RU220311U1 - Universal screw-knife chopper - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is designed for grinding bulk agricultural products in the form of grain, roughage, as well as wood processing waste in the form of bark and sawdust.

In the proposed universal screw-knife grinder, the cutting knife element is made in the form of a pair of 3-bladed metal plates located on both sides of the separating plate to form two cutting planes, while the blades of opposite knife elements are rotated relative to each other by half their opening angle.

Description

The utility model is designed for grinding bulk agricultural products in the form of grain, roughage, as well as wood processing waste in the form of bark and sawdust.

A universal wood bark shredder is known (Repair. Restoration. Modernization: industrial, scientific, technical and educational journal. - M.: Science and Technology, 2022. - No. 8. - pp. 34-39)

The disadvantage of the known universal chopper is the low degree of grinding of the final product.

A shredder is known according to patent RU No. 2220002, containing a hollow body with a loading funnel, a cylindrical feed auger located on a conical shaft, and a knife in the form of cutting blades mounted on the shaft shank. The housing cavity is formed in the form of steps in the shape of truncated cones, the direction of the taper of which coincides with the direction of the taper of the shaft. On the surface of the steps, cutting bodies are fixed in the form of a row of radially mounted knives and in the form of bushings covering the auger. The screw pitch is made increasing in the direction of increasing shaft diameter, and the knife blades are located at the level of the end of the radial knives of the outermost stage of the housing.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- low functionality, since it can only be used to grind root vegetables, but it is impossible to grind grain, roughage and bark;

- low throughput;

- high energy consumption with low productivity.

A device for grinding food products, mainly meat, is known according to RU patent No. 2028819. The device includes a housing with a funnel for loading, made integral with the shaft, a feed auger installed in the housing with the possibility of rotation, a grid fixed in the housing by means of a union nut, a knife adjacent to the grid mounted on the auger shaft, capable of rotating together with the auger, placed around the shaft in in the gap between the knife and the end of the auger there are ribs made integral with the bushing fixed in the body.

In the lower part of the body there is a boss made in the form of a roller, which keeps the grille and the bushing with ribs from rotating. The holes in the grid are made inclined to the cutting plane. According to one embodiment of the grid, these holes are round in shape; according to another embodiment of the grid, grooves are installed in its holes, which have a square or rectangular shape.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- it is impossible to grind grain, roughage and bark.

- insufficiently high grinding efficiency.

A universal auger-knife feed chopper is known, utility model RU No. 118835, designed for grinding agricultural products (grain, roughage and root crops). A universal auger-knife feed chopper includes a hollow body with a loading funnel, a cylindrical feed auger with knives located on a shaft, a replaceable knife mounted on the shank of a shaft mounted coaxially inside the feed auger with the possibility of joint or independent rotation relative to the latter, an unloading window , covered by a deck in the form of a replaceable separating plate, drive electric motor, cylindrical two-stage gearbox. On the front part of the helicoid of the feed auger, knives are located in a checkerboard pattern, designed for preliminary cutting of product blocks from tubers (root crops) - prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- insufficiently high grinding efficiency;

- low productivity.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to eliminate the disadvantages of the described prototype analogue, namely:

- increase the degree of grinding of the final product;

- increase productivity.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed universal screw-knife grinder, like the well-known one, contains a hollow body with a loading funnel, a cylindrical feed screw with knives located on the front part of the helicoid in a checkerboard pattern, located on a shaft, replaceable, depending on the type of raw material , cutting knife element in the form of a metal plate with a central through hole, fixed to the shank of a shaft installed coaxially inside the feed auger with the possibility of joint or independent rotation relative to the latter, an unloading window covered by a separating plate with through holes that is stationary relative to the body, a drive electric motor, cylindrical two step reducer. Unlike the known one, in the proposed universal screw-knife grinder the cutting knife element is made in the form of a pair of 3-bladed metal plates located on both sides of the separating plate to form two cutting planes, while the blades of opposite knife elements are rotated relative to each other by half an angle their solution.

The utility model has the following differences from the prototype:

- the cutting knife element is made in the form of a pair of 3-blade metal plates located on both sides of the separating plate to form two cutting planes;

- the blades of opposite knife elements are rotated relative to each other by half their opening angle;

These differences will improve the degree of grinding of the final product and increase the productivity of the utility model.

A comparative analysis of the claimed utility model and the prototype reveals the presence of distinctive features of the claimed device in comparison with the closest analogue, which allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the “novelty” criterion.

In the reviewed patent information fund, no technical solutions with the specified differences were found, as well as technical solutions with the specified set of distinctive features.

The proposed technical solution is applicable and will be used in agriculture for grinding grain, roughage and bark (in the preparation of food additives for feed, preparation of composts and fertilizers).

The utility model is illustrated by the following materials:

Fig. 1 Scheme of a universal screw-knife chopper.

Fig. 2 The same, left view.

The chopper contains a hollow body 1 with a loading funnel 2, a feed auger 3 installed in the cavity of the body 1, an unloading window 5, covered by a separating plate 6 that is motionless relative to the body 1. The knife grinding body is made in the form of a pair of 3-bladed metal plates 7, in the center of which There is a through hole. The plates 7 are fixed on the shank of the shaft 8, installed coaxially inside the feed auger 3, with the possibility of joint, due to the two-stage vertical gearbox 4, or independent rotation relative to the feed auger 3. On the front part of the helicoid of the feed auger 3, knives 9 are installed in a checkerboard pattern.

The chopper works as follows:

When grinding grain, roughage or bark, a knife grinding organ is installed on the shaft 8, made in the form of a pair of 3-blade metal plates 7 and a separating plate 6 with through holes, stationary relative to the housing 1. The knife grinding organ is assembled in such a way that in the cutting mechanism two cutting planes were formed. In this case, the blades of the metal plates 7 are knives, and the separating plate 6 is a counter knife. The blades of opposite knife plates are installed turned relative to each other by half the angle of the blades.

Then the product loaded into funnel 2 is fed by auger 3 in the direction of the unloading window 5, where, under the action of knives 9, the product is roughly destroyed (especially in the case of feeding bark), and then, due to the rotating 3-bladed metal plates 7, primary grinding occurs material, its further passage through the through holes of the separating plate 6, additional grinding in the second cutting plane and the product exiting out.

The gearbox 4, the input shaft of which is rotated by an electric motor (not shown in Fig. 1, 2), provides, as in the prototype, joint or independent rotation of the shaft 8 relative to the screw 3.

Claims (1)

A universal screw-knife grinder, including a hollow body with a loading funnel, a cylindrical feed auger with knives located on the front part of the helicoid in a checkerboard pattern, located on the shaft, a replaceable cutting knife element in the form of a metal plate with a central through hole depending on the type of raw material, mounted on the shank of a shaft installed coaxially inside the feed auger with the possibility of joint or independent rotation relative to the latter, an unloading window covered by a separating plate with through holes that is stationary relative to the body, a drive electric motor, a cylindrical two-stage gearbox, characterized in that the cutting blade element is made in the form of a pair 3-bladed metal plates located on both sides of the separating plate to form two cutting planes, while the blades of opposite knife elements are rotated relative to each other by half their opening angle.

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