RU2195106C2 - Hotbed soil for growing vegetable and green crops, flowers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, plant growing in protected ground. SUBSTANCE: plant growing soil comprises zeolite of natural deposit, straw, chaff, bird dung, cereal and leguminous crop shell, medium acid and/or mildly acid soil and wood sawdust. Components are used in the following ratio, wt%: zeolite 30-35; straw 5-10; chaff 10-20; bird dung 10-15; medium acid and/or mildly acid soil 10-15; wood sawdust 10-15; cereal and leguminous crop shell 5-10. EFFECT: increased efficiency in use of agronomical ore and fertilizer, as well as postharvest remains of farm crops. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production, and can be used as a substrate and stimulator of plant growth and development. Soil can also be used for growing seedlings of vegetables and green crops, flowers. The raw material used is a product of natural origin - zeolite-containing raw materials of the Khotynets field of the Oryol region (HOTILIT) and by-products of cultivated agricultural crops, waste from cereal production and sawmill sawdust.

 Since 1987, more than 50 research institutes have studied the issues of their use in the national economy, including in open and protected soil farming, as part of the program “Russian Zeolites in the Agricultural Sector of the Country”. It has been established that in conditions of intensive agriculture, the role of sorption processes in regulating soil fertility and providing plants with nutrients using agro ore of zeolite-bearing rocks and tripoli has increased.

 A retrospective patent information search (until 1975) revealed more than 500 sources of scientific and technical literature and normative and technical documentation that are devoted to the use of zeolites in agriculture. Their analysis showed that in plant growing, zeolites can be used as ameliorants and soil improvers of the sorption type, as well as for the manufacture of long-acting mineral fertilizers and greenhouse soils. Inventions using HOTILITA sawdust and husk not found.

 The inventive soil for growing seedlings of vegetable and green crops, containing carbonate or calcareous HOTYLIT and optionally chicken droppings, floor and straw of agricultural crops, husks of legumes and cereals, sawdust of wood.

 Known soil soils for growing seedlings of cucumbers (RF Patent 2030856: Bulletin 8 of 03.20.95) authors: Khokhlov B.N., Dudin V.M., Klimovitsky M.L., Prytkov V.V., Batalin V.A. , Voronko I.O. (3), seedlings of vegetable crops (RF Patent 2030857: Bulletin 8 of 03.20.95) authors: Khokhlov B.N., Dudin V.M., Klimovitsky M.L., Prytkov V.V., Batalin V.A. , Voronko I.O. (2) that contain zeolite from the Transcarpathian field and carbonate sapropel. These inventions are closest to the soil for growing seedlings of vegetable crops, including peat with a moisture capacity of 500-700 per 100 ≈ 80 wt.%, Organic sapropel ≈20 wt.%, Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (1).

 However, these soils do not sufficiently affect the growth, development, and productivity of agricultural crops. cultures and require accurate selection and additional introduction of each microelement separately in the form of top dressing (1) or their use, according to the authors, is based only on the properties of the Transcarpathian field or other zeolite deposits that have the same properties as Transcarpathian.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the soil of greenhouses and hotbeds, the efficient and optimal use of local agricultural ore and fertilizers, as well as post-harvest crop residues.

 WANTES in its properties differs from Transcarpathian zeolites. It has been established that the main mineral of the zeolite group is clinoptilolite, followed by moraine, cristoballite and montmorillonite. Transcarpathian zeolites contain clinoptilolite 60-90%, and WANT - 35-45%. There is a significant difference in other minerals, macro- and microelements. Therefore, the present invention has significant differences from those described.

 KHOTYLIT belongs to the carbonate-clay-siliceous-geo-industrial type, which also contains glauconite and limestone tripoli, macrocells (phosphorus, potassium) and 18 trace elements vital for plants (zinc, boron, molybdenum, manganese, etc.). These properties of HOTYLIT provide plants of agricultural crops with elements of mineral nutrition in all phases of ontogenesis and create sanitary and hygienic conditions for the growth of seedlings in the first two weeks of their life. WANTES especially inhibits the development of pathogens of legumes and legumes, which increases the survival of plants. A large phytomass is formed in them, the root system is better developed, which increases the possibility of intensifying the biological elements of farming systems. Vegetation and field experiments in the hospitals of VNIIZBK established an increase in the yield of agricultural and fruit crops by 10-40%, an increase in the quality of products (improved organoleptic characteristics, etc.). HUNT has a pH of 8.3, which contributes to the deoxidation of soils. This gave reason to use medium and / or slightly acidic soils in the composition of the patented soil, which, under the influence of KHOTYLIT, become close to neutral, i.e. more fertile.

 WANTED is used in ground form (less than 0.01 mm) according to TU 10 of the RSFSR 3359-91.

 By-products include flooring and straw, sawmill sawdust and husk husks. Bran may also be used. This allows you to replenish the reserves of organic matter, macro- and microelements in the soil, which allows you to create optimal supply of plants or seedlings in nutrients.

 Examples of primers according to the invention in comparison with the prototypes are shown in the table.

 Preparation of the soil consists in mixing in the mixer or manually the starting components for 10-20 minutes until a homogeneous mass is obtained.

Literature
1. The use of sapropels in the national economy of the USSR and abroad. Overview information. The Ministry of Fuel of the RSFSR, TsBNTIiP. - M., 1990, 73 p. (GDR standard TGL 37125 (03)).

 2. Khokhlov B.N., Dudin V.M., Klimovitsky M.L., Prytkov V.V., Batalin V.A. , Voronko I.O. Soil soil for growing seedlings of vegetable crops. RF patent 2030857. Bull. March 8, 20.

 3. Khokhlov B.N., Dudin V.M., Klimovitsky M.L., Prytkov V.V. Batalin V.A., Voronko I.O. Soil soil for growing seedlings of cucumbers. RF patent 2030856. Bull. March 8, 20.

Claims (1)

Greenhouse-greenhouse soil for growing vegetables and green crops, flowers, containing zeolite, plant debris, bird droppings and soil component, characterized in that as zeolite it contains zeolite of the natural Khotynets field - WANT, as plant debris - straw, floor and husks of cereals and legumes, as a soil component - medium and / or slightly acidic soil and additionally contains sawdust of wood species in the following ratio of components, in wt. %:
Zeolite - 30 - 35
Straw - 5 - 10
Polova - 10 - 20
Bird droppings - 10 - 15
The soil is medium and / or slightly acidic - 10 - 15
Sawdust - 10 - 15
Husk of cereals and legumes - 5 - 10

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