RU2073066C1 - Method of fabricating fuel briquettes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: solid fuels. SUBSTANCE: method includes blending coal crushed to particle size less than 3 mm and ash content 22-38% with organic stuff containing wood working waste with particle volume less than 0.01 sq.cm (80- 100%) and water. Resulting blend is briquetted at pressure 1-20 MPa and dried to briquette density 0.5-0.9 g/cu.cm. EFFECT: optimized parameters of process.

Description

 The invention relates to the production of fuel briquettes for domestic and industrial purposes.

 There is a method for producing fuel from garbage, in which garbage is crushed and sieved to remove fractions of very small particles and oversized particle fractions, then sent to the classifier and passed repeatedly through a sealing device to obtain granules having a calorific value of half the calorific value of stone coal (UK patent N 2076013, M.C. C 10 L 5/46, 1981). The disadvantage of the fuel obtained from the garbage is the impossibility of its easy ignition.

A fuel product is known in which crushed coal with a particle size of less than 3 mm in a metered amount is mixed with a solid organic substance containing crushed waste and wood products (bark, paper waste) and water, briquetted the mixture and dried to a briquette density of 0.5- 0.9 g / cm ³ (U.S. Patent No. 4,49462, M.C. C 10 L 5/14, 1985). When igniting a fuel product according to the prototype, its preliminary heating is required, which is ensured by burning wood, coal or other fuel.

 The aim of the invention is a method for producing fuel briquettes with autonomous combustion and easy flammability.

This goal is achieved in that in a method for producing fuel briquettes, comprising mixing crushed to less than 3 mm coal with a crushed substance containing wood processing waste and water, briquetting the mixture and drying to a briquette density of 0.5-0.9 g / cm ³ use coal with an ash content of up to 22-38% organic matter with particles of less than 0.01 cm ³ in an amount of 80-100% and briquette the mixture at a pressure of 1-20 MPa.

Coal grinding is carried out to a particle size of less than 3 mm. Coal of various grades, brown coal, anthracite and their combinations are used, as well as their enrichment and processing waste with an ash content of up to 22-38%. Wood waste, peat, waste from the pulp and paper industry, etc. are used as the crushed organic matter in the proposed method. .P. including those containing varying amounts of water. The particle volume of organic substances should not exceed 0.5-1.0 cm ³ .

The required density of fuel briquettes (0.5-0.9 cm ³ ), which provides autonomous combustion and easy flammability, is achieved by mixing the wet components until homogenization, molding or briquetting at pressures of 1-20 MPa and subsequent drying of the briquettes at 120
150 ^o C.

Example 1. Coal brand "G" with an ash content of 25% moisture content of 8% is crushed to a particle size of 0-3 mm, take 56% by volume. The following substances were taken as organic substances: peat fuel for pulverized combustion (GOST 11804-76) 8.4% sawdust of deciduous trees 5.6% fraction less than 10 mm with particles less than 0.01 cm ³ 100% oil bitumen, construction grade, grade BN 90/10 GOST 6617-76 - 15% water 15% by volume. Briquetting at 80 ^o C on a laboratory hydraulic press at a pressure of 10 MPa, after drying for 1.5 hours at 120 ^o C get briquettes with a density of 0.66 g / cm ³ , with a heat of combustion -K 5300 kcal / kg, humidity 7 % cast strength 82% Briquette ignites from a match, burns autonomously.

Example 2. To 40% of coal sludge with a particle size of 0-3 mm grade "G" ash 22% humidity 21 and 17% brown coal with the same particle size, ash 38% humidity 30% add semi-coking resin 8% coniferous tree bark 10 % sawdust of coniferous trees 15% shavings of coniferous trees 4% particle content of less than 0.01 cm ³ for wood waste 80% fraction of less than 10 mm and water 6% Mix and mix for 15 minutes Briquetting at 25 ^o C on a laboratory hydraulic press at a pressure of 20 MPa, after drying for 2 h at 130 ^o C get briquettes with an apparent density of 0.72 g / cm ³ with a calorific value of 4800 kcal / kg, humidity 6%, dump strength 90% The briquette ignites from a match, burns autonomously.

Example 3. To 56% by volume of drill coal with particles 0-3 mm, ash content 35% humidity 40% add: oil bitumen, road, viscous grade BND-40/60 (GOST 22245-76) 10% coniferous sawdust with a particle content less than 0.01 cm ³ 95% fraction less than 10 mm, 20% water 4% Briquetted at 90 ^o C using a screw process with a pressure of 1 MPa, after drying for 2.5 hours at 120 ^o C get briquettes with a density of 0, 5 g / cm ³ with a calorific value of 4100 kcal / kg, a moisture content of 8% and an exhaust strength of 40%. The briquette ignites from a match and burns autonomously.

Example 4. Coal, crushed to a particle size of less than 3 mm, is taken in an amount of 90% by volume and mixed with 3% paper waste and 3% bark is added 1: 2 water, molded and the humidity is reduced by vacuum to 50%, dried and obtained bars of a fuel product with an apparent density of 0.8 g / cm ³ . Briquette from a match and a pill of urotropin does not ignite.

 Tests on the combustibility of briquettes were carried out under conditions of their ignition from the flame of a match, burning urotropin (see examples).

 A sample made according to the prototype (example 4) does not catch fire from a match and urotropin. The claimed briquette (see examples 1-3) from a match and urotropin in all cases caught fire. It burned autonomously, before burning out a combustible organic part.

When the density of the fuel is below 0.5 g / cm ³ all its new properties are preserved, but a decrease in the volumetric heat of combustion is observed.

At a density higher than 0.9 g / cm ^{3, the} briquette loses its new consumer properties, it does not light up from a match, autonomous combustion is difficult and the coal in the briquette does not completely burn out.

 To obtain new consumer properties of the declared fuel briquettes, it is necessary to comply with the requirements for their apparent density and dispersed composition of the components used.

 The dispersed composition of the components affects the consumer properties of briquettes. The particle size of coal should be in the range of 0-3 mm. The presence of large particles of coal (more than 3 mm) does not allow to obtain flammable briquettes; autonomous combustion of such briquettes is impossible. The use of finely dispersed coals improves the flammability and autonomous combustion of briquettes.

The particle size of sawdust and other organic substances should be less than 10 mm with a particle content of less than 0.01 cm ³ 40-100%. The presence of large particles of sawdust and other organic substances reduces the combustibility of briquettes.

 The ash content of coal in the specified range (22 38%) contributes to the autonomous combustion of briquettes, which is their new quality, and expands the raw material base (low-quality corners, various products of processing and enrichment of coal) to implement the proposed method.

 The moisture content of fuel briquettes after drying should not exceed 10%. When the moisture content of briquettes is above 12%, flammability from a match and urotropin is difficult. Decrease in humidity promotes easy inflammability of briquettes.

 The expected economic effect of the introduction of the method is to expand the functionality of fuel briquettes, for example, to kindle known briquettes, coal, used as stove and fireplace fuel, instead of coal and firewood for heating railway cars, for heating greenhouses during severe frosts.

 In addition, coal fuel obtained by the proposed method will reduce the amount of abandoned and stored waste, improve the environmental situation of industrial and coal mining areas.

Claims (1)

A method of producing fuel briquettes, comprising mixing crushed to less than 3 mm coal with crushed organic matter containing wood processing waste and water, briquetting the mixture and drying to a briquette density of 0.5 0.9 g / cm ³ , characterized in that coal is used with an ash content of up to 22 38% organic matter with particles of less than 0.01 cm ³ 80 100% and briquetting the mixture at 1 20 MPa.