RU2197260C2 - Fodder supplement for animals and method for animal body sanitation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal science. SUBSTANCE: the suggested fodder supplement as a biologically active substance contains saponin triterpenoid in an efficient quantity. Saponin triterpenoid is obtained either out of seeds or plant leaves of Camellia L. variety. Feeding animals with a fodder supplement containing saponin triterpenoid increases immunity in animals and the gains of their body weight, favors to obtain meat of improved quality. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 7 cl, 16 ex, 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to methods for preventing animal diseases and promoting their growth and development. Specifically, the method according to this invention involves the extraction of biologically active substances from oil plants and their introduction into feed as feed additives and nutrients, respectively, to improve the immune functions of animal organisms and to promote their growth and development.

State of the art
Plants belonging to the Camellia L family are very popular in China, Japan, India and many other countries of Southeast Asia. Among them, three species of Camellia sinensis, Camellia oleifera and Camelia japonica have significant economic value. For example, Camellia sinensis leaves can be used in tea production, Camellia oleifera seeds are used to produce edible oil, Camellia japonica is used as an ornamental plant.

 With the development of the modern feed industry, many antibiotics have been used as feed additives to prevent animal diseases and to promote their growth. In 1990, about 2000 tons of antibiotics were used as feed additives in China, 1350 tons were used in Western Europe, and 1300 tons of antibiotics in Japan for feeds for poultry and livestock breeding in Japan. Recently, US $ 1.019 billion of antibiotics have been sold, and antibiotic use worldwide is increasing by 3 percent annually. However, long-term use of antibiotics can lead to the development of resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, which will create a threat of worldwide contamination as a result of translocation of the R-factor and problems with the presence of residual substances in animal products that pose a threat to human health. WHO / World Health Organization / and FAO / UN Food and Agriculture Organization / pay great attention to research on alternative antibiotic feed additives. Currently, research and development of feed additives from natural substances have made great progress. For example, feed microorganisms and traditional Chinese medicines are widely used as such. However, feed microorganisms are thought to be inactive during feed preparation and can only partially replace antibiotics. Traditional Chinese medicinal additives have a complex composition, and their properties are unstable, which prevents their wide distribution. Therefore, there is a need to use natural biologically active substances as feed additives instead of antibiotics, thus eliminating residual antibiotic substances from livestock products, which will improve the quality of these products and reduce environmental pollution.

 S. Aoyama first isolated tea saponin from tea seed cake in 1931 / cm. Journal of Pharmacology, 51/5 /; 367, 1931 /. However, he was unable to obtain a chemically pure substance. In 1952, M. Ishidate and J. Ueda from the University of Tokyo received crystals of pure tea saponin / M. Ishidate and J. Ueda Journal of Pharmacology, 72/11 /; 1525, 1952 /. Since the 1970s, several studies of tea saponin, its properties and uses have been conducted in the main tea-producing countries. During this time, many extraction methods have been developed and many products obtained.

It is now clear that saponin derived from Camellia L relates to triterpenoid compounds. This is a group of complex compounds consisting of aglyconic sugars / C ₃₀ H ₅₀ O ₆ / and organic acids. The chemical structure of saponin derived from Camellia L has been described in many sources — see, for example, I. Yoshioka et al. Chemical Pharmacology Bulletin. Tokyo, 1970,18,1610; I. Yoshioka et al. Thea sapogenol A., The major sapogenol of the seeds saponin of thea Sinensis L; Tetrahedron Letters, 1966/48 /; 5979-5984; 5973-5978; and I. Yoshioka et al. Saponin and Sapogenol III seeds sapogenols of Thea Sinensis L / 3 /, Thea sapogenol E and minor sapogenols, Chem.Phar.Bull, 1971, 19/6 / 1186-1199.

 Research advances in tea saponin present a real opportunity for the full use of by-products of tea seed and tea leaf technology. In 1972, G.R. Roberts and his colleagues / Tea Quarterly 43/3/1972 / from Sri Lanka improved the technology for extracting tea saponin, commercialized preparatory operations, and suggested new ways to use Camellia / P tea seed cake. L. Wickermasting et al., 1972 Tea Quarterly 43/3 /. As calculated by T. Yajisiglu and his colleagues, about 600 tons of tea saponin can be extracted from 15,000 tons of tea seeds in Turkey. Thus, the industrial production of tea saponin became possible and Nippon Isome Grease Chemical Co had already commercialized tea saponin.

 Saponin obtained from Camellia L has found wide industrial application. Its use in medicine was the subject of the earliest studies, but progress in this area was slow, despite the large number of / interested / pharmacologists.

 The pharmacological effect of saponin includes its antiseptic and antosmotic effect, the treatment of cough. It was also reported that saponin had a special / beneficial / effect on some forms of edema / dropsy /.

 The industrial use of saponin derived from Camellia L is a new industry. It can produce various types of water and oil emulsions, preservatives, foam preparations for the brewing industry, detergents for household detergents. Saponin can fix / protect / color tissue, as it does not adversely affect tissue dye. When used in washing, saponin prevents shrinkage of woolen products and also preserves the gloss of the fabric. Saponin can also be used in the photo industry.

 Saponin obtained from Camellia is used extensively in agriculture, especially as an insecticide, germicide, a binding agent in jet pesticides. The main advantage of this substance is that no residual products of pesticides are formed, the environment is preserved.

 However, studies of the use of saponin derived from Camellia as a feed additive instead of antibiotics, as well as the effects of saponin on animal development and improved immune functions, have not yet been published.

 After many years of research on saponin derived from Camellia L, the inventor of the present invention unexpectedly discovered that saponin extracted from Camellia L seed cake can improve immune functions and has an antibacterial and antiviral effect. Under certain conditions, it is safe and can boost the growth of animals.

 One of the objectives of this invention is the creation of a method of accelerating the growth of animals.

 Another objective of this invention is the creation of a method for improving immune functions, antibacterial and antiviral effects on animals.

 Another problem solved by this invention is the use of a biologically active extract of oil plants as a feed additive.

 Another objective of this invention is the creation of a new drug to improve health.

 Another objective of this invention is the creation of an antibacterial and antiviral drug.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Used in the context of this application, the term "seed cake" / seed cake / refers to the waste remaining from oilseeds after squeezing the oil.

The term "Camellia seed cake" / Camellia seed cake / refers to the seed cake of Camellia L plants, such as Camellia sinensis, Camellia oleifera and Camellia japonica /
The triterpenoid saponin used in this invention was extracted from oil plants. Preferably, it is obtained from plants belonging to the Camellia family, and most preferably it is obtained from the leaves and seeds of Camellia plants.

 The method for producing triterpenoid saponin used in the present invention is described below.

 Oilcake, formed as a result of squeezing the oil, is collected, soaked in alcohol and other organic reagents. The organic extract is filtered, concentrated and dried to obtain triterpenoid saponin powder at the final stage. The temperature is maintained in the range of 20-50 degrees Celsius, preferably 30-40 degrees Celsius. The concentration of organic reagents is in the range of 60-90 percent, vacuum or spray drying is used.

 Saponin obtained in accordance with this invention, can be used directly as a feed additive or as a healing drug.

 The dosage and method of use of such saponin are similar to those for conventional feed additives and health products. The content of saponin in the feed is 50-1500 parts per million / ppm /, preferably 250-750 ppm.

 In this invention, the biologically active ingredient from natural Camellia oilcake should be used as a feed additive. It can completely replace antibiotics in conventional feeds. Thanks to this, antibiotic entry into livestock products is excluded, the high quality of these products is achieved, environmental pollution is reduced, and the productivity of farm animals is increased. This substance can also be used as a nutritional health-improving agent. Thus, cheap oilcake can be effectively used to obtain social and economic benefits.

 The following examples are used to describe the present invention in more detail, but they do not limit it in any way.

Example 1
Preparation of dietary supplement A.

 800 g of oil cake of Camellia oleifera were extracted three times with alcohol (strength 83 volume percent). All organic extracts were mixed and evacuated. The result was 600 g of powder, which was directly used as a feed additive.

Example 2
Preparation of dietary supplement B
25 g of zinc sulfate and 25 g of manganese sulfate, both feed fractions were added to 1000 g of feed additive A, obtained in accordance with Example 1. After uniform mixing of the ingredients was obtained feed additive B.

Example 3
Preparation of dietary supplement C
100 g of zinc sulfate, 100 g of magnesium sulfate both feed fractions and 50 g of vitamin C were uniformly mixed with 1000 g of feed additive A described above. As a result, feed additive C was obtained.

Example 4
Improving the survival rate of pets.

 From July 1992 to June 1994, 3108 one-day-old chicks / 4 lots /, 320 11-day-old piglets and 600 young laying hens were collected in control and test groups to determine the survival rate. The control groups used balanced AMV feeds for broilers, balanced PCS feeds for pigs and balanced feeds for laying hens of the Wanghai brand of the composition shown in Table 1.

 In the test groups, 500 ppm of the dietary supplement according to Example 1 were used instead of all antibiotics in the control diets. The survival rate was determined after 49, 120 and 21 days of experiments for broilers, piglets and laying hens, respectively. The results are shown in table 2.

 The results show that Sasanqua saponin can be used to replace antibiotics in feed. The survival rate was increased by 0.95%, 14.29% / P <0.01 / and 1.91%, respectively, for broilers, laying hens and piglets.

Example 5
Increase in gain in live weight of animals.

 Under the same experimental conditions as in example 4, on the 49th day, the effect of the biologically active agent according to this invention on the increase in body weight of animals was determined. The corresponding results are shown below in table 3.

 With the use of saponin for broilers, net growth increased by 48.6 g / per bird, daily gain increased by 2.49 percent. For piglets, net growth increased by 2.25 kg / animal, daily gain increased by 9.64 percent.

 Effect on increased feed efficiency. Under the same experimental conditions as in example 4, the feed additive according to this invention was tested for feed efficiency. The results of the study are shown in table 4.

 The results show that the replacement of antibiotics with biologically active saponin reduces the feed / gain ratio by 9.71 percent / P <0.05 / and 4.72 percent for broilers and piglets, respectively.

Example 7
Impact on improving the nutritional value of meat.

 Under the same experimental conditions as in Example 4, on the 49th day, the fat and amino acid content of the chicken meat was determined. As a result, it was found that saponin can improve the nutritional quality of chicken meat, especially the threonine content by 8.38 percent / P <0.05 /.

Example 8
Impact on the technological quality of livestock products.

 Under the same experimental conditions as in Example 1, on the 49th day some technological parameters were determined. Substitution of antibiotics with saponin made it possible to increase the skin and pigmentation of broiler meat by 1.93 and 7.48 percent, respectively. Meat dehydration and its pH decreased by 1.37 and 2.5 percent, respectively. These results show that the use of saponin supplements improves the manufacturability and safety of meat products.

Example 9
Impact on the reduction of heavy metals in meat.

 Under the same experimental conditions as in example 4, the content of heavy metals in meat was determined, determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer on the 49th day. As a result, it turned out that the use of saponin reduced the content of cadmium broilers in meat by 94.41 and lead by 38.28 percent.

Example 10
Effects on antioxidant properties.

 750 ppm of the biologically active agent of Example 1 was added to normal feed. After incubation for 40 days at 40 degrees C, the acidity of the feed was determined using KOH titration, the peroxidation value was determined using sodium thiosulfate and the vitamin A content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography pressure. As a result, it was found that the use of saponin reduced acidity and peroxidation by 38.79 and 21.28 / P <0.05 / percent, respectively, while saponin had a protective effect on fats and vitamin A.

Example 11
Impact on the improvement of immune functions and antiviral properties.

 The saponin of Example 1 was added to the broiler feed at 750 ppm. After the introduction of IBD viruses to the chickens on the 28th day, on the 34th day, blood and spleen samples were taken. It was found that the content of immunoglobulin, the transformation coefficient of T-lymphocytes, interleukin 2 / IL-2 / and red blood cell receptors C3b increased respectively by 11.56 / P <0.01 /, 54.09 / P <0.05 /, 52 66 / P <0.05 /, 21.71 / P <0.05 / percent. Thus, saponin can improve immune functions and has an antiviral effect.

Example 12
Impact on free radicals and anti-mutation
Analysis of light radiation shows that the saponin obtained in example 1 is 94.4% free of the hyperoxygenic anion radical / 0 ₂ ^- // P <0.01 / and 78.19% / P <0.01 / of the hydroxyl radical / OH ^- /. Intramuscular injections of adult males and hens of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were performed over three days at a dosage of 82 mg / kg and 80 mg / kg, respectively. The addition of Sasanqua saponin in an amount of 750 ppm reduced cock sperm defects by 58.96% / P <0.01 / and increased ovulation in hens by 28.64%, while egg fertility increased by 75.54% / P <0.01 /. These results indicate that said extracted dietary supplement effectively protects cells from defects caused by alkylating agents.

Example 13
Bactericidal effect.

 750 ppm of the extracted biologically active agent was introduced into the culture bath to evaluate the bactericidal effect. It was found that there was a decrease in the concentration of E. Coli by 1.25-0.5 mg / ml and salmonella by 0.1563-0.0390 mg / ml.

Example 14
Effects on increasing hormones of proteins and enzymes.

 Under the same conditions as described in Example 4, venous blood samples were taken on the 49th day. The results of the study showed that the addition of saponin increases the level of serum testosterone by 25.61% / P <0.05 /, the total serum protein content - by 11.08%, the activity of alkaline phosphatase / alcaline phosphatase / - by 19.023%, the activity of amylase / amylase / - by 16.79% and the total activity of the proteolytic / proteolytic / enzyme - by 49.37%.

Example 15
Impact on the growth of aquatic animals.

 The addition of 10 ppm Sasanqua saponin to feed turtles, serpentine shrimp and blackheads improved their survival and increased growth rate.

 Example 16

 Sasanqua-Saponin Safety Study.

 The tea saponin obtained in accordance with Example 1 was added in an amount of 5000 ppm to rat food. After 30 days of feeding on such food no abnormalities were observed in either the somatic or reproductive cells of the rats. Thus, tea saponin is a safe feed supplement.

 We emphasize that this invention cannot be limited in any way by the above examples. Any person skilled in the art can develop many other variations of the invention, while remaining within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (7)

 1. A feed additive for animals containing a biologically active substance, characterized in that as a biologically active substance contains triterpenoid saponin in an effective amount.  2. A feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains triterpenoid saponin in an amount of 250-750 parts per million parts of feed by weight.  3. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the triterpenoid saponin is obtained from plants of the family Camellia L.  4. The feed additive according to claim 3, characterized in that the triterpenoid saponin is obtained from plants of the Camellia L family, such as Camellia sinensis. Camellia oleifera and Camellia japonica.  5. A feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that the triterpenoid saponin is obtained from the seeds or leaves of these plants.  6. The feed additive according to claim 5, characterized in that the triterpenoid saponin is obtained by extraction from the seed cake of these plants with an organic solvent at room temperature.  7. A method of improving the body of animals, including feeding them a feed additive containing an active substance, characterized in that the animals are fed a feed additive according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6.

Images