RU2618313C1 - Method for preparation of organic fertiliser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: fertiliser is made from vegetable and melon crop waste, which is soaked in alcohol industry waste for 1-2 days in the amount of 20-30% of the DDGS volume. Zeolite-containing clay alanite in the range of 15-20% and quail droppings in the amount of 10-15% are added to the mixture.

EFFECT: method allows to produce the fertiliser, which is effective in organic substance content, with simultaneous utilisation of agricultural production and poultry keeping waste.

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Description

The invention relates to ecology and agriculture, in particular to the disposal of food waste used as fertilizers, and can find application in growing crops. A known method in which waste metallurgical slag is used with the additional introduction of zeolite (patent 2300510, published 10.06.2007, IPC C05D 11/00).

The known method is not effective enough, since it does not contain a number of organic substances necessary for microflora of the soil and plant nutrition.

There is also known a method where, to increase soil fertility, compost is prepared on the basis of plant waste from agricultural production, adding phosphogypsum industry waste (patent No. 2536457, published December 27, 2014, IPC АСС 21/00, C05F 3/00, C05F 17/00).

This analogue is quite complex, because for its implementation it is necessary to collect plant residues from the fields and animal feed waste for compost preparation.

The closest technical solution is a method where brewing wastes are used as organic matter, to which zeolites, wastes of chemical and cement production are added (patent No. 2444501, published March 10, 2012, IPC C05F 5/00).

The prototype method is not effective enough, because the introduced ingredients have a small amount of organic substances.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the method.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that fertilizers are prepared from waste from melons and vegetables, which are soaked in waste from the alcohol industry for 1-2 days in the amount of 20-30% of the volume of distillery stillage, after which zeolite-containing clay Alanite is added to this mixture within 15-20% and quail droppings in the amount of 10-15%.

The method is as follows.

Alcohol bard - waste of the alcohol industry contains (% of dry weight):

total nitrogen - 5.5; total phosphorus - 2.7; total potassium - 1.4; calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, zinc - in the range of 0.1-0.2%; crude protein - 32.8%; crude fat - 3.5; fiber - 20%.

The peel of melons and gourds: watermelons, melons - they contain a sufficient amount of carbohydrates, a complex of vitamins, karatinoids, fatty oils, folic and nicotinic acids, nitrogenous substances and a number of elements, thanks to which the vital function of soil microorganisms is maintained.

The pumpkin peel contains vitamin C in the range of 20-30% mg, carotenoids, of which 60-70% are biologically active, monosaccharides - 1.5-2%, solids - 8-10%, fiber - 0.83-1.82%. Valuable organic matter is found in the skin of potatoes, especially potassium.

The peel of a vegetable beet also contains a number of organic elements necessary for growing cultivated plants.

Quail litter contains total nitrogen - 8%; ammonia nitrogen - 1.4%; total phosphorus - 7.1%; potassium - 1.7%; trace elements (iron, manganese, zinc) in the range of 0.1-0.16%; crude protein - 30.5%; crude fat - 2.5%; fiber 14.0%.

The rationale for the selected process parameters is explained by the need for organic substances of cultivated winter crops, where cooked organic fertilizers were used.

In the acidic environment of the post-alcohol distillery stillage (pH-4.5), the peel of the melons and vegetables wastes dissolves in 1-2 days, after which Alanit clay containing a number of micro and macro elements is introduced. Calcium contained in Alanite (30-35%) neutralizes the acidic environment of the stillage. Quail droppings in the range of 10-15% are added to the prepared mixture. Vegetables and melons, ripened by autumn in a mixture with clay and bird droppings, enrich the prepared mixture for feeding winter crops.

Example 1. In a container, pour 100 liters of distillery stillage, add the waste of melons and vegetables in an amount of 20 kg. After 24 hours, Alanit clay is added in an amount of 20 kg and 10 kg of bird droppings. The mass is mixed and applied under the autumn tillage at the rate of 150 kg per 0.5 ha. After leveling the soil, winter crops are sown: wheat, barley.

Example 2. In 200 liters of post-alcohol distillery stillage add 60 kg of waste melons and vegetables. After 2 days, Alanite is administered in an amount of 30 kg and 30 kg of quail litter. The resulting mixture is embedded in the soil for sowing winter crops: rapeseed and camelina, based on the prepared mixture per hectare of sowing (320 kg).

The results of the experiments are summarized in table

Given the increase in crop yields of cultivated crops, we can conclude that the proposed method for the preparation of organic fertilizers can simplify the technical solution by utilizing waste products of plant and animal origin with the addition of a natural source of zeolite-containing clay of local origin.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing organic fertilizer, including the use of waste from the food industry with the additional introduction of zeolites, characterized in that the fertilizer is prepared from waste melons and vegetables that are soaked in waste from the alcohol industry for 1-2 days in an amount of 20-30% of the volume of distillery stillage, then zeolite-containing clay Alanite is added to this mixture in the range of 15-20% and quail droppings in the amount of 10-15%.