RU2222194C2 - Macaroni press - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food-processing industry, in particular, dough kneading and forming, and macaroni cutting equipment. SUBSTANCE: macaroni press has extruder with screw. Screw helical surface is composed of three stages, with capacity of second stage exceeding that of first and third stages by 6-7 times. Charging hopper is connected immediately to extruder through inlet opening and is additionally furnished with second mellower. Both mellowers are made detachable and positioned at the same level in single geometric plane on vertical shafts for synchronous rotation in direction of extruder. Each of mellowers have bushing fixed on vertical shaft. Plate asymmetrically curved in three planes is rigidly fixed on upper end of bushing. Screw is made composite and comprises all-metal shaft and screw stages fixed on shaft. First and third stages are made from fluoroplastic. Ridges of screws of these stages are reinforced with metal tape connected through pins to all-metal shaft, except for first coil ridge of third stage. Last coil is absent from first stage to form free zone in front of second stage made from metal. Fourth pressing stage positioned in end part of extruder is made in the form of metal three-blade wheel. EFFECT: simplified construction and improved arrangement of macaroni press. 4 dwg

Description

 The device is intended for kneading dough, molding and cutting pasta, both in manual mode and as part of a system that provides full automation of the technological process of manufacturing pasta.

 In the pasta industry, the most widely used machines are forming dough pieces by extrusion with screws. Depending on the temperature conditions of operation of these machines, various design features are used for the well-known design of the main parts, such as containers for flour and water, for dough, devices for mixing raw materials, an extruder with a screw for moving dough and replaceable dies, vacuum evacuation devices for cooling it during the working cycle, thread cutters of the finished product (Medvedev G. // Technology of pasta production, 2nd ed., stereotype. M .: Kolos, 1998. Textbook and study guide for higher education institutions denia, - p. 65-66, fig. 15; p. 104-105, fig. 30; p. 109).

 A known press for the manufacture of pasta (Russia, application 200012177/13/022425, 08.23.2000, A 21 C 11/20), selected as a prototype, which contains a loading hopper for flour and water, a working hopper for loosening the dough, each from bunkers contains on horizontal shafts with an autonomous drive devices for mixing raw materials - cultivators. The working hopper is connected to the extruder through the inlet. In the extruder having a drive mechanism, there is a screw, the helical surface of which is divided into three stages, the second stage being located close to the inlet of the extruder, made with a throughput that is six to seven times less than the throughput of the first and third stages, and is dosing to feed the test into the evacuation zone of the third stage. In this area, above the outlet of the extruder, a storage chamber is integrated for collecting particles of flour products associated with a vacuum pump. A water cooling jacket fixed to the water source is rigidly fixed on the extruder; a replaceable die and a thread cutter of the finished product with a replaceable knife and a drive are installed in the end part of the extruder.

 The disadvantages of the known device are: the bulkiness of the structure due to the presence of two bins, the placement of rippers on horizontal shafts, insufficient cooling with a water jacket of the screw, which leads to a decrease in product quality, uneven distribution of the dough on the replaceable die, slowing down the process of pressing the dough.

 The objective of the present invention is the intensification of the technological process of obtaining a quality product by improving the layout of the device.

 To obtain this technical result, a pasta press contains a loading hopper, in which two removable cultivators with autonomous drive are mounted on the same geometric plane on one level, mounted on vertical shafts with the possibility of synchronous rotation towards the extruder, each of the cultivators contains rigidly fixed in the upper part and lower part of the sleeve, fixed on a vertical shaft, respectively, an asymmetrically bent in three planes plate and plate, pa the allelic bottom of the feed hopper, installed radially to the sleeve, and several parallel plates are installed on the ripper of the ripper nearest to the extruder, and they are evenly distributed around the circumference of the sleeve, while the feed hopper is connected directly to the extruder through the inlet, the extruder is equipped with a drive mechanism, a screw, which made of prefabricated and consists of an all-metal shaft on which three steps are fixed, while the first and third steps are made of fluoroplastic, and the crests of their turns are reinforced with with a threaded tape rigidly connected by pins with an all-metal shaft, with the exception of the crest of the first turn of the third stage, the last turn is excluded in the first stage with the formation of a free zone in front of the second stage made of metal with a throughput that is six to seven times less than the throughput of the first and third steps, an cooling water jacket fixed to the water source is rigidly fixed on the extruder, a storage chamber is installed above the inlet of the extruder in the evacuation zone of the third stage for trapping flour particles in the operating mode associated with a vacuum pump, the fourth stage of pressing is placed in the end part of the extruder, which is a three-blade metal ring, as well as a replaceable die pressed to the end of the extruder, in addition, the press is equipped with a cutter for cutting pasta with drive mounted on a swivel bracket, with a holder with a removable knife.

Distinctive features of the claimed invention are:
1. The press contains one hopper - loading.

 2. The loading hopper is supplemented by a second cultivator.

 3. Both hopper rippers are removable, mounted on vertical shafts in the same geometric plane at the same level, with the possibility of synchronous rotation towards the extruder.

 4. Each hopper ripper contains a plate rigidly fixed on the upper end and in the lower part of the sleeve fixed on a vertical shaft, respectively, asymmetrically bent in three planes and a plate parallel to the bottom of the hopper, radially to the sleeve, and on the ripper closest to the extruder, installed several, placed evenly around the circumference of the sleeve parallel to the bottom of the plates.

 5. The feed hopper is connected through an inlet directly to the extruder.

 6. The screw is made prefabricated and consists of an all-metal shaft on which three steps are fixed, the first and third of which are made of fluoroplastic, the crests of the turns of these steps are reinforced with a metal tape rigidly connected by pins to the all-metal shaft of the screw, except for the crest of the first screw of the third stage, the second stage is made of metal, and in the last stage the last turn is excluded with the formation of a free zone in front of the second stage.

 7. In the front part of the extruder in front of the replaceable die, a fourth stage of pressing is installed - a three-blade metal ring.

The device is illustrated by the following drawings:
figure 1 shows a General view of the press;
figure 2 is a view of figure 1;
figure 3 - extruder assembly;
figure 4 - the fourth stage;
The press is a monoblock design based on a frame 1 made of an angular profile. On top of the frame 1 there is a gearbox 2 and a loading hopper 3. An extruder 6 is connected to the gearbox 2 through a bearing housing 4 with bolts 5. A screw 7 is placed inside the housing of the extruder 6. The drive of the extruder 6 consists of an asynchronous three-phase motor 8, which is mounted on a plate 9 inside the frame 1, and V-belt transmission 10. In the extruder casing 6 above the outlet 11, a filler chamber 12 is built in to catch flour particles from their penetration into a vacuum pump (not shown). A mesh filter 13 is installed in the chamber 12, and in the wall of the chamber 12 there are nozzles for pumping air 14 and installing a vacuum gauge 15. The housing of the chamber 12 is closed by a cover 16 with a rubber gasket 17. For cooling, the body of the extruder 6 contains a water cooling jacket 18 with nipples 19 and 20 respectively, for supplying cold water and draining waste.

 A fourth pressing step 21 is installed in the end hole of the extruder 6, which is a three-blade stainless steel ring and serves to equalize and increase the pressure of the dough, and to change the direction of movement of the dough from axial to radial into the interchangeable die 23 following the stage 21 and ring 22, pressed against the body of the extruder 6 with a nut 24.

 A hopper 3 is connected to the extruder 6 through an inlet 25, which is a container formed by a stainless steel shell and a bottom 26 made of a polymer material. Inside the hopper 3 in one geometric plane, two removable cultivators 27 and 28 are installed at the same level, having an independent drive 29, which is installed inside the frame 1 and consists of an electric motor 30, a gearbox 31, a chain drive 32 and a V-belt drive 33. The gear 32 is equipped with a spring loaded tensioner 34. On top of the hopper 3 is closed by a safety net 35 with electric lock. A dropper 36 is installed on the hopper 3.

 Removable cultivators 27 and 28 are mounted on the vertical shafts 37 of the self-contained drive 29, with the possibility of synchronous rotation towards the extruder, and each contains a plate 39, asymmetrically bent in three planes, and mounted radially to the sleeve 38 parallel to the bottom 26 of the hopper 3 plate 40, and on the ripper 27, located closer to the inlet 25 of the extruder 6, made several evenly spaced around the circumference of the sleeve 38 of the plates 40, for example three. The bushings 38 are fixed to the shafts 37 with pins 41.

 The screw 7 is prefabricated and consists of an all-metal shaft 42 and the first 43, second 44, third 45 steps fixed on it. Steps 43 and 45 are made of fluoroplastic, and the crests of their turns are reinforced with stainless steel tape 46, rigidly connected to the shaft 42 with pins 47, with the exception of the crest of the first turn 48 of the third stage.

 In step 43, the last turn is excluded with the formation of a free zone A in front of the step 44, made of metal and with a throughput six times smaller than the first 43 and second 45 steps.

 For cutting pasta strands leaving the interchangeable die 23, the press is equipped with a shut-off device 49 with a drive consisting of an electric motor 50 and a gear 51 mounted on a swivel bracket 52, fixed by a nut 53, on the extruder body 6. The shut-off device 49 is equipped with a holder 54 with an interchangeable knife 55.

 The control cabinet (not shown) is combined with the control panel and is located autonomously next to the press. On the panel of the control panel there are buttons "On" and "Off" for turning on and off the rippers 27 and 28, the extruder 6, a vacuum pump (not shown) and a shut-off device 49; buttons "T Obverse", "T Reverse" for short-term inclusion of a press, the handle of regulation of length of a finished product "Product length", the button "TOTAL STOP" for emergency shutdown of all mechanisms of a press, except for the pump.

 Press for the manufacture of pasta works as follows. Turn on the electric motor 30 of cultivators 27 and 28 by pressing the "On" button on the control panel. Then, without removing the safety net 34, load flour into the hopper 3, pour water through a dropper 35.

 With the plates 52 of rippers 26 and 27 rotating synchronously towards the extruder 6, the flour and water mix and turn into a pasty mass, which gradually moves to the bottom 26 of the hopper 3. Moreover, the bent upper ends of the plate 39 do not immediately allow the mixed mass to fall down and at the same time clean the side surfaces of the hopper 3 from the adhering mass. The doughy mass gradually moves to the bottom 26, with this, the flour and water are mixed and the mass is loosened, and then, due to the plate 40, the mass is moved to the inlet 25 of the extruder 6, as well as the bottom is removed from the adhesive mass 26 by the plates 40. The presence of several plates 40 on Ripper 27 allows you to speed up the process of loosening and moving the mass to the screw 7, ensuring its normal loading. The criterion for the normal kneading of the first batch of dough is the size of the lumps of dough and the presence of a free fraction of flour.

 After filling the hopper 3 by pressing the "T Reverse" button, the dry mass of flour is displaced from the first stage 43 of the screw 7. The operation is repeated five times with an interval of 1 minute.

 Then, the electric motor 50 of the shut-off device 49, the electric motor 8 of the extruder 6 are turned on in series, water is supplied to the cooling water jacket 18 and to the vacuum pump. The handle "Product length" set the increased speed of the knife 55.

 The first stage 43 of screw 7 moves the dough into zone A in front of stage 44 and due to the constructive execution of stage 44 and free space in zone A, a cork is formed, while the air is partially forced out of the test back into hopper 3, and passing through stage 44, the dough is divided on the strands and in this form it enters the evacuation zone B, while the best conditions are created for the final removal of air from the dough. At the initial moment, excess dough may enter the filling chamber 12, which are removed by the operator immediately or after the end of work.

 In the third stage 45, the dough is pressed and moves to the fourth stage of pressing 21. During operation, all stages of the screw 7, stage 21, ring 22, die 23 are heated. The water jacket 18 and the execution of steps 43 and 45 from material with a low coefficient of friction, while maintaining the strength characteristics of the screw 7 due to the reinforcement of the crests of the turns of steps 43 and 45 with stainless steel tape 46, are protected from excessive overheating and, as a consequence, from breaking down the gluten of the dough. connected by pins 47 to the all-metal shaft 42 of the screw 7. The absence of reinforcement with tape 46 on the crest of the first turn 48 of the third stage 45 allows the dough threads from step 44 to enter the evacuation zone B of stage 45 more smoothly.

 Next, the dough moves to the fourth step 21, the three-blade ring of the step 21 equalizes and increases the feed pressure, and also changes the direction of the dough movement from axial to radial, which allows more even distribution of the dough on the removable die 23, and, as a result, five to ten times bring the press to press mode faster.

 Upon reaching the pressing mode by pressing the "On" button turn on the vacuum pump. Test evacuation takes place in zone B, and it begins to be squeezed out of the replaceable die 23. By means of knife 55, cutter 49 cuts off the finished product to the desired length. Next, the work cycle is repeated.

 Kneading the test is done in portions, with an interval of 5 minutes.

Claims (1)

Press for the manufacture of pasta, containing a loading hopper with a safety net, with a dropper, with a flour and water cultivator equipped with an independent drive, an extruder with a drive mechanism, with a screw located inside the extruder, with a cooling water jacket rigidly fixed to the extruder and connected with a water source, with an outlet, above which a storage chamber is installed in the extruder for collecting flour particles, connected to a vacuum pump, with a replaceable die installed in the end part and an extruder, with a finished product cutter with a drive mounted on a swivel bracket, mounted on an extruder, equipped with a holder with an interchangeable knife, in addition, the screw surface of the screw is made of three stages, and the second stage is made with a throughput of six to seven times less throughput the ability of the first and third stages, characterized in that the hopper is connected directly to the extruder through the inlet and is supplemented with a second cultivator, both cultivators are removable, installed At the same level in the same geometric plane on the vertical shafts with the possibility of synchronous rotation towards the extruder, each of the rippers contains a sleeve fixed on a vertical shaft, on the upper end of which an asymmetrically curved in three planes plate is rigidly fixed on the bottom of the sleeve along the radius a plate is installed to it, parallel to the bottom of the loading hopper, and on the cultivator located closer to the inlet of the extruder, several plates parallel to the bottom of the hopper are installed n, evenly spaced around the circumference of the sleeve, in addition, the screw is prefabricated and contains an all-metal shaft on which the steps of the screw are fixed, the first and third steps are made of fluoroplastic, the screw combs of these steps are reinforced with a metal tape connected by pins to the all-metal shaft, with the exception of the crest of the first turn of the third step, in the first step there is no last turn with the formation of a free zone in front of the second step made of metal, and in the end part of the extruder is installed The fourth pressing step is a metal three-blade ring.

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