RU2219035C1 - Method for working railway road wheels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway road transport, strengthening of railway road wheel profile restored by cutting process. SUBSTANCE: method comprises steps of restoring necessary profile of wheel by metal cutting tool at rotation of wheel around its axis; further plastic deformation of surface layer in zone of wheel fillet and portions adjoining to it; in order to increase operation period of wheels between restoration procedures, performing plastic deformation by forming microrelief in the form of craters. It is possible to perform plastic deformation at rotating tool around its axis while providing tightness between tool and wheel fillet. It is possible to perform plastic deformation at reciprocation motion of tool or at its oscillating motion. Formed craters may be filled with lubrication material preliminarily or due to contact of wheel with lubrication material applied onto rail during lubricating. Surface of fillet with formed microrelief may be subjected to additional plastic deformation. Zone of fillet and of portions adjoining to it may be subjected to additional heat treatment. EFFECT: increased resource period between restoration procedures of wheels. 7 cl, 3 dwg, 4 ex

Description

 The present invention relates to the hardening of the working profile of railway wheels restored by cutting.

 Closest to the claimed solution is the method [Turning bandages and rims of solid-rolled wheels along the profile. Instructions on the formation and maintenance of wheel pairs of traction rolling stock of railways of 1520 mm gauge. CT / 4351], which includes restoring the desired profile of the wheel with a metal cutting tool when the wheel rotates around its axis and subsequent plastic deformation of the surface layer in order to improve the cleanliness of the surface of the tires on the rolling surface. Examples of such processing are the processing of wheelsets of wagons and locomotives on special metal-cutting equipment by rotating the wheel around its axis with plastic deformation (knurling by roller) of the surface with a tool. The disadvantage of this solution is the limited wheel life. This is due to the fact that after rolling with a roller, a smooth surface is formed, unable to retain lubricant on its surface (available on the rail, applied during lubrication), with a thin layer of deformed (hardened) material, limiting the life-time recovery period.

 (Lubrication - applying lubricant to the side surfaces of the rail head to reduce friction of the wheel fillet against the rail).

 The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the resource of the wheel between regenerative treatments.

 The technical result is achieved by creating a hardened layer with a given microrelief on the surface of the wheel in the fillet region by vibro-rolling (that is, deformation of the fillet working surface by a tool for forming a microrelief creating a surface hardened metal layer and microwells capable of holding lubricant).

 The method includes restoring the desired profile of the wheel with a metal-cutting tool during rotation of the wheel around its axis and subsequent plastic deformation of the surface layer in the region of the fillet of the wheel and adjacent sections. Plastic deformation is performed by forming a microrelief in the form of holes.

 Plastic deformation can be carried out by rotating the tool around its axis with the provision of an interference between the tool and the wheel fillet.

 Plastic deformation can be carried out with the reciprocating movement of the tool.

 Plastic deformation can be carried out by providing oscillating motion with a variable interference fit.

 The formed wells can be filled with lubricant previously and / or in the process of contact of the wheel with the lubricant deposited on the rail during lubrication.

 The surface of the fillet with a microrelief applied can be subjected to additional plastic deformation.

 The region of the fillet and adjacent areas may be further heat treated.

 In FIG. 1 shows a sketch of a vibration-treated fillet wheel; FIG. 2 is a microrelief diagram of a vibro-machined surface; FIG. 3 - sketch of the surface of the fillet after the deformation of the protrusions during operation.

 The rationale for the proposed method is as follows. In the process of processing the wheel 1 with a tool (vibratory rolling) 2 along the surface 3 of the wheel at the boundaries 4, a vibrated rolling surface 5 is formed. The resulting surface represents a mosaic (controlled regular) arrangement of the holes 6, i.e. the surface microrelief is an alternation of elevations 7 and holes 8. Due to the uneven action of the tool, high deformation zones 9 are formed on the surface with a sufficiently large thickness of the hardened layer in the holes 8 and insignificant at the elevations 7. During operation of the wheel during the running-in period, the initial profile 10 is deformed to profile 11. An equal-thickness hardened zone 12 is formed along the entire profile. Wells 6 are preliminarily (or as a result of the fillet contact with a rail having a lubricant applied during lubrication) filled with lubricant 13. The presence of a hardened surface layer reduces the wear rate of the wheel. The presence of lubricant in the wells 6 reduces the friction force of the fillet against the rail, i.e. also reduces the wear rate of the wheel (and rail). Both of these factors increase the resource of the wheel (and rail).

 Example 1 of the implementation of the method. A 150-wheeled pair was installed on a wheel-turning machine of the UBB model, and wheels were turned using standard technology to obtain the desired profile. Then a special tool was installed, the wheel was rotated around its axis, the tool was brought to the fillet of the wheel until interference was created, reciprocating motion was set, i.e., processing (vibro-rolling) in the fillet region on the working part of the wheel by plastic deformation with the formation of microrelief. The second wheel in the fillet region was reinforced with a conventional knurling roller (using the standard prototype technology), i.e. without microrelief. Labeled the wheels to identify the experiment. The example was carried out in two versions: 1 - the vibration rolling was completed on this and grease was applied to the fillet surface; 2 - after the formation of the holes, grease was applied and additional plastic deformation was performed with a conventional roller knurling (as on the second wheel) to partially clog the grease in the holes.

 After a run of 2000 km, the wheelset was subjected to control.

 It was found that when processing by vibro-rolling without additional plastic deformation (option 1), the relative wear is 15–18% lower in the fillet region than in a wheel subjected to ordinary plastic deformation without a microrelief. The use of additional plastic deformation (option 2, see item 4 in the formula) after vibration wrapping makes the relative wear of the vibro-rolled wheel with a microrelief lower by 23-27% in the fillet region compared to the usual rolled without a microrelief. This confirms the achievement of the technical result and the advantage of the implementation of the method according to option 2.

 Example 2 of the implementation of the method. In the previous example, a constant-tightening vibro-rolling method was considered.

 In this example, along with the indicated movement of the tool (feed), one of the types of additional movements of the tool (rotational, oscillating, reciprocating), namely, oscillating, was used.

 With this processing method, wear decreased without additional deformation (option 1) by 19-26%, with additional deformation (option 2) by 28-32%, that is, the achievement of the technical result is ensured.

 Example 3. Everything was done, as in example 1, but the instrument was still given a rotational movement. Relative depreciation (option 1) decreased by 17-20%.

 Example 4. Everything was done as in example I, but the fillet region was subjected to hardening heat treatment. Relative depreciation decreased by 32-37% p

Claims (7)

1. A method of processing railway wheels, including restoring the desired wheel profile with a metal cutting tool when the wheel rotates around its axis and subsequent plastic deformation of the surface layer in the region of the wheel fillet and adjacent sections, characterized in that the plastic deformation is performed by forming a microrelief in the form of holes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic deformation is carried out by rotating the tool around its axis, providing an interference between the tool and the wheel fillet. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they carry out plastic deformation during the reciprocating movement of the tool. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plastic deformation is carried out by providing oscillating motion with a variable interference fit. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formed wells are filled with lubricant previously and / or in the process of contact of the wheel with the lubricant deposited on the rail during lubrication. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the surface of the fillet coated with a microrelief is subjected to additional plastic deformation. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the region of the fillet and adjacent areas is further subjected to heat treatment.

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