articulated mechanisms, which is aimed at reducing the size of the structure.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - diagram of the cage products, top view;

figure 2 is a diagram of the cage products, side view;

figure 3 is the same at the time of the beginning of the unloading of the lower row;

figure 4 - device unloading, General view;

figure 3 is a section aa in figure 4.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

The heat treatment of ceramic products in the present method is carried out in continuous shaft furnaces with moving material and stationary technological zones. The technological process in shaft-type furnaces is directed from top to bottom, which makes it possible to use the movement of products under their own weight and to exclude special vehicles for moving products through the furnace. In addition, the vertical design of the furnace makes it possible to bring the heat sources closer to the products to be fired, which leads to an increase in the thermal efficiency of the process and a reduction in the heat treatment time. A feature of the furnace is the special configuration of the charge, which allows for the unloading of finished products in order.

Unloading of finished products in the inventive method of heat treatment of ceramic products in a shaft furnace was implemented by the inventive device.

The device for unloading ceramic products 1 contains (see FIGS. 3, 4) a cage fixing mechanism made in the form of a frame with internal supporting elements 2, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement horizontally due to the hydraulic drive 3 and with the possibility of placing the supporting elements 2 under channels 4 between the products of the unloaded row of cages. Under the cage fixing mechanism, there are mechanisms for lowering and withdrawing products. The reduction mechanism is made in the form of a lifting and lowering platform 5 with holders 6. The holders 6 are placed on the platform with a repetition of the arrangement of spots 7 of the product contact in the cage and have a working surface supporting the projected centers of gravity of the products 1. The output mechanism of the products is made in the form of a combination of parallel plate chains 8 mounted above the platform 5 with the possibility of passage of holders between them 6. The drive of the lifting and lowering platform 5 is made in the form of two hinge mechanisms 9, consisting of H-shaped plates ting 10, upper articulated part fixed below the platform at its opposite ends. Between the lower ends of the plates are installed nuts 11 helical gear, mounted with the possibility of translational motion on the screw 12 connected to the shaft of the engine 13. To the lower ends of the plates 10 are attached wheels 14 with the ability to move along the rails 15.

The cage is an orderly laying of the products 1 on the bed with the formation of parallel through channels 4 (see figures 1, 2, 3). The cage is formed with the displacement of the products of each upstream row relative to the products of the downstream row. In this case, the upper product with one corner part is laid on the lower one with the formation of a contact spot 7, including their projected centers of gravity, and is supported by other angular parts on the corner parts of the products adjacent to the lower product involved. The cage pattern is repeated in height and at least two products are stacked in each row.

Heat treatment of ceramic products in a shaft furnace is as follows.

The furnace is loaded with products 1 prepared for heat treatment. Loading can be done either manually or by an automatic machine on top of the furnace with installation on the top row of cages. The coolant is fed into the cage in a horizontal direction in several streams. Its movement occurs along horizontal channels formed by the surfaces of products.

Lowering the cages is carried out step by step. The frame of the locking mechanism is shifted by the hydraulic cylinder in the horizontal direction, installing supporting elements 2 under the channels 4 in the cage. In this case, the holders 6 mounted on the lifting and lowering platform 5, props the products of the downstream row at the location of the spots 7 of the contact of the products in the cage and hold the entire cage. After that, the drive of the lifting and lowering platform is turned on and moves it to the lower position. In this case, the entire cage is lowered one row down, the supporting elements 2 go into the channels 4 of the cages and props upstream products. The holders 6 lower the products of the downstream row onto the plate chains 8 of the output mechanism, and the finished products are removed from the furnace.

After that, the drive of the lifting and lowering platform 5 raises it to the upper position, the holders 6 are brought to the next row of products, propped up at the location of the contact spot and hold the entire charge. The frame of the locking mechanism is moved to its former position, and the supporting elements 2 are again installed under the channels 4 in the cage. The lifting and lowering platform 5 is moved to the lower position, and the entire cycle of unloading of finished products is repeated.

Claims (8)

1. The method of heat treatment of ceramic products in a shaft furnace, including cage products with orderly laying on the bed with the formation of parallel through channels, supplying coolant to the cage and unloading finished products, characterized in that the cage is formed with the displacement of products of each upstream row relative to the products of the downstream row, while the upper product with one corner part is laid on the lower one with the formation of a contact spot, including their projected centers of gravity, the other angular parts are supported on products adjacent to the lower product involved, the product cage pattern is repeated in height and the finished products are unloaded in order. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 2 products are stacked in a row. 3. A device for unloading ceramic products from a shaft furnace, comprising a cage fixation mechanism, lowering and output mechanisms located underneath it, characterized in that the cage fixation mechanism is made in the form of a frame with internal support elements, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement horizontally with by placing support elements under the channels formed by the products of the unloading row, the reduction mechanism is made in the form of a lifting and lowering platform with holders placed on it with repetition we have arrangements for contact spots of products in the cage and having a working surface that supports projected centers of gravity of the products, while the output mechanism of the products is made in the form of a set of parallel conveyor lines installed above the lifting and lowering platform with the possibility of passing holders between them. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the holders are made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds. 5. The device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the output mechanism of the products is made in the form of a combination of plate chains. 6. The device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the drive of the lifting and lowering platform is made in the form of two hinge mechanisms, consisting of H-shaped plates, the upper articulated part fixed from the bottom of the platform at its opposite edges, while between the lower the ends of the plates are installed nuts screw transmission, planted with the possibility of translational motion on the screw connected with the motor shaft. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the wheels are attached to the lower ends of the plates of the hinge mechanisms to move along the rails. 8. The device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the screw transmission screw is made with alternating left and right threads.

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