RU2218307C1 - Mineralized water distilling plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: farming; irrigated farming agriculture; hydro-meliorative systems at closed circulating cycle; industrial and agricultural water supply systems. SUBSTANCE: proposed plant includes supply passage with water mineralization sensor, water divider and water outlets, mineralized water storage reservoir having two compartments, distilled water storage reservoir , evaporator, pumping stations, supply pressure pipe lines, ice platform with anti-filtration shield, guard shafts, drain and water outlets, winter sprinkling apparatus for freezing-out ice mass, brine and distilled water collecting passage, closed gravity- flowing collector with water intakes, control and measuring complex for monitoring mineralized water in collector, air heater and compressor for delivery of heated air to collector. Ice platform made in form of cone or hollow cylinder and provided with draining centering troughs is located in center of plant. Ice platform is provided with circular cutoff drain, water outlets, guard shafts and is bounded over perimeter with collecting passage connected with water intakes . Mineralized and distilled water storage reservoirs and evaporator are located within ring and are divided by strips. They are separated from collector passage by means of dike where circular pressure pipe line is located. This pipe line is provided with winter sprinkling apparatus smoothly distributed over its length. Collecting passage and closed gravity-flowing collector consist of two sections each at opposite inclination towards pumping station which is provided with antechamber connected with closed gravity- flowing by means of water conduit with adjusting facility and control and measuring complex. Plant is provided with well for pumping brines, additional pumping station with water intake from evaporator and pressure pipe line. Ice platform made in form of hollow cylinder is provided with level gauge and its surface is black. Plant is also provided with boost pumping station with water intake from evaporator and pressure pipe line for delivery of brine within ice platform. Evaporator is provided with worm conveyer, centrifuge and salt packaging mechanism; plant includes also salt storage reservoir. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 16 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for desalination of mineralized water by freezing using natural climatic factors and can be used in irrigated agriculture to create irrigation and drainage systems with a closed water cycle, as well as for industrial and agricultural water supply.

Known installation for layer-by-layer freezing and thawing of ice in natural conditions, containing a pump associated with pressure pipes for supplying water to the ice platform, vertical risers with liquid ring nozzles, a drainage pipe, which, in order to obtain ice from saline and circulating water, is equipped with perforated brine pipes united by a common collector and a pump, the ice platform has a bulk drainage layer, while the pipes for water supply and brine pipes are installed with thereof 1-2 ^o , the latter are located in the drainage layer, and on vertical risers mounted vibrators and interchangeable water dividers; one of the dividers, intended for freezing, is made in the form of a cone, and the other, intended for defrosting, is in the form of a perforated hemispherical shell (SU, copyright certificate 875185, M. class ³ F 25 C 1/02. Installation for layer-by-layer freezing and ice defrosting in natural conditions // Bakalov V.D., Groman D.S., Minasyan R.G. and Kornev V.A. Declared August 31, 78, published October 23, 81).

 The disadvantages of this installation include low productivity due to the use of layer-by-layer freezing technology, the lack of linking rain parameters with meteorological factors, the inability to create high ice masses, the duration of the desalination process, and the low reliability of the brine removal system.

Also known is a plant for desalination of mineralized waters, including desalination ice platforms, a pumping station with a supply pressure pipe, a sprinkler for spraying, a bulk drainage layer, a drainage pipe and an evaporation pond, which, in order to increase efficiency by providing quality control and mineralization of desalinated water, is additionally contains a mineralized water storage pond with a bottom outlet and a pit in the intake zone, a desalinated water storage pond, a pressure pipe od pumping station is provided with a perforated pipe in the lower region of the pit water intake and drainage pipeline valve is equipped; the storage pond, the storage pond and the evaporation pond are sequentially located in the direction of the main slope of the terrain; it additionally contains a pool for the accumulation of mineralized water and a channel for supplying fresh water; it is equipped with equipment for applying fine particles to the ice massif (SU, copyright certificate 1786005 A1, IPC ⁵ C 02 F 1/22. Installation for desalination of mineralized waters // Alimov AG, Varlamov NE, Bryzgalin A. D ., Marinenko V.E., Kontorovich II, Balbekov R.A. Declared on 09.11.89, published on 07.01.93).

 The disadvantages of this installation are the low reliability of the brine outlet system in the winter, restrictions on the terrain, in the conditions of which the creation and effective operation of the installation is possible - ravine-beam network.

It is also known a device for desalination of salt water, containing pools for freezing and accumulating salt ice, and the storage pool is located in the center and contains a drainage system and pipelines, in which, in order to reduce the volume of earthworks during its construction and placement in topographically difficult terrain, pools for freezing and accumulation are coaxial and have a horizontal cross-sectional shape (SU, copyright certificate 1808815 A1, IPC ⁵ C 02 F 1/22, 01 D 9/04. Device for desalination of salt water // I.I.Ne Good. Claimed 09/29/89, published 04/15/93).

 The disadvantages of the device are low productivity due to the use of technology of layer-by-layer freezing of ice, the lack of technical solutions for a new special high-performance ice-making machine and a mechanism for throwing developed ice from the bottom to the storage pool.

 We have taken this device as a prototype.

 There is also known a plant for desalination of mineralized water, including a store of mineralized water, a pumping station with inlet pressure pipes for supplying mineralized water to ice platforms to winter sprinklers and desalinated water to the consumer, interconnected by a regulatory structure, an ice platform with a drainage layer, an anti-filter screen shafts, shut-off drains and outlets, winter sprinklers for freezing the ice massif, collecting channel fishing and desalinated water with regulatory facilities, a desalinated water storage tank and an evaporator, further comprises a control and measuring complex, a power plant and a closed gravity collector connected to the collector channel by water intakes, the head of which is made of hydrophobic material and protected from snow, and the collector laid below the long-term average freezing depth of soils and has a control structure to change the direction of flow either to the evaporator or to the desalinated tank water; a control and measuring complex for monitoring the level of mineralization of water in the collector channel and the closed gravity collector is connected with actuators of regulatory structures for changing the direction of flow; the power plant is electrically connected to a device for heating air and a compressor for supplying heated air to a closed gravity collector; the mineralized water storage tank is hydraulically connected to the evaporator via a pump station by a pressure pipe.

 The main disadvantage of the installation is limited conditions for implementation - the terrain with a one-sided slope (slope).

 This installation, as the closest to the invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result, is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is desalination of mineralized water by natural freezing in a flat terrain.

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to reduce the installation area due to the rational layout of its elements, increase efficiency by reducing the duration of evaporation of residual brines from desalination of mineralized water and environmental reliability as a result of the extraction of salts from the technological cycle, as well as their safe storage.

 The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a known installation for desalination of mineralized water, including a supply channel, storage of mineralized and desalinated water, an evaporator, a pumping station with intakes from storage of mineralized and desalinated water, supply pipelines for supplying mineralized water to the ice platform to winter sprinklers, to the evaporator and desalinated water to the consumer, an ice platform with a drainage layer, an anti-filter screen, by defensive shafts, shut-off drainage and water outlets, winter sprinklers for freezing the ice mass, collector channel for brines and desalinated water with regulating structures laid below the average annual freezing depth of the soil, a closed gravity collector with regulating structures for directing the flow to the evaporator or to the desalination tank connected to the collector channel by water intakes, the head of which is made of hydrophobic material and is protected from snowfall, for tracking I am behind the level of water mineralization in the collector channel and the closed gravity collector; a control and measurement complex connected with actuators of regulatory structures for changing the flow direction; a power plant electrically connected to an air heating device and a compressor for supplying heated air to a closed gravity collector, in which according to the invention the ice platform has the shape of a cone, placed in the center of the installation, provided in the peripheral part of the annular cut-off drain equal to unevenly distributed along the external boundary by water outlets, protective shafts and limited along the perimeter by an annular collector channel for brines and desalinated water, hydraulically connected to an annular closed gravity collector, a saline water storage tank, desalinated water storage device and an evaporator are arranged sequentially within the same ring, separated by jumpers have an antifiltration coating and are separated from the collector channel by an annular earthen dam with an annular pressure pipe located in it plumbing for supplying mineralized water to winter sprinklers; the collector channel for brines and desalinated water, the saline water reservoir and the desalinated water reservoir have a cross section with increasing width along the top with increasing slope of the bottom, each of which is given a slope of the bottom towards the pump station, their outer edges are arranged in circles with centers, displaced with respect to the center of the ice platform along the axial line in the direction of the pumping station; the collector channel for brines and desalinated water is made of two sections with opposite slopes towards the pumping station, each of which has a half-ring in horizontal section; a closed gravity collector is made of two sections with opposite slopes towards the pumping station, while they are interconnected by interconnecting wells and have a horizontal cross-sectional shape; hydrants and winter sprinklers are evenly distributed along the length of the annular pressure pipe to supply mineralized water to the winter sprinklers; the pump station is equipped with an advance chamber hydraulically connected to the closed gravity collector by means of a water conduit with a regulating structure and a monitoring and measuring complex for monitoring the level of water mineralization, the latter being electrically connected to the actuators of the pump station; the ice platform is provided with an anti-filtration hard coating on a sand and / or gravel cushion and contains stock-concentrating troughs from the center of the ice platform to the outlets into the collector channel, and the troughs have a cross section of variable length, increasing from the center of the ice platform to the outlets; guard shafts have a segment shape in plan; the mineralized water storage device is made of two compartments hydraulically connected by means of a control structure, and the inlet channel has a water mineralization level sensor, a water divider and water outlets to each compartment, wherein the water splitter actuator is electrically connected to the water mineralization level sensor; the installation is equipped with a well for pumping brines into the underground horizons and an additional pumping station with a water intake from the evaporator, hydraulically interconnected by a pressure pipe; the ice platform has the shape of a hollow cylinder, the base of which is provided with stock-concentrating troughs from the center of the ice platform to the outlets to the collector channel, the troughs having a cross section of variable length, increasing from the center of the ice platform to the outlets, and the outlets contain gates; the surface of the ice platform is black or close to it in reflectivity; the unit is equipped with a booster pump station with an intake from the evaporator and a pressure pipe for supplying brines to the ice platform with closed gates at the outlets; the ice platform is equipped with a level gauge electrically connected to a booster pump station; the evaporator contains a bottom exit and is equipped with a screw conveyor for the supply of salts, a centrifuge for the dehydration of salts and a mechanism for packing the salts in a waterproof package; the unit is equipped with a salt storage.

 Due to the fact that the unit is equipped with an ice platform in the form of a cone or a hollow cylinder with stock concentrating troughs, and the remaining elements of the installation are located around it in the form of fragments of rings, independent rings and sequentially within the same ring, the ice platform is additionally used for evaporation of residual brines, brine extraction is provided from the evaporator, its injection into the underground horizons or the extraction of salts from the evaporator, their dehydration, packaging and storage for a specified period, the decree is achieved The required technical result.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a plant for desalination of mineralized water by freezing with a conical ice platform, the process of freezing the ice massif, top view.

 Figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1.

 Figure 3 is a section bb in figure 1.

 Figure 4 is a section CC in figure 1.

 In FIG. 5 - node D in figure 1, the layout of the communications in the area of the pumping station, top view.

 Figure 6 - collector channel of brines and desalinated water, a reservoir of saline water and a store of desalinated water with a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape and the slope of the bottom towards the pumping station, top view.

 In FIG. 7 - installation for desalination of mineralized water by freezing with a cylindrical ice platform, the process of evaporation of brines from the evaporator and the ice platform, top view.

 On Fig - section EE in Fig.7.

 Information confirming the possibility of implementing the invention are as follows.

 Installation for desalination of mineralized water by the method of freezing contains a drive 1 of mineralized water with an anti-filter coating 2, consisting of two compartments 3 and 4, which are separated by a waterproof jumper 5 and hydraulically connected to each other by a regulatory structure 6; a supply channel 7 with a water mineralization sensor 8 and a communication line 9, a water divider 10, water outlets 11 and 12, respectively, into compartments 3 and 4 of the storage device 1 for transporting mineralized water, for example, drainage from the irrigation and drainage system, to the installation; desalinated water storage tank 13 with an anti-filtration coating (not shown), desalination residual evaporator 14 with an anti-filtration coating (not shown), a pump station 15 with water intakes from a saline water storage 1, desalinated water storage 13, aeration chamber 16, a pressure pipe 17 and an annular pressure pipe 18 with hydrants 19 evenly distributed along its length; an ice pad 20 in the form of a cone (Figs. 1-5) or a hollow cylinder (Figs. 7 and 8) for freezing the ice massif 21 with the following structural elements: hardfiltration coating 22 on a sand and / or gravel cushion 23, stock-concentrating troughs 24 from the center ice platforms to the periphery, having a variable cross-sectional length, an annular cut-off drain 25, uniformly distributed along the outer boundary of the ice area with guard shafts 26 in the form of ring fragments or segments (in plan), outlets 27 with shutters 28 sludge and without them; winter sprinkling apparatuses (installations) 29 connected to hydrants 19; an open annular collector channel 30 of brines and desalinated water with an anti-filter protection 31 and water intakes 32, through the last collector channel 30 is connected to an annular closed gravity collector 33; a gravity water conduit 34 with a regulating structure 35 for supplying brines and desalinated water from a closed gravity collector 33 to the ditch chamber 16, a pressure line 36 for pumping desalinated water from a ditch chamber 15 to a desalinated water storage tank 13, a pressure line 37 for supplying desalinated water the consumer, the supply pressure pipe 38 for supplying mineralized water to the evaporator 14, a power plant 39 (for example, wind power), providing energy to the device 40 for heating and air and compressor 41 for supplying it to a closed gravity manifold 33; a control and measuring complex 42 for monitoring the level of water mineralization in a closed gravity collector 33, a water conduit 34, and an inlet chamber 16 connected to the actuators of the pump station 15 (communication lines and actuators themselves are not shown); transition bridges 43 through the collector channel 30 located above the water intakes 32; well 44 for pumping brines into underground horizons, an additional pump station 45 with water intake from the evaporator 14 and pressure pipe 46 for supplying brines to the well 44, pumping pump station 47 with water intake from the evaporator 14 and pressure pipe 48 for supplying brines to the ice platform 20 ( in the form of a hollow cylinder) with closed gates 28 at the outlets 27, a level gauge 49 on the evaporator 14, electrically connected to the pump station 15 (communication line not shown); the level gauge 50 on the ice platform 20 (in the form of a hollow cylinder), equipped with a communication line 51 with a booster pump station 47. Additionally, the evaporator 14 includes a ramp 52 and is equipped with a screw conveyor 53 for supplying salts, a centrifuge 54 for dewatering salts and a mechanism 55 for packing salts in a waterproof packaging, and the installation has a storage of 56 packaged salts.

 To ensure gravity supply of water to the tank 16, the bottom of the reservoir 1 of mineralized water and the bottom of the reservoir 13 of desalinated water is made with a bias towards the pump station 15.

The collector channel 30 of brines and desalinated water, a reservoir 1 of saline water and a reservoir 13 of desalinated water may have cross sections different from a rectangular shape, for example trapezoidal, parabolic or otherwise, for which the width along the top increases with an increase in the slope of the bottom. In this case, the outer edges of the collector channel 30 (radius R ₂ ), storage rings 1 and 13 (radius R ₃ ) are placed in circles displaced relative to the center of the ice platform 20 along the axial line in the direction of the pumping station 15, respectively, by Δ ₁ and Δ ₂ (cm Fig. 6).

 To ensure the effective removal of brines and desalinated water in the tank 16, the collector channel 30 is made of two sections with points on the axial line 57-58-59 and 57-60-59 (figure 1), which have an opposite slope towards the pump station 15 Likewise, the closed gravity collector 33 has two sections 57-58-59 and 57-60-59 with opposite slopes towards the pump station 15, and they are interconnected by interfacing wells 57 and 59.

 Winter sprinkling devices (installations) 29 have a range of artificial rain torch 61 by 10-20%, exceeding the radius of the ice platform 20.

 Installation works as follows.

For example, the source of saline water is drainage of irrigation and drainage systems. Throughout the entire period of drainage operation (200-250 days in the Volgograd region), mineralized water enters the supply channel 7 through a collector-drainage network (not shown) and, depending on its salinity, m = f (T), where T is the time , by means of a water divider 10, it is directed through water outlets 11 or 12 to the corresponding compartment 3 or 4 of the reservoir 1 of mineralized water and accumulated in them. In this case, the regulatory structure 6 on the jumper 5 is closed. The control of the level of water mineralization in the inlet channel 7 is carried out by the sensor 8, which is connected via line 9 to the actuator (not shown) of the water divider 10. When water is mineralized, m≥а, the water divider 10 directs water through the outlet 12 to compartment 4 of drive 1, and for m <a - along the outlet 11 into compartment 3 of drive 1, where a is a certain marginal value of runoff mineralization for a particular object. In winter, when the air temperature drops below -5 ^o С, mineralized water (m≥а) from compartment 4 of accumulator 1 is pumped by pump station 15 through a pressure pipe 17, pressure ring pipe 18 and through hydrants 19 to winter sprinkling devices (installations) 29, with the help of which, within the framework of the ice platform 20, an ice mass of porous ice 21 (the first stage of desalination of mineralized water) is frozen by the known method. After emptying compartment 4 of drive 1, the control structure 6 is opened, water from compartment 3 (m <a) flows by gravity into compartment 4 and is then similarly used to further freeze the ice mass. The process of freezing the ice mass continues until the complete emptying of the reservoir 1 of mineralized water.

 During the formation of the ice mass 21, brine formation and filtration takes place, which flows down the surface and the stock-concentrating troughs 24 of the ice platform 20 to its peripheral part, is collected by protective shafts 26 and enters the open annular collector channel 30 through openings 27 with or without openings 28 Next, the brine through water intakes 32 with heads 62 made of hydrophobic material and protected by transition bridges 43 from ingress of snow and other precipitation, fall into a ring closed gravity a collector 33 laid below the long-term average freezing depth of the soil in the installation area of the installation, and along it in the direction of the slope of the bottom and through the water conduit 34 to the tank chamber 16 of the pump station 15. To create conditions for unimpeded drainage of brines in the winter period through a circular closed gravity collector 33 power plant 39 (when desalinating the mineralized drainage drainage of irrigation and drainage systems, it is advisable to use wind power plants) periodically or as needed, which can be controlled being sensed by air temperature sensors in the collector 33 (not shown), supplies electricity to the air heating device 40 (air heater) and a compressor 41, which pumps heated air through the control structure 35 and the gravity conduit 34 to the collector 33, thereby ensuring that it is stored in it positive air temperature. The collector 33 operates in a non-pressure mode and always has free space for the intake of heated air. When there is no need to heat the collector 33, the power plant 39 provides electricity to other consumers within the installation, for example pumping stations, and outside it (not shown).

 Next, the brines from the chambers 16 are taken by the pumping station 15 and fed through the inlet pressure pipe 38 to the evaporator 14, in which they are accumulated. During the formation of a porous ice mass, its salt content decreases 10-12 times compared with the initial salinity of desalinated water, which was proved during the experiments.

 With the onset of positive air temperatures, the ice mass naturally melts (the second stage of desalination of mineralized water). The first portions of melt water, if its mineralization is higher than permissible according to the requirements of the consumer, are supplied from the ice platform 20 through the outlets 27 to the collector channel 30, and then through the water intakes 32 to the collector 33 and through it to the chamber 16, from which they are taken by the pump station 15 and by the supply pressure pipe 38 is fed to the evaporator 14. Fresh melt water is discharged in a similar manner, but from the fore-chamber 16, the pumping station 15 is fed through the supply pressure pipe 36 to the desalinated water storage 13 in which it is accumulated. Changing the direction of wastewater disposal from the fore-chamber 16 is carried out in manual or automatic mode using actuators (not shown) of the pump station 15 based on the data of the control and measuring complex 42 for monitoring the level of water mineralization in the collector 33 and the fore tank 16. The process of forming desalinated water and its accumulation in the accumulator 13 is completed by the time the natural melting of the ice mass 21 is completed.

 The interception of soil flow in the area of action of the collector channel 30 is carried out by an annular cut-off drain 25, which diverts water into the collector 33 in a pressureless mode and then, according to the above scheme, depending on the salinity in the desalinated water storage 13 or evaporator 14.

 As far as the formation and / or at the request of the consumer, desalinated water from the reservoir 13 by the pump station 15 is supplied to the consumer through the inlet pressure pipe 37, in the conditions of the considered example, into the conducting irrigation network of the irrigation and drainage system for subsequent irrigation of crops.

 If necessary, control of the quality of desalinated water can be carried out within the installation by mixing in the required proportion with mineralized water from the reservoir 1 or by adding various chemical meliorants (nitric acid, calcium nitrate, etc.) to it. Structurally, the blocks for mixing and chemical reclamation of desalinated water are placed within the building of the pumping station 15 (not shown).

 The further operation of the installation for the disposal of residual desalination brines is determined by the geological and hydrogeological conditions in the construction zone of the installation, as well as the adopted version of the technical solution for the ice platform 20.

 Under favorable geological and hydrogeological conditions in the area where the installation for pumping brines into the underground horizons was created, this process is carried out using a well 44, where brines from the evaporator 14 are supplied by an additional pumping station 45 via a pressure pipe 46. For example, for the conditions of the Volgograd region, the possibility of liquid waste disposal is justified in stagnant underground depressions and subsalt horizons (see Sinyakov V.N., Starovoitov M.K., Polyaninov L.Ya. et al. Geoecological problems of underground and aboveground nato liquid wastes in salt dome areas. - M.: NIA-Priroda, 2001. - 153 p.).

 Option 1: the ice platform 20 has the shape of a cone (Fig.1-5).

The brines in evaporator 14 during the warm season as a result of natural evaporation are concentrated to brine and salts. In order to prevent wind salt transfer when the evaporator 14 reaches the minimum acceptable level of brine h = h _min , which is controlled by a level gauge 49, it is pumped with mineral water to the brine level h = h _min +5 through a pump 38 via pump station 15 ... 10 cm. After the expiration of the service life of the plant or irrigation and drainage system (consumer of desalinated water), brine and salt in the evaporator 14 are to be disposed of or processed using special technology (not the subject of the invention).

 Option 2: the ice platform is made in the form of a hollow cylinder (Fig.7 and 8), and its surface is black or close to it in reflectivity color.

The process of collecting, transporting and accumulating brines in the evaporator 14 takes place in a similar way. After completion of the melting of the ice mass 21 on the ice platform 20, the closures 28 at the outlets 27 are closed. The pumping station 47 picks up the brine from the evaporator 14 and delivers a cylindrical container within the ice platform 20 to the level h ₁ formed by the protective shafts 26 and closed gates 28 to the level 20 = 25 ... 30 cm above the flat base. The required maximum value of the level of brines within the ice platform 20 is set by the level gauge 50, which is electrically connected to the actuators (not shown) of the booster pump station 47. The brines accumulated within the ice platform undergo natural evaporation. Upon reaching the level of brines h ₂ = 5 ... 10 cm above the flat base according to the signal of the level gauge 50, the process of pumping brines into the ice area is repeated. This operation is performed until the evaporator 14 is emptied and the minimum level of brines is reached within the ice platform (h ₃ = 5 cm) or with a steady decrease in air temperature to +3 ... +5 ^o C. After that, the gates 28 are opened and the remaining volume of brines is dumped into collector channel 30, then the brines enter the collector 33 and through it and the water conduit 34 to the tank chamber 16. From where the brines are pumped out by the pumping station 15 and fed through the pipe 38 to the evaporator 14 to complete the process of concentration of brines and the formation of brine and salts. Using the ice platform as an auxiliary evaporator of brines makes it possible to additionally evaporate brines in a volume (W _extra ) equal to W _extra = S _ln • E _t , where S _ln is the area of the ice rink, m ² ; E _t - water evaporation layer for the time interval t from 1 m ^{2 of the} water surface, m. The black color of the ice surface 20 and the small depth of filling (5 ... 30 cm) provides an increase in evaporation intensity from 1 m ^{2 of the} surface compared to evaporator 14 at 15.. . 30% due to more efficient absorption of solar energy and, as a result, an increase in the temperature of the evaporating surface.

 The conditions for safe storage of brine in the surrounding area in the evaporator 14 are described above (see option 1). The annually presented technological cycle of the unit operation is repeated. After the accumulation of a salt layer with a thickness of 10 ... 15 cm at the bottom of the evaporator, a self-propelled mechanism such as a bulldozer-loader is delivered to the bottom of the evaporator via exit 52, with the help of which the salts are mechanically collected and fed to the screw conveyor 53. Then the salts are fed by the screw conveyor 53 in a centrifuge 54 for dehydration, and then with the help of the mechanism 55 are packed in a waterproof package. Prepackaged salts are placed in a special drive 56 for storage until it becomes expedient to process them at a special enterprise.

Claims (16)

1. Installation for desalination of saline water, including a supply channel, saline and desalinated water storage tanks, an evaporator, a pumping station with water intakes from saline and desalinated water storage tanks, supply pressure pipes for supplying saline water to ice platforms to winter sprinklers, to the evaporator and desalinated water to the consumer, an ice platform with a draining layer, an anti-filter screen, protective shafts, shut-off drains and water outlets, winter sprinklers for freezing the ice massif, the collector channel for brines and desalinated water with regulating structures, a closed gravity collector with regulating structures laid below the long-term average freezing depth for directing the flow into the evaporator or in the desalinated water collector, connected to the collector channel with water intakes, the head of which is made of hydrophobic material and is protected from snowfall, to monitor the level of mineralization of water in the collector channel and the closed gravity collector control and measuring complex associated with actuators of regulatory facilities for changing the direction of flow, a power plant electrically connected to a device for heating air and a compressor for supplying heated air to a closed gravity collector, characterized in that the ice platform has the shape of a cone, located in the center of the installation , equipped in the peripheral part of the annular shut-off drain, evenly distributed along the outer border of the outlets, protective shafts and limited by perimeter of the annular channel-collector of brines and desalinated water, hydraulically connected to the ring closed gravity collector, the reservoir of mineralized water, the reservoir of desalinated water and the evaporator are located sequentially within the same ring, separated by jumpers, have an anti-filter coating and are separated from the collector channel of the ring earthen a dam with an annular pressure pipe located in it for supplying mineralized water to winter sprinklers. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the collector channel of brines and desalinated water, a saline water reservoir and a desalinated water reservoir have a cross section with increasing width along the top with increasing bottom slope, each of which is given a bottom bias to the side pump station, their outer edges are placed in circles with centers offset from the center of the ice platform along the axial line in the direction of the pump station. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the collector channel for brines and desalinated water is made of two sections with opposite slopes towards the pump station, each of which has a half-ring in horizontal section. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the closed gravity collector is made of two sections with opposite slopes towards the pump station, while they are interconnected by interconnecting wells and have a horizontal cross-sectional shape. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrants and devices for winter irrigation are evenly distributed along the length of the annular pressure pipe for supplying mineralized water to the devices for winter irrigation. 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump station is equipped with an advance chamber hydraulically connected to a closed gravity collector by means of a water conduit with a regulatory structure and a monitoring and measuring complex for monitoring the level of water mineralization, the latter being electrically connected to the actuators of the pump station. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ice platform is provided with an anti-filtration hard coating on a sand and / or gravel cushion and contains stock-concentrating troughs from the center of the ice platform to the outlets into the collector channel, the troughs having a cross-section varying in length, increasing from the center ice platforms to outlets. 8. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective shafts of the ice platform have a segment shape in plan. 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mineralized water storage device is made up of two compartments hydraulically connected by means of a control structure, and the supply channel has a water mineralization level sensor, a water divider and water outlets to each compartment, wherein the actuator of the water divider is electrically connected to the sensor mineralization level of water. 10. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a well for pumping brines into the underground horizons and an additional pumping station with water intake from the evaporator, hydraulically interconnected by a pressure pipe. 11. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ice platform has the shape of a hollow cylinder, the base of which is equipped with stock-concentrating troughs from the center of the ice platform to the outlets into the collector channel, the troughs having a cross-section varying in length, increasing from the center of the ice platform to the outlets, and water outlets contain gates. 12. Installation according to claim 11, characterized in that the surface of the ice platform has a color black or close to it in reflectivity. 13. The installation according to claim 11, characterized in that it is equipped with a booster pump station with a water intake from the evaporator and a pressure pipe for supplying brines to the ice platform with closed gates at the outlets. 14. Installation according to claim 11, characterized in that the ice platform is equipped with a level gauge, electrically connected to a booster pump station. 15. Installation according to claim 11, characterized in that the evaporator comprises a bottom exit and is equipped with a screw conveyor for supplying salts, a centrifuge for dewatering salts and a mechanism for packing salts in a waterproof package. 16. Installation according to claim 11, characterized in that it is equipped with a salt storage.

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