RU2693043C1 - Method of producing fuel briquettes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention describes a method of producing fuel briquettes, involving mixing of carbon-containing materials, wood-processing wastes and products of dust collection of processes of oil shale processing, their molding, characterized by that carbon-containing material used is coal slurries, which are preliminarily enriched on the short-cone hydrocyclone with production of a specific light and specific product, then the specific light product is enriched on the concentration table to produce a specific light and specific product, after that, the heavy product of the short-cone hydrocyclone and the heavy product of the concentration table are sent to the dump, and a specific light product of the concentration table is mixed with wood processing wastes and products of dust collection of processes of oil shale processing with formation of charge with moisture content from 6 to 9 % and directed to molding of briquettes.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of caloric content of produced fuel briquettes and simplification of technological process.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of fuel briquettes from various carbon containing. Briquettes can be used for domestic purposes. At the same time, practically unclaimed materials are being disposed of and, accordingly, an environmental problem is being solved.

A known method of manufacturing fuel briquettes from biomass (RF patent No. 2484125, publ. 10.06.2013), including heat treatment of biomass at a temperature of 200-500 ° C without air access, preparation of a binder obtained by dissolving dextrin in pyrolysis condensate in the ratio 1 : (5 ÷ 20), mixing the binder with the carbonaceous residue ground to 2 mm, forming the fuel briquette from the resulting mixture and drying it at room temperature for 2-5 days.

The disadvantages of the method in the need to apply heat treatment of biomass without air access, the stage process of preparing a multicomponent binder.

A known method for producing fuel briquettes (RF patent No. 2529205, publ. September 27, 2014), in which crushed solid fuel is mixed with a binder, the mixture is briquetted under pressure, coke dust with particle sizes less than 1 mm is used as crushed solid fuel, and as a binder, coking fushes are used in the amount of 8.0-10% by weight of coke dust. The mold is preheated to a temperature of 40-50 ° C, and the briquetting of the mixture under pressure is carried out in steps, for which a load of 5-6 atm is first established, with a holding time of 3-5 minutes and then 15 atm. with an exposure at maximum load 3-5 min.

The main disadvantages of the method in the need for grinding solid fuel, the need to heat the mold, the speed of the process of briquetting the mixture.

A method of obtaining fuel briquettes (RF patent No. 2486232, publ. 27.06.2013), including mixing carbon filler with crushed coal, adding a binder and briquetting the mixture under pressure, while carrying out the dry mixing of carbon filler, which is waste aluminum production , anode paste and electrodes in the amount of 25.01-85.00 wt. % with crushed brown coal to obtain 100% dry weight, followed by addition to the dry weight of the binder. As a binder, bitumen or polyvinyl alcohol is used in an amount of 2-10 wt. % over 100% dry weight. In the case of use as a binder of polyvinyl alcohol, hydrophobic additives are introduced into the mixture in an amount of 1-5 wt. % over 100% of the mixture.

The main disadvantages of the method in the use of multicomponent binder, the need for grinding brown coal, the need for the introduction of hydrophobic additives.

A method of obtaining fuel briquettes (RF patent No. 2554516, publ. 06/27/2015), including mixing crushed solid fuel with a phenolic-alkaline resin in the amount of 1.7-1.8% by weight of coke breeze and ether hardener in the amount of 22 -28% by weight of the resin, pressing the mixture obtained and molding the fuel briquettes, while the coke breeze with particle sizes of 0.6-3 mm and humidity up to 3% is mixed with a phenolic-alkaline resin and ether hardener in a vortex mixer, and pressing the mixture obtained produced by the method of rigid screw ec TRUS at a pressure of 7-8 MPa, then molded timber, which, after breaking into measured pieces of 100-150 mm.

The main disadvantages of the method are the need for grinding solid fuel, the use of a two-component binder, a binder, a high speed of its hardening of the binder, the need to isolate coke breeze with particle sizes of 0.6-3 mm.

A method of producing fuel briquettes (patent No. 2601743, publ. 10.11.2016), adopted for the prototype, in which carbon-containing materials are mixed and molded, while woodworking products, dust-collecting products of woodworking and shale processing processes are mixed.

The main disadvantage of the method is not high enough calorie briquette due to the use of relatively low-calorie components of the charge, which is almost impossible to enrich.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the caloric content of fuel briquettes, simplifying the process of obtaining briquettes.

The technical result is achieved in that carbon sludge is used as a carbon-containing material, which is preliminarily enriched on a short-cone hydrocyclone with obtaining a specific light and specific heavy product, then the specific light product is enriched on a concentration table with obtaining a specific light and specific heavy product, after which the specific heavy the product of the short-cone hydrocyclone and the specific heavy product of the concentration table are sent to the dump, and the specific light product of the concentration the table is mixed with woodworking waste and products of dust collection processes of shale processing with the formation of the mixture moisture from 6 to 9%, and sent to the formation of briquettes

The method of obtaining fuel is illustrated by the following figure:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart for the production of fuel briquettes.

The method is as follows. Coal sludge is fed to enrichment in a short-cone hydrocyclone (Fig. 1). This cyclone does not use heavy suspension, which greatly simplifies the enrichment process. Specifically heavy product containing predominantly non-combustible components (ash) is removed from further processing and transported to the dump. The specific light product enters the concentration table, where it is divided into specific heavy product, which, like the specific heavy product of the short-cone hydrocyclone, is transported to the dump.

The specifically light product of the concentration table is mixed with woodworking waste and the products of the extraction of shale refining processes. At the same time, the specific light product of the concentration table is fed to the mixture in such an amount that the moisture content of the three-component charge (the specific light product of the concentration table, wood processing waste and dust extraction products of the oil shale processing processes) is used for forming briquettes between 6 and 9%. Then the mixture is fed to the molding (pressing). The pressing pressure is chosen experimentally, depending on the content of the mixed components and their properties. The raw briquettes obtained during the molding are dried.

When the content of water in the briquette charge is less than 6%, the network of capillaries between the charge particles begins to become increasingly filled with air, the number of liquid bridges decreases, the capillary pressure decreases, which leads to a significant decrease in the strength of briquettes. With an increase in moisture in excess of 9%, a thickening of water films occurs, accompanied by the separation of solid particles from each other with a suggestive decrease in molecular forces. Capillary water with the growth of moisture goes into a rope condition and subsequently fills the entire pore. When this occurs, a decrease, and then a complete disappearance of the capillary menisci, occurs, which causes a gradual drop in capillary forces and a decrease in the strength of the briquettes. In addition, excessively wet briquettes become fragile, severely deformed after molding and very difficult to move.

The method is illustrated by the following example. As components of the briquette batch, woodworking wastes, products of dust collection of oil shale products of Zavod Slantsy OJSC and coal slimes of coal from the Tugnuyskoye deposit were used.

The technological process was carried out as follows: coal slimes were enriched on a short-cone hydrocyclone with a diameter of 150 mm. Specifically heavy product of a hydrocyclone was tails. Particularly light enriched on the concentration table 51KTS JSC "NPK" Mekhanobrtehnika ". The particularly heavy product of the table was tails. The specific light product of the table was mixed with woodworking waste and the products of shale refining for 5-10 minutes in the mixer. Further, the resulting mixture was loaded into the molding apparatus, where the briquette was formed. The resulting raw briquettes were dried.

When the water content in the briquette mixture is less than 6%, the network of capillaries between the particles of the charge begins to become increasingly filled with air, the number of liquid bridges decreases, the magnitude of capillary pressure decreases, which leads to a significant decrease in the strength of briquettes. With an increase in moisture in excess of 9%, a thickening of water films occurs, accompanied by the separation of solid particles from each other with a suggestive decrease in molecular forces. Capillary water with the growth of moisture goes into a rope condition and subsequently. fills the whole pore. When this occurs, a decrease, and then a complete disappearance of the capillary menisci, occurs, which causes a gradual drop in capillary forces and a decrease in the strength of the briquettes. In addition, excessively wet briquettes become fragile, severely deformed after molding and very difficult to move.

For tests, briquettes with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 30-40 mm were manufactured. The mechanical strength of briquettes was defined as the number of falls from a height of 1.5 m, which could withstand briquettes without noticeable damage. The strength of the briquettes was obtained sufficient for their transportation. The test results are shown in Table 1. The results of testing briquettes are given in Table 1. Table 1 - test results for briquettes

The inventive method allows to obtain fuel briquettes, suitable, for example, for domestic use. At the same time, such materials that are of little demand at the present time, such as wood and shale products, as well as coal sludge, are recycled, which at the same time partially solves environmental problems.

Claims (1)

The method of producing fuel briquettes, including the mixing of carbon-containing materials, woodworking wastes and dust extraction processes of oil shale processing processes, their formation, characterized in that coal sludge is used as a carbon-containing material and then enriched on a short-cone hydrocyclone to produce a specific light and specific heavy product, then the light product is enriched on a concentration table to produce a specific light and a specific heavy product, after which the lot but heavy product korotkokonusnogo hydrocyclone and specific heavy product concentration section is sent to waste, while the specific lighter product concentration section is mixed with the waste wood products and dedusting slantsepererabotki processes to form a wet charge from 6 to 9% and fed on briquette molding.

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