RU2654223C1 - Device for unloading ceramic products from shaft furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for unloading ceramic products from a shaft furnace. Device comprises a load fixing device, mechanism of vertical movement of the fixing device, mechanism of reducing the load and an evacuator. Load fixing device comprises a set of parallel bars in the form of steel rectangular profiles, connected at one end by the cross member to form a fork type construction, support elements for the bars in the retracted state and a drive for horizontal reciprocating displacement of the bars. Mechanism of vertical movement of the bars is made in the form of four worm-screw jacks, pairwise and oppositely to each other installed on the frame of the device, and the rods attached to the frame of the bars. Mechanism of reducing the load is made in the form of a lifting and lowering platform with projecting elements of a beam form. Platform is located on the evacuator, made in the form of a drive trolley.

EFFECT: quality of ceramic bricks is improved by ensuring that the flame of the burners hits the load channels directly.

8 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the building materials industry, in particular to the heat treatment of ceramic products, mainly bricks, carried out in continuous shaft furnaces with moving material and stationary technological zones.

State of the art

A device is known for unloading ceramic products from a shaft furnace with a vertical firing channel (see patent DE 1030240, IPC F27B 9/14, 05/14/1958), containing a lift, a support clamp for cages of products in the form of bars passing through the through gaps between the products and the trolley for removal and transportation of products.

An empty trolley rolls onto the lift, when lifting which the protrusions mounted on the trolley pass between the bars holding the cage, rest against the lower cage layer and lift it above the bars. Unloaded from the bars are moved out of the cage. A lift with a trolley, on which a cage post rests, is lowered by the size of the package being unloaded. The bars slide into the cage, passing through the through gaps between the products, and with further lowering, the package of products is separated from the cage. After the lift stops, the trolley is rolled out from under the furnace, the package is removed, and the trolley returns to its original position.

The creation and maintenance of the optimal regime of raw firing in the furnace is possible if the conditions for coinciding the torch torches with the torch channels in the cage, based on the bars, are mandatory. However, due to the individual characteristics of the batches of raw materials, the conditions for molding raw material and readjustments of the press, the thickness of the raw material has different (within the tolerance) values not only in different batches of bricks, but also inside the batch. The error accumulated over the height of the charge can lead to an unacceptable mutual position of the torches of the burners with channels in the charge, which in turn leads to the appearance of marriage, including burning of products.

The closest analogue in the presence of signs similar to the essential features of the proposed technical solution is a device for unloading ceramic products from a shaft furnace (see patent for invention RU 2518980, IPC ВВВВ 13/04, publ. 10.06.2012), containing a reduction mechanism in the form of a lifting and lowering table with protruding elements, a cage fixing mechanism and a discharge conveyor. In this case, the cage fixing mechanism includes a set of parallel bars connected to the cross member at one end and installed with the possibility of horizontal reciprocating movement and placement in through channels of the cage with the support of the free ends of the bars on the supporting elements. The device provides increased reliability and reduced unloading time.

In the prototype, it is possible to regulate the position of the cage relative to the burners with the height of the table, however, when the package of products is removed from the furnace and the error is accumulated over the height of the cage, the burners are inoperative for a long time, which leads to a violation of the firing conditions.

Disclosure of invention

The claimed invention solves the problem of improving the quality of ceramic bricks by expanding the ability to control the ingress of the flame of the burners directly into the channels of the charge.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the device for unloading ceramic products from the shaft furnace containing a cage fixing device mounted on the frame, including a set of parallel bars connected to one end of the cross member and installed with the possibility of horizontal reciprocating movement and placement in through channels of the cage with the support of the free ends of the beams on the supporting elements, a cage lowering mechanism in the form of a lifting and lowering platform with protruding elements of the beam form s, oriented along the bars of the fixing device and passing between them when lifting the platform, and the tow truck, according to the claimed invention, it is equipped with a mechanism for vertical movement of the fixing device of the charge.

The vertical movement mechanism of the cage fixing device compensates for the error accumulated by the cage caused by the deviation of the raw material in thickness, adjusting the relative position of the system components (cage-burner-cage reduction device) due to the vertical movement of the support bars within the required correction value - until the flare channels of the cage are restored to the opposite position torch burners. Due to this, the flame does not get on the brick, leading to burnout of the products, and uniform distribution of the coolant along the cross-section of the kiln channel of the furnace is ensured, which contributes to the uniformity of heating of the raw brick, reduce the exposure of products at given temperatures, increase furnace productivity and reduce fuel consumption.

Thus, the above technical results together provide a favorable firing mode and, therefore, can improve the quality of ceramic bricks.

In the specific case of the implementation of the claimed invention, the bars with the drive and supporting elements are mounted on the frame, and the vertical movement mechanism of the cage fixing device is made in the form of at least two worm-screw jacks installed on the device frame and rods attached to the frame of the bars. The frame gives structural rigidity, helping to increase the reliability of the device.

Since the worm-screw jacks drive is made in the form of a transmission from a single gear motor, a stable horizontal position of the support bars is provided, which prevents skewing of the cage in the furnace.

The necessary working conditions of the forked cage fixing device are: the presence of through channels repeating in height of the cage, with a width sufficient for the bars to pass, and compliance with the alignment of the location of the bars and the said through channels.

In a particular embodiment of the device below, the cage is made with alternating height of two types of layers, one of which is formed by rows of bricks laid on the bed and facing each other with a spoon face, and the other by rows of bricks laid on the bed and facing each other friend with a jabbing edge. Rows of bricks of each subsequent layer are placed above the through channels formed between the rows of the previous layer. The through channels of one type of cage layers are designed to accommodate the bars of the fixation device, therefore, have a sufficient width and are aligned with the bars.

Unloading of products in such a cage is carried out immediately in two layers, and the rows in each layer can be formed from products stacked in piles, for example, two or more products.

In the rows of the product is preferably placed with gaps relative to each other, which allows for the passage of the coolant and the uniformity of heat treatment in the volume of the product. These gaps are small relative to the through-gap-channels between the rows.

Due to the fact that the products in each layer are laid on the bed, the largest area for support is ensured, and hence the stability of the cage and the unloaded package of products. In addition, spots do not form on the front surfaces of bricks, which appear during firing from the contact of adjacent products placed in a row, which is aimed at improving their quality.

In a specific example of the device, the bars are made in the form of steel rectangular profiles mounted on support rollers and pressed on top by pressure rollers, while the horizontal reciprocating drive of the bars includes a gear motor with a chain drive.

The supporting elements for the free ends of the beams are preferably made in the form of suspension supports with a support surface slanting downward, with mating surfaces made at the ends of the beams.

The fastening of the supporting elements from above (suspension) contributes to the creation of favorable conditions for the tow truck, eliminates any interference with its operation.

The execution of the supporting surfaces beveled - inclined, at an angle, guarantees the contact of the cantilever ends of the bars with the supporting surface and their fixation even in the event of any distortions of the bars. The result is the reliability of the device in all conditions.

Since the platform is located on a tow truck made in the form of a drive trolley, which in turn is made in the form of two wheel blocks that are not interconnected, the vertical movement mechanism of the platform has the ability to freely reach the platform, raising it to the product cage, while leaving the trolley on rails. The result is increased operational reliability of the device.

It is preferable to perform the mechanism of vertical movement of the platform in the form of a four-post helical elevator with a transmission drive from a single electric motor, which guarantees the stability of the platform and prevents skewing of the charge in the calcining channel of the furnace.

The device is equipped with a control system with sensors for the position of the lifting and lowering platform and the position of the bars.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

in FIG. 1 - the proposed device, the kinematic diagram;

in FIG. 2 - the same, the platform is raised, the brick cage rests on the bars;

in FIG. 3 - the same, the bars are lowered and brought out from under the furnace, the cage rests on the platform;

in FIG. 4 - the same, the bars are raised and brought into the channels of the cage;

in FIG. 5 - the same, the platform is lowered, the brick cage rests on the bars.

The implementation of the invention

The shaft kiln for ceramic products contains a vertical through-firing channel that fills the product cage. The technological process in shaft-type furnaces is directed from top to bottom, which makes it possible to use the movement of products under their own weight and to exclude special vehicles for moving products through the furnace. Loading products for firing is carried out on top of the furnace, and unloading from below the firing channel.

The proposed device for unloading ceramic products, mainly bricks, from a shaft furnace, placed under the firing channel, contains (see Fig. 1) a fork fixation device of the charge, a mechanism for the vertical movement of the fixation device, the reduction mechanism of the charge and a tow truck.

The cage fixing device includes a set of parallel bars 1 in the form of rectangular steel profiles connected to one end by a cross member to form a fork-type structure, suspended support elements 2 for the bars in the retracted state, and a horizontal reciprocating beam movement of the bars in the form of a gear motor 3 s chain transmission 4. The bars 1 are mounted on the support rollers 5 and are pressed from above by the pressure rollers 6, limiting them from vertical displacement.

The mechanism of vertical movement of the bars is made in the form of four worm-screw jacks 7, installed in pairs and opposite to each other on the frame 8 of the device, and rods attached to the frame 9 bars. The drive of worm-screw jacks is made in the form of a transmission from a single gear motor 10.

The mechanism for reducing the charge is made in the form of a lifting and lowering platform 11 with protruding elements of the beam form. The platform is located on a tow truck made in the form of a drive trolley 12. The mechanism of vertical movement of the platform is made in the form of a four-post helical elevator 13 with a transmission drive from a single electric motor 14. The tow truck’s drive is made in the form of a gear motor 15 with a chain gear 16. The truck is moved along linear guides 17.

The configuration of the cages 18 of the product is close to the size and shape of the firing channel and has through channels, repeating in height of the cages, designed to accommodate the bars 1.

The cage 18 is made with alternating in height two types of layers, one of which is formed by rows of bricks facing each other with a spoon face, and the other layer is formed by rows of bricks facing each other with a bonding face. In each layer of the charge, the products are laid on the bed and rotated 90 ° relative to the products of the previous layer. Between the rows of bricks in each layer there are gaps forming through channels of the cages, made in one of the layers with a width sufficient for the passage of the beams 1. Rows of bricks of each subsequent layer are placed above the through channels formed between the rows of the previous layer.

Thanks to laying products of all layers on the bed, the cage is highly stable. The presence of through channels between the rows, the placement of rows above the through channels and the presence of gaps between the products in the rows contributes to the uniformity of heat treatment.

The device operates as follows.

In the initial position of the device, the lifting platform 11 is lowered to its lowest position and is located on the tow truck 12, the bars 1 are pushed into the cage 18 and supported by the supporting elements 2, the lower layer of the brick cage in the furnace lies on the bars 1.

At the command of the control system, the lifting of the platform 11 to the extreme upper position begins (see Fig. 2). At the same time, the bars 1 are lowered until the bottom layer of the cage is in full contact with the protruding elements of the platform 11.

On command from the sensor of the upper position of the platform, the bars 1 are advanced (retracted) from the cage zone (see Fig. 3). Then the worm-screw jacks 7 of the mechanism for the vertical movement of the bars are activated, the bars 1 are raised. The stroke of the bars 1 between the upper and lower positions is equal to the height of the paged layers of the charge. Two layers of products are unloaded at the same time. At the signal of the sensor of the upper position of the bars, they slide into the cage 18 until it rests on the supporting elements 2 (see Fig. 4). In this case, the beveled supporting surface of the elements 2 interacts with the mating surface on the free (cantilever) ends of the bars 1. The contact surfaces of the bars 1 and their supporting elements 2 inclined (wedge-shaped) guarantee contact even in the case of possible distortions of the bars, and ensures reliable operation of the device.

If in the process of removing the bottom layer of the charge from the furnace due to the accumulated error in the thickness of the brick, the condition for the coincidence of torch torches with the torch channels made in the charge, which is mandatory for creating the optimal firing regime, is violated, then the operator, controlling the vertical movement mechanism, will raise or lower the beam 1 with the installed on them cage 18 to restore the required position. The relative position of the charge and burners is controlled by the operator visually (through the inspection hole of the furnace shaft) after every 2 ÷ 4 cycles of unloading the furnace.

At the signal of the sensor for the retracted position of the bars 1, a four-post helical elevator 13 is turned on, the platform 11 with the unloaded package of products is lowered down and mounted on the tow truck 12 (see Fig. 5). The gear motor 15 is turned on, and the trolley is driven out of the lower opening of the furnace through a chain drive 16 along linear guides 17.

Upon completion of the evacuation of bricks from the furnace zone, the device is in its original position until the next signal.

Thanks to the claimed device provides a uniform distribution of the coolant over the cross section of the kiln channel of the furnace, which contributes to the uniformity of heating of the raw brick and reduce the exposure of products at given temperatures, and also eliminates burnout of products.

Claims (8)

1. A device for unloading ceramic products from a shaft furnace, comprising a cage fixing device mounted on a frame, consisting of a set of parallel beams in the form of a frame connected to one end by a cross member to form a fork-like structure and installed with the possibility of horizontal reciprocating movement and the possibility of placement bars in the through channels of the cage with the support of the free ends of the bars on the supporting elements, the mechanism for moving the cages in the form of a lifting and lowering platform with protruding the beam-shaped elements oriented along the bars of the fixing device and made with the possibility of passage between them when lifting the platform, and a tow truck, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for vertical movement of the cage fixing device, made in the form of at least two worm-screw jacks installed in pairs and opposite to each other on the frame of the device, and rods attached to the frame of the bars, while the worm-screw jacks are made in the form of a transmission from a single m otor-reducer, and bars with a drive and supporting elements are mounted on the frame. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting elements for the free ends of the beams are made in the form of suspension supports with a support surface slanting downward, while at the said ends of the beams there are mating surfaces. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the bars are made in the form of steel rectangular profiles mounted on support rollers and pressed on top by pressure rollers, while the horizontal reciprocating drive of the bars is made in the form of a gear motor with a chain drive. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the platform is located on a tow truck made in the form of a drive trolley. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism of vertical movement of the platform is made in the form of a four-post helical elevator with a transmission drive from a single electric motor. 6. The device according to p. 6, characterized in that the trolley is made in the form of two wheel blocks not connected to each other. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cage is made with alternating height of two types of layers, one of which is formed by rows of bricks laid on the bed and facing each other with a spoon face, and the other by rows of bricks laid on the bed and facing each other with a bonded face, the rows of bricks of each subsequent layer are placed above the through channels formed between the rows of the previous layer, while the through channels of one type of cage layers are made with a width sufficient for the bars of the fixing device to pass Which are arranged coaxially to them. 8. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it includes a control system with sensors for the position of the lifting-lowering table and the position of the bars.

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