KR940004888B1 - Method of colouring of salmon fresh using sea-squirt - Google Patents

Abstract

The artificial coloring agent is prepd. by (a) pulverizing ascidian shell, (b) adding acetone 3 times that of the obtd. ascidian shell into the pulverized ascidian shell, (c) leaving it alone at room temp. for 1 night, and filtering, (d) extracting pigment of ascidian shell by mixing with diethyl ether, (e) removing diethyl ether of the mixt. to obtain the natural pigment. The obtd. natural pigment is useful for coloring agent of salmon meat color and body color improvement.

Description

Manufacturing method of artificial coloring agent for meat coloring of salmon using oyster shell pigment

1 is a sampling part of the present invention.

2 is a growth result of a sample in the present invention.

The present invention relates to a novel method for producing a colorant for aquaculture fish for artificially coloring meat color of aquaculture salmon as a natural pigment which is a pollution-free material. It is characterized by artificially extracting the natural pigments joined to the shells of different materials, namely seafood, and using them as colorants for farmed fish.

In addition to the increase in fish consumption, domestic demand for salmon, one of the high-end fish species, is increasing rapidly. Domestic consumption of salmon is almost dependent on imports except for some domestic farming.

In particular, rainbow trout, a kind of salmon, has already settled in Korea, and its production is increasing every year. Therefore, it is expected that the seawater farming of rainbow trout using low temperature water in winter will be expanded in the south coast.

By the way, natural salmon has a characteristic of pink or red fish oil, but farmed fish have artificially pigmented so far so that the value of the product decreases due to the lack of supply of natural pigments.

Mainly carotenoid pigments are mixed and administered, which is mainly dependent on imports from foreign countries, which wastes a lot of foreign currency, and it is expected that the import of artificial synthetic pigments will increase as the salmon production increases.

In view of the above problems, the present invention experimentally finds that a large amount of carotenoids, which are suitable for coloring salmon meat color, is contained in aquaculture shells, which are produced in large quantities in Korea, and extracted and artificially pigmented.

Since the biological function, coloring mechanism, accumulation and metabolism in fish and fish are not yet fully identified, the function of carotenoid pigments used for coloring salmon, the absorption and coloring process in fish body, and the pigment source The current status of the use of, and the current status of the squirrel trying to use as a natural pigment source and general biology are as follows.

1) Types of carotenoid pigments and natural pigment sources

Although carotenoids are widely distributed in almost all kinds of plants and animals, they are synthesized only in plants. Therefore, animals, including fish, must be absorbed from the outside through feed or food so that the pigment is expressed through meat color. It is identified as.

The carotenoid pigments usually have a bright red color, and are unstable in nature, mixed with other related substances, and easily oxidized, isomerized and recombined.

In particular, since they are difficult to be purified and standardized or analyzed chemically, it is difficult to accurately identify the migration, absorption, and coloring processes in fish.

Carotenoids found in aquatic organisms are mainly composed of astaxanthin and cantaxanthin. Salmon is known to have a ten to twenty times higher absorption of these two pigments than lutein or zeaxantin.

Wild salmon obtain carotenoid pigments from zooplankton, which store oxidized carotenoids from outside. About 90% of the pigments are stored in fish tissue and the rest of the skin and gonads.

The natural carotenoid pigment source is mainly occupied by marine crustaceans, and it is known that the pigment extracted from them, for example, astaxanthin, is most effectively absorbed by fish.

The reason for this is not clear, but it is speculated that crustaceans contain special substances that promote the absorption and accumulation of carotenoid pigments. Therefore, in Norway, the world's largest salmon farming country, shrimp processing waste has been mainly used as a pigment for artificial coloring of salmon. In general, it is reported that 6-7 months of mixing of shrimp waste in the feed to obtain the same color as fish meat. However, the present invention shows the result that the pigment extracted from the larvae is colored at almost the same level as the natural product in 2 months.

As shown in Table 1, the pigments in the shell are incomparable with any of the available pigment sources, and they are about the same as the krill that is most used to improve the coloration of red snapper, koi and goldfish. It was confirmed that it is a promising natural pigment source containing more than 70 times. In recent years, however, synthetic carotenoids have been widely used instead of natural pigments.

In other words, a synthetic carotenoid pigment called Roxanthin (aka Crophyll Red), a cantaxantahin, has been produced since 1964 at Roche of Switch, and has been almost exclusively used for artificial coloring of salmon.

Recently, Carophyii Pink, an astaxanthin, which has a further improved coloring effect, has been synthesized and sold.

However, these products are very expensive in imports, so there is a disadvantage in the economy is low.

In terms of stability, foods require the use of natural pigments instead of artificial synthetic pigments. In this regard, it is highly desirable to extract natural pigments from shellfish shells that have been disposed of entirely and use them as effective colorants for farmed fish. The industrial value is expected to be large.

2) metabolism of carotenoid pigments

Accumulation of carotenoid pigments in fish depends on: 1) ability to move in fish, 2) absorption efficiency in fish gut, 3) storage capacity in tissues, 4) metabolism and excretion in the body. .

The accumulation of pigments in the body of salmon varies greatly depending on the type, size, sex, and composition of the feed. The results of the studies to date indicate that the most important pigments, both cantaxanthin and astaxanthin, were significantly higher in fish than those administered individually. The carotenoid pigment was found to have the highest blood concentration after 8-36 hours after ingestion due to the slower absorption and digestibility of fish by other nutrients and fatty acids.

3) Function of carotenoid pigment

The biological basis for whether salmon alone specifically absorbs and stores carotenoid pigments is not yet clearly identified. However, it is believed that this pigment promotes growth, improves survival rate, and has a great effect on maturation and spawning. Carotenoids have been shown to be a source of vitamin A, as well as to protect from the sun's coronary glands, to increase the resistance to high temperatures and ammonia, to act as a respiratory and fertilizing hormone, and to increase rat immunity. In addition, it acts as an antioxidant in a low oxygen state, protecting the adipose tissue from peroxidation (peroxidation) by increasing the resistance to low water temperature.

Therefore, by applying carotenoids to farmed salmon, the product value is increased by changing the color of fish, and the entrepreneurs have strong adaptability to the environment, and the carotenoid pigment is used only as a pigment source for coloring because it has the effect of promoting survival and growth of fry. It is believed that it should not be handled but also as a bioactive substance or nutrient.

4) Status of Biological Farming

The squirrel swims in the same color as a tadpole, and soon attaches to solids and transforms to adulthood. Penang contains animal cellulose and adheres to roots. Oysters, along with oysters, are high in oyster species and are about 10% of muscle.

Eat at any time of the year, but eat a lot in the summer when the water temperature is higher than when the water temperature is low, and the taste is said to be the best. The reason why summer tastes good is that it contains more glycogen than winter.

Because of this, it is widely eaten in Korea, France, Hong Kong, Japan, etc., 277 species from Japan and 112 species from Taeyoung-ya near the United States, but the species of industrial value is Halocynthia riretzi. The water temperature range of the habitat is generally 5-24 ° C and inhabits around 20 to a few meters of depth. However, in coastal waters, larvae often die in the summer when high water temperature and heavy rainfall occur.

In Korea, farming has recently begun to expand as a new source of income, and as shown in Table 2, its production has increased significantly every year.

Therefore, if consumed only as raw food, the added value of farmed fish will be lowered and it will have a bad effect on the income increase of fishermen. In addition, in order to cope with price fluctuations due to increased production and harvest, and to increase value added, development of other processing methods for efficient use has emerged as a challenge, and at the same time, the use of carotenoids in the shell At present, various problems with artificial pigments are emerging, and it is very efficient in terms of recycling of unused resources as well as application to the food industry as a good pigment improver and broadening the use as fish color improver by feeding fish. Judging. Next, the extraction method of the pigment aimed at by this invention is as follows.

1) Extraction method of pigment from shell

Purify and grind the squirm shell, add three times of acetone to it, and allow it to stand overnight at room temperature. After separating and filtering the acetone, add acetylether to dissolve the pigment of the squill, and then collect the dimethyl ether layer to fish. Melting and separating the dieth ether layer as a concentrator to prepare a feed for color improvement and use it mixed with fish feed.

Carotenoid type pigment | dye extracted by this invention has the following types.

-carotene, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Astaxanthin, Mytiloxanthinone, Pectenolone, Diadinochrome, Diatoxanthin, Alloxanthin, Mytiloxanthin, Fucoxanthin, Halocynthiaxanthin, Fucoxanthinol.

2) The effect of the Rhubarb husk pigment extract on the coloration and growth of rainbow trout was as follows.

Example 1

G: Overview

As part of a series of experiments to examine the availability of pigments, the shellfish, which is currently disposed of in Korea, is primarily used for eight weeks in freshwater to examine the effect of color improvement and growth on rainbow trout, an important fish species. A water tank experiment was performed.

B: Materials and methods

(1) Experimental fish: An average of 5.7g of fry prepared for two weeks was used as a commercial feed for rainbow trout. The experimental group was 25, and the experiment was carried out by duplicate.

(2) Breeding experiment: The breeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks from May 22, 1990 to July 17, 1990, and the experiment was carried out in a 60 × 30 × 45 cm room installed in the fish farming laboratory of the Tongyeong Fisheries Junior College. A glass bath was used. Breeding device It is a circulating filtration breeding device that also serves as a feeding system, and a siphon device is attached so that fish droppings can immediately flow out of the breeding tank by adding supplemental water. At this time, the main water supply was 501 / hr, the dissolved oxygen was around 7ppm, and the water temperature was 17.6-23.0 ℃ throughout the entire breeding period, with an average of 20.6 ℃. Feeding was three times downstream and seven times a week. Body weights were measured at 2 week intervals.

(3) Feed preparation: Feed composition is 5% fish oil and 1% synthetic vitamin after degreasing twice as commercial chloroform: methanel (2: 1) mixture as shown in Table 1. Was added. The feed was mixed with each feed material for 10 minutes in a feed mixer (Shin Gamg TOM-8) and pellets prepared by nitrogen filling in 10g units and stored at -20 ℃ until plastic packaging. Among the raw materials added, dried (60 ° C.) in a shell shell dryer, and then pulverized with a grinder to make a powder.

This was based on the crude protein of the skin's general gloss analysis, which showed the possibility of using it as a shell within a range that does not significantly reduce the feed protein content.

Carophyll pink (Carophyll pink) is an artificial synthetic pigment for commercial use (Roche, Astaxanthin content 5%) to have a 40 ppm content of astaxanthin in the feed. This was based on the concentration of the best coloring effect by trout breeding results. Rhubarb skin pigment extract was dissolved in 3000 ml of ethanol and added to the feed stock solution. In the pigment extraction method, the shell was frozen at -40 ° C., extracted with acetone, transferred to the ether layer, and the solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. The amount was added in sufficient amount based on the content of astaxanthin, which is known to be effective for trout based on the results of the analysis of the carotenoid component of the skin.

(4) sample dyeing method

After the breeding experiment, five animals were randomly extracted from each test in the living state, and the color and meat were tested. Sampling sites are shown in Fig. 1.

The coloration of each part and the coloration of meat color were measured using a colorimeter (日本 電 色 ND-100IDR).

(5) The results of growth were compared as weight gain, feed efficiency, and daily growth rate.

Results:

The growth results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 2. Growth was the highest in the barley extract extract, average 5.7g after the week was 18.86, and the daily growth rate was 2.152%, which showed a significant difference (P <0.05) compared to the other three experiments. Among the remaining three experiments, the growth of the bark addition tended to be slightly slower, but the significant difference was not recognized compared to the other experiments.

In addition, the specific point throughout the transcriptional meat period was the growth promoting effect in the pigment extract addition. The best growth in this experiment was due to the action of the growth effective material of the extract itself or the past breeding experiences, whether the feed-rich experiments had good results for growth under the same feed conditions. In addition, it is possible to further investigate the benefits as the squirrel pigment extract has shown the possibility of being used as a feed promoting substance of fish. The results of coloring and flesh color are shown in Table 3.4.

First, all the coloring effects were found to have an additive effect compared to the large structure. Among them, artificial added pink (Pink) added group was the best, followed by extract and shell.

Visual observations throughout the breeding period showed that body surface and pigmentation began to appear clearly in the lateral line, pectoral fin, and dorsal fin. Compared with the control group, the coloration period began to appear after one month.

Second: the coloring effect of flesh color appeared in the same order as the coloring effect of coloring. Compared with the control, all were effective. Among them, the pink added group was the best, followed by the extract added group and the shell added group. The same result was observed in the visual evaluation, and the oyster shell was found to be effective as a color improving and coloring agent for fish.

In addition, we examined two complex phenomena of growth and coloration, but if the purpose is pure coloration, the metabolism of carotenoid pigments changes depending on the physiology of the fish and also varies with age. For practical application, it is necessary to experiment with rainbow trout of practical size.

TABLE 1

Composition of the test feed

* Astaxanthin 40ppm

TABLE 2

Table of Growth in Salmon for Two Months

TABLE 3

Coloring Change by Skin Area by Colorometer

(1) L... Lightness

(2) a… Redness

(3) b... Yellowness

TABLE 4

Color change of fish meat

As described above, the present invention extracts the pigment component of the slaughtered shells and uses it as an effective colorant for farmed fish, thereby replacing various problems of artificial pigments with natural pigments. There is an industrial effect that can greatly meet the income increase of fishermen by saving foreign currency and advanced farming fish species.

Claims (1)

Purify and grind the squirm shell, add three times of acetone to it, and allow it to stand overnight at room temperature. After separating and filtering the acetone, add acetylether to dissolve the pigment of the squill, and then collect the dimethyl ether layer to fish. A method for producing artificial colorants for salmon meat coloring using the oyster shell color, characterized in that for preparing a color improving feed by melting and separating the dieth ether layer as a concentrator, and mixing the same into a fish compound feed.