RU2206603C1 - Fuel briquette fabrication process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: solid fuels. SUBSTANCE: fabrication of multi-purpose fuel briquettes consists in mixing charcoal and wood flour with binding substances, compaction, and drying. Preliminarily, 20- 80% watery lime-clay paste at 1:1 ratio is prepared at stirring, which is then filtered, mixed with part of charcoal, stirred, completed with the rest of charcoal and wood flour, and stirred for 15 to 45 min. After that is added lignosulfonate and resulting blend is stirred for further 10-15 min, compacted at pressure 27,7-250 MPa, and dried at 20 to 90 C and absolute pressure 2/6 kPa (20 mm Hg) to moisture no higher than 7%. Briquettes are environmentally acceptable, high-calorific fuel. Burning of briquette leaves no more than 0.25% ashes. Burning does not release injurious substances and unpleasant smells. EFFECT: improved consumer's properties. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to a method for producing a fuel briquette from coal and wood wastes intended for fireplaces, stoves, samovars, coal irons, for cooking, heating residential and utility rooms, especially in areas without natural fuels (firewood, coal, peat etc.), for heating railway cars, cabins for workers and military personnel, for use in industry in the smelting of high-purity metals and in blacksmithing.

Known fuel briquette and method for its preparation according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2078120 C1, cl. 6 С 10 L 5/16, 1997, including mixing small coal fines with a binder, containing an aqueous solution of a sulfonic acid derivative and pitch from the bottom residue of tall oil distillation (saponified or oxidized tall pitch) not less than 0.5% by weight of coal, after whereupon the resulting mixture is injected with an aqueous solution of a sulfonic acid derivative (lignosulfonate or sodium salt) of at least 0.5% by weight of coal, molding from the resulting mixture of fuel briquettes at a pressure of 5-90 MPa, heat treatment at a temperature of 200-700 ^o C for 10- 120 min, cooling to cool ial trays.

 The disadvantage of this method is energy-intensive production, a complex process.

A known method of producing carbon-containing briquettes according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2096442 C1, cl. 6 C 10 L 5/04, 5/10, 5/30, 1997, including drying the initial wet ground combustible material to less than 15% moisture, mixing fine combustible material with a binder, molding the mixture into briquettes, heat treating the briquettes at a temperature of 200 -700 ^o C, and subsequent cooling of briquettes by mixing them with the original wet combustible material in the drum at a speed of rotation of 1-10 revolutions / min, then separating the dried pulverized fuel material from the cooled briquettes and feeding the dried particulate combustible material for mixing with svyazuyuschi .

 The disadvantage of this method for producing fuel briquettes is the complexity of the process, energy-intensive production, dustiness of air during cooling of dried briquettes in a drum.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed invention is a fuel briquette and a method for its production according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2130047 C1, cl. 6 C 10 L 5/02, 5/44, 5/12, 5/14, 1999, including the mixing of crushed solid fuels (sawdust, peat, dehydrated bird droppings, dehydrated manure, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin or mixtures thereof) with binders based on oil refining waste - oil sludge and / or used engine oil, lignosulfonate or molasses, and / or dehydrated activated sludge, and / or clay, and / or paraffin, or paraffin wax by mixing, briquetting the mixture lead at a pressure of 1-30 MPa, and the drying of briquettes at a temperature not change e 300 ^o C. The components of the binder prior to mixing with the solid fuel is mixed and heated to 60-80 ^o C and stirred heated to 60-80 ^o C. The solid fuel is premixed with half sludge or waste motor oil and then add the remaining binders.

 The disadvantage of this method of producing fuel briquettes is the complexity of the process, significant energy consumption, which increases the cost of production.

 The objective of the invention is to obtain fuel briquettes economical, simple and environmentally friendly technological method while maintaining the strength of the briquettes and calorific value.

The problem is solved as follows. In the known method for producing fuel briquettes, comprising mixing charcoal and wood flour with a binder, pressing the mixture and drying, pre-prepared with stirring 20-80% aqueous lime-clay paste in a ratio of 1: 1, filtered, mixed with part of the charcoal, mixed , the remainder of the coal and wood flour are loaded, mixed for 15-45 minutes, after which lignosulfonate is introduced and mixing is carried out for 10-15 minutes, pressing is carried out at a pressure of 25.7-250 MPa, and drying is carried out at a temperature Ur 20-90 ^o C and an absolute pressure of 2.6 kPa (20 mm Hg) to a moisture content of not more than 7%.

The method is as follows:
The technological process for producing fuel briquettes consists of preparing the components, preparing 20-80% aqueous lime-clay paste, mixing the fuel mass with binders, compressing the mixture and drying.

 The preparation of the components consists in sifting the charcoal waste and taking samples.

 The preparation of 20-80% aqueous lime-clay paste is carried out in a mixer. The calculated amount of water is poured into the mixer, the mixers are turned on, samples from clay and lime are loaded in a ratio of 1: 1. The contents are mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained, after which they are discharged through a sieve to remove insoluble pieces of lime, clay.

Part of the prepared sample of coal is poured into the mixer, the mixer is turned on, and the sample of lime-clay paste is loaded, then the remaining part of the sample of coal and wood flour are loaded. The contents are mixed for 15-45 minutes depending on the size of the coal particles and humidity, then lignosulfonate is loaded and mixing is carried out for 10-15 minutes. The resulting mass through the unloading screw of the mixer is loaded into the BFK press receiver and fuel briquettes are pressed at a pressure of 27.7-250 MPa. The press has removable cups for pressing, depending on the required diameter of the briquettes. Fuel briquettes are available in diameters from 40 to 120 mm and a length of 20 mm. The resulting products are removed from the press table and dried in vacuum drying ovens at a temperature of 20-90 ^o C and an absolute pressure of 2.6 kPa (20 mm Hg) to a moisture content of not more than 7%.

 The test results of fuel briquettes and technological modes of the method for producing fuel briquettes are shown in tables 1 and 2.

 As can be seen from the data given in table 1, the quality of fuel briquettes meets the requirements of TU 84-07507808.102-95.

 The briquettes obtained in this way are high-quality environmentally friendly fuels, the caloric value is comparable to high grades of coal. During combustion, no more than 0.25% of ash is formed. No harmful substances and unpleasant odors are emitted during combustion.

 Fuel briquettes burn without smoke and flame (glow), after combustion (without tedding), ash in the form of briquettes is preserved.

Claims (1)

A method of producing fuel briquettes, comprising mixing charcoal and wood flour with binders, pressing the mixture and drying, characterized in that they are preliminarily prepared with stirring 20-80% aqueous lime-clay paste in a ratio of 1: 1, filtered, mixed with part charcoal, mix, load the remaining part of the charcoal and wood flour, mix for 15-45 min, after which lignosulfonate is introduced and stirring is carried out for 10-15 minutes, pressing is carried out at a pressure of 27.7-250 MPa, and drying is carried out t at a temperature of 20-90 ^o C and an absolute pressure of 2.6 kPa (20 mm RT. Art.) to a moisture content of not more than 7%.

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