RU2592846C1 - Coke fuel briquette - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fuel.

SUBSTANCE: invention describes a fuel briquette that includes coke dust with particle size less than 1 mm, binding coking coal tar wastes in amount of 8.0-10 % to weight of coke dust and additionally contains coal dust with particle size less than 1 mm, wherein mixture of coal and coke dust is pre-enriched by oil agglomeration, briquette has following ratio of components, wt%: binder (coking sludge) - 8-10 %, concentrate from coke and coal dust - 90-92 %.

EFFECT: obtaining fuel briquettes with high strength with low ash content and sulphur content.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of technology for the production of solid molded carbon-containing fuel, to the development of the composition of briquettes from fine particles of coke and coal dust, which can be used in marketable form as a combustible substance. The resulting briquettes can be used as fuel for burning in domestic and industrial furnaces, as well as for coking in the coke and metallurgical industries.

The problem of the disposal of fine waste, in particular coke dust, at coke plants is very urgent. The volumes of coke dust formation are very large, on average about 18-20 thousand tons of coke dust are generated per year at a coke chemical plant. Coke dust practically does not find application because of the finely dispersed state and high ash content, difficulties with unloading and transportation. Coal dust consists of particles up to 300 microns in size with a predominance of fine fractions. Most in coal dust particles ranging in size from 20 to 50 microns. Dust particles have an irregular shape, which depends mainly on the type of fuel. Coal dust is loose and easily spreads under the influence of light shocks. Coal dust is formed during the extraction and transportation of coal.

The invention contributes to the solution of environmental problems associated with the formation and disposal of waste from coke production (coke dust, coal dust, coking fuser), waste from coal mining and coal processing.

A known composition of fuel briquettes, including Kansko-Achinsk coal, semi-coke of Kansk-Achinsk coal, Shargunsky, lipo-biolitic coal, metallurgical coke as a carbon-containing component; as a binder - lignosulfonate, molasses, polyvinyl alcohol; Portland cement was introduced to increase moisture resistance (Vorobyev V.N., Leshchenko P.S., Klimova L.K. et al. Environmentally friendly binders for producing household fuel from coals of small classes // Chemistry of solid fuel, 1997, No. 2).

The disadvantage of this composition is the high water absorption of 10.5-12.7%. The addition of cement reduces the calorific value of briquettes, increasing their ash content. Cement is a rather expensive component, as it is a factory-made product.

A known method for the production of moisture-resistant briquettes, the composition of which used coal fines and as a binder - the product of microbiological processing of carbon-containing material. Moisture resistance and additional mechanical strength of the briquettes are provided by impregnating them in a paraffin melt (Auth. Certificate. No. 1810381. Bul. Izobr., 1993, No. 15).

The disadvantage of the invention is the use of insufficiently available raw materials as a binder, as a hydrophobic coating - a factory-made product, as well as the complexity and high energy intensity of the process for producing briquettes with low moisture absorption.

The composition of the fuel briquette is known (RF Patent No. 2132360, IPC ⁶ C10L 5/44, publ. 06/27/1999), which contains the following components: hydrocarbon, sludge (fuel oil sludge), waste oil and their sediment, oil sludge and dispersed hydrocarbon waste - peat and coal chips, wood flour, sawdust.

The disadvantage of the composition is the use of dispersed aluminosilicate of lime and water, which are ballast during combustion, their total content is at least 25 wt. % This reduces the calorific value of briquetted fuel by ~ 25% and increases the mass of ash residue. In addition, the composition contains Na pyroxide, which, when contacted with organic substances, quickly decomposes and after a certain period of time turns into NaOH, increases the water content.

Known coke briquette (RF Patent No. 2266314, class C10L 5/12, C10L 5/28, C10L 5/02, C10L 5/40. Publ. 20.12.2005, bull. No. 35) containing non-conical coke, a binder in the form cement, characterized in that as substandard coke contains coke breeze fraction 0-10 mm and / or coke nut fraction 10-25 mm of certain varieties in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Coke breeze and / or coke nut 60-95 Binder 5-40

Significant disadvantages of this briquette are:

- the high cost of charge materials and, as a consequence, an increase in the cost of cast iron;

- low content of useful components due to the high content of binder in the briquette;

- high binder consumption.

A known method for producing fuel briquettes, comprising mixing coke dust with particle sizes less than 1 mm with a binder (coking fusas in the amount of 8.0-10% by weight of coke dust), briquetting the mixture under pressure (RF Patent No. 2529204, class C10L 5 / 28, C10L 5/00, C10L 5/04, C10L 5/10, C10L 5/14. Published on September 20, 2014).

The disadvantage of this briquette is the high heat of combustion, which limits the use of these briquettes (for example, the burning of grate grates of combustion devices is possible).

The technical result of the claimed invention is to obtain fuel briquettes of increased strength with low ash and sulfur content, prepared from a concentrate of coke and coal dust, which will improve the environmental situation in coal-processing regions, reduce the cost of fuel briquettes.

The technical result is achieved in that the fuel briquette, including coke dust with particle sizes less than 1 mm, binder fuser coking in the amount of 8.0-10% by weight of coke dust, according to the invention additionally contains coal dust with particle sizes less than 1 mm, and the mixture coal and coke dust are pre-enriched by oil sintering, the briquette has the following ratio of components, wt. %:

binder (coking fus) 8-10 coke dust 45-46 coal dust 45-46

For the preparation of a fuel briquette, coke dust with an initial ash content of 12-16.8 wt. %, sulfur content 0.2-0.3 wt. % and coal dust with an initial ash content of 18-30 wt. %, sulfur content 0.4-0.5 wt. %, with particle sizes less than 1 mm are mixed in a ratio of 1: 1. Such a mixture of coke and coal dust makes it possible to achieve an acceptable calorific value for finished fuel briquettes, as coke dust - high-calorie waste and the addition of coal dust, which is an exhausting additive, reduces the heat of combustion of fuel briquettes, which will allow them to be used in domestic furnaces without changing their design.

The resulting mixture of coke and coal dust is enriched by oil sintering. At the outlet of the enrichment plant, a concentrate is obtained from coke and coal dust with the following characteristics (table 1).

The resulting coke and coal dust concentrate is mixed with coking fumes heated to 50-60 ° C in a mass ratio of 9: 1-9.2: 0.8, mixed manually or using a mixing machine until the binder component is evenly distributed over the entire volume of the concentrate from coke and coal dust, then loaded into the mold, pressed stepwise.

The choice of coking fusi as a binder is due to their availability. Coking fusas are waste from coal-chemical production during coking. They are represented by 50% resins of heavy fractions and solid carbon inclusions. Coking fumes and coke dust, being the waste of coke-chemical enterprises, can be used directly at the same enterprises.

The consumption of a binder (coking fuser) is determined by the need for the formation of a durable fuel briquette.

Get fuel briquettes with the following technical characteristics (table 2).

Example 1

To obtain a fuel briquette, 50 g of coke dust, 50 g of coal dust are taken, mixed, the resulting mixture is enriched in a plant using the oil sintering method to obtain deeply enriched concentrates.

Take 92 g of the obtained concentrate and 8 g of coking fusi, heated to 50-60 ° C, mixed until visual stirring.

The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed, then loaded into the mold, which has room temperature, pressed in a stamping press stepwise.

The output is fuel briquettes acceptable for coking and direct burning, the technical characteristics of which are presented in table 3.

Example 2

To obtain a fuel briquette, 50 g of coke dust, 50 g of coal dust are taken, mixed, the resulting mixture is enriched in a plant using the oil sintering method to obtain deeply enriched concentrates.

Take 96 g of the obtained concentrate and 4 g of coking fusi, heated to 50-60 ° C, mixed until visual stirring.

The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed, then loaded into the mold, which has room temperature, pressed in a stamping press stepwise.

The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed, then loaded into the mold, which has room temperature, pressed in a stamping press stepwise.

The output does not receive a fuel briquette, since a decrease in the amount of binder leads to a decrease in the strength of the fuel briquette.

Example 3

To obtain a fuel briquette, 50 g of coke dust, 50 g of coal dust are taken, mixed, the resulting mixture is enriched in a plant using the oil sintering method to obtain deeply enriched concentrates.

Take 85 g of the obtained concentrate and 15 g of coking fusi, heated to 50-60 ° C, mixed until visual stirring.

The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed, then loaded into the mold, which has room temperature, pressed in a stamping press stepwise.

The output does not receive a fuel briquette, since:

1. According to the mathematical dependence calculated by Dr. A.T. Elishevich, the involvement of more than 10% of the binder reagent in the system is economically and technologically unjustified.

2. With an increase in the amount of binder (coking fusi), the strength characteristics deteriorate due to the degradation of the briquette.

Thus, the recommended composition allows you to form durable briquettes with low cost, low ash and sulfur content from fine waste (coke dust and coal dust), and also utilize another waste along the way - coking fusi. The resulting fuel briquettes can be used as a combustible substance for domestic and industrial purposes, the disposal of industrial waste will improve the environmental situation in coal-processing regions.

Claims (1)

A fuel briquette comprising coke dust with particle sizes less than 1 mm, binder coking fusi in an amount of 8.0-10% by weight of coke dust, characterized in that it further comprises coal dust with particle sizes less than 1 mm, the mixture of coal and coke dust pre-enriched by oil sintering, the briquette has the following ratio of components, wt. %:
binder (coking fus) - 8-10%,
concentrate from coke and coal dust - 90-92%.