RU2360893C1 - Bio-organic fertiliser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: bio-organic fertiliser consists of organic wastes of agriculture and of poultry dung processed by micro-biological fermentation with micro-elements including copper, cobalt and zinc. The fertiliser also contains macro-elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a bound form. Components of the fertiliser are at the following ratio: total nitrogen -4.0…7.0; including ammonia nitrogen 2.5…4.0; phosphorus (P₂O) - 7.0…12.0; and potassium (K₂O) - 1.0…3.0. Micro-elements are at the following ratio: weight concentration of mg/l - copper 3.0; cobalt - 5.0; zinc - 23.0; water - 85…95. Also fertiliser contains phytohormones, humic acids and fulvic acids at the following ratio - auxins, mg/l (for indolyl-3-acetic acid) not less 3.0; gibberellins, mg/l (for gibberellin acid) not less 17.0; cytokinins, mg/l (for kinetine) not less 500.0; humic acids, mg/l not less 1000.0; fulvic acids, mg/l not less 1000.0. Recommended degree of preparation dilution for foot root fertilising is 20 times, for guaranteed influence on vegetation processes - 50…100 times, and for stimulating generative processes - 200 times.

EFFECT: complete and safe utilisation of aggressive wastes of poultry factories and livestock complexes, and increased crop yield and quality of agricultural crops at reduced dozes of fertilisers.

2 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The claimed invention relates to agriculture, and more specifically to the production of organic fertilizers based on cattle manure, pig manure, bird droppings, etc. agricultural waste, and can be used in crop production and in the industrial utilization of poultry and livestock waste.

Natural organic fertilizers used in crop production have low efficiency, which is why in order to obtain acceptable yield indicators they have to be applied to the soil in very large volumes - from 3 to 12 and even up to 30 tons per 1 ha (see V.A. Vasiliev et al. “Handbook of Organic Fertilizers.” - M., Rosagroprom, 1988, p. 39, 170).

Bioorganic fertilizer is also known according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2191764, C05F 3/00, 2000. This fertilizer contains moist nitrogen-free substance of bird, mainly chicken, manure, as well as calcium salts of nitrogen-containing organic acids and calcium oxide hydrate.

Although this fertilizer allows you to utilize poultry waste and regulate the acid-base conditions of the soil, however, the effectiveness of this fertilizer is quite low, since to achieve the required performance per 1 ha, 5.5 tons of fertilizer must be applied, which requires a large cost for their delivery and application . In addition, the production process of this fertilizer is periodic, inefficient, with high energy costs and with the obligatory presence of staff in contact with harmful pollutants - fresh litter and other harmful chemicals.

All of the above makes this fertilizer ineffective and uneconomical in manufacture and use, which drastically narrows its scope.

It is also known organic-mineral fertilizer by and.with. USSR N 1675293, C05F 3/00, 1988, containing organic fertilizer and phosphogypsum in equal proportions, moreover, as organic fertilizer it contains a solid fraction of the product obtained from the processing of crude manure by fermentation to obtain ethanol and subsequent anaerobic digestion with the mineral part - phosphogypsum in a ratio of 1: 1.

This fertilizer, although it is a rather easily digestible substance by plants, which allows to reduce the dose of its introduction into the soil, however, a number of its characteristics and the method of its production limit the possibility of widespread production and use of this fertilizer.

For example, fermentation itself is at least a 2-step process. In addition, in order to obtain this fertilizer, preliminary separation of the segmented sludge into solid and liquid parts is required, which not only complicates the production process, but also deprives the sludge of a number of useful elements contained in the solution, for example, fulvic acids.

The well-known bioorganic fertilizer according to the patent of the Russian Federation N2141932, C05F 11/08, 1998, contains litter of birds or animals processed by microbiological fermentation, as well as active non-pathogenic sludge of microorganisms or an association of microorganisms in an amount of 0.2 wt.%, Capable of causing biodegradation of oil and oil products, and also a growth stimulator of microorganisms in a concentration of 1 · 10 ^-6 -1 · 10 ^-4 wt.%.

This fertilizer allows you to develop plots of land contaminated with oil products, however, for ordinary lands this fertilizer is not of interest, since the production process of this fertilizer is cyclical, various additives are added to it, as a result of which the technological process of producing such fertilizer is too complicated and the cost of its production is too high.

The well-known complex organic-mineral fertilizer according to the patent of the Russian Federation N2165401, C05F 3/00, 2000, contains organic and mineral components, in which as an organic component it contains a chemically disinfected fecal component and a mixture of brown coal and waste with organic additives, and as a mineral component - sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as waste phosphate rock or ash dumps.

This fertilizer allows you to create a composition of the nutrient mixture with any given ratio of macronutrients, improve soil structure and provide the required moisture-air regime.

At the same time, the use of this fertilizer, as well as the aforementioned known fertilizers, is ineffective due to the fact that the production process of this fertilizer is cyclic, various additives are added to it, in addition, chemical disinfection is required, which clearly worsens the environmental cleanliness of the product and, due to which, the technological process of production of such fertilizer is complicated and the cost of its production increases.

The closest in technical essence and in the achieved effect from its use to the claimed bioorganic fertilizer is the well-known bioorganic fertilizer according to RF patent N2248955, C05F 3/00, 2002, containing agricultural waste processed by microbiological fermentation in the form of bird droppings with microelements, including copper, cobalt and zinc, as well as macrocells nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in bound form, moreover, the biological and organic components are combined, and the components of the fertilizer are in the following ratio:

- macronutrients, wt.% on absolutely dry matter:

total nitrogen 4.0 ... 7.0 including ammonium nitrogen 2.5 ... 4.0 phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) 7.0 ... 12.0 potassium (K ₂ O) 1,0 ... 3

- trace elements, mass concentration mg / l, not more than:

copper 3.0 cobalt 5,0 zinc 23.0 water, wt.% 85 ... 95

The use of this fertilizer allows for safe disposal of aggressive waste from poultry farms, and also increases productivity and product quality while reducing fertilizer consumption.

At the same time, in the process of ongoing ongoing research on fertilizers of this type, new combinations of fertilizer components were experimentally revealed that significantly increase the efficiency of its use and significantly expand the field of application of fertilizers of this type.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to expand the arsenal of existing technical equipment related to a further increase in the efficiency of production and application of bioorganic fertilizer by providing an additional increase in the efficiency of its use for any agricultural crop on any soil and field of any area.

This problem is solved using the technical result from the use of the claimed invention, which consists in a significant reduction in fertilizer consumption per hectare of cultivated soil while achieving increased productivity by ensuring the targeted use of a guaranteed combination of nutrients, phytohormones-auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins, as well as humic and fulvic acids while ensuring high productivity and comfortable working conditions with a continuous production process fertilizer.

This result is achieved by the fact that in a known bioorganic fertilizer containing processed organic microbiological fermentation agricultural waste, such as bird droppings, with trace elements, including copper, cobalt and zinc, as well as trace elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in bound form, moreover, biological and organic the components are combined, and the components of the fertilizer are in the following ratio:

- macronutrients, wt.% on absolutely dry matter:

total nitrogen 4.0 ... 7.0 including ammonium nitrogen 2.5 ... 4.0 phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) 7.0 ... 12.0 potassium (K ₂ O) 1,0 ... 3,0

trace elements, mass concentration mg / l, not more than:

copper 3.0 cobalt 5,0 zinc 23.0 water, wt.% 85 ... 95

additionally contains phytohormones and humic and fulvic acids, which are in the following ratio:

auxins, mg / l (according to indolyl-3-acetic acid) not less than 3.0 gibberellins, mg / l (according to gibberellic acid) not less than 17,0 cytokinins, mg / l (kinetin) not less than 500.0 humic acids, mg / l not less than 1000,0 fulvic acids, mg / l not less than 1000,0

Introduction to the composition of bioorganic fertilizers, in addition to macro- and microelements of phytohormones and humic and fulvic acids in a certain combination, is ensured as a result of methane fermentation in a continuous one-stage process. This combination can significantly increase the yield of any agricultural crops.

It should be noted that in the production of the proposed bioorganic fertilizer, the starter is introduced into the bioreactor, where fermentation occurs at the stage of its launch, once, and the fertilizer is drained from the bioreactor by gravity, without being subjected to any additional processing.

The quantitative ratios of the ingredients of the inventive bioorganic fertilizer were obtained experimentally after a series of analyzes of the composition of the fertilizer during its production and subsequent experimental use.

In addition to the above macro- and microelements, as well as phytohormones and plant growth stimulants, the fertilizer contains an active microbial mass of bacteria that carry out methane digestion, which fall into the final product in accordance with the technology.

The proposed bioorganic fertilizer is obtained by methane fermentation of agricultural waste, for example, cattle manure, pig manure, bird droppings, etc. agricultural waste using a starter culture containing methane-forming bacteria, for example, type "Methano-bacterium species".

The fertilizer plant is fully automated. The process is continuous and is carried out according to the following scheme: the feedstock enters the receiving hopper, from where it is pumped into the intermediate tank. From the intermediate tank, the feed is pumped to the bioreactor by a metering pump, where methane (anaerobic) fermentation of the feedstock takes place in the temperature range from +40 to + 56 ° С. Microbiological starter culture is introduced into the raw material once at the stage of launching the bioreactor and is prepared as follows.

Ferment is prepared by anaerobic (methane) fermentation of fresh cow and horse manure, as well as goose droppings, taken in the ratio 1: (1.5 ... 2.5) :( 2.5 ... 3.5).

Recycled manure or manure — finished fertilizer — is gravity drained from the bioreactor into the finished product bin. At the same time, another useful product of processing raw materials is biogas (produced during the fermentation process), which is taken from the bioreactor by a pump compressor and fed to the boiler room for use as fuel.

After completion of the process, the result is a bioorganic fertilizer, which is a liquid from light brown to dark brown in color with an acidity (indicator of the activity of hydrogen ions) from 7 to 8.5 pH. At the same time, a mass concentration of toxic element impurities is significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for soils, as well as an index of sanitary-indicative microorganisms (BGKP and enterococci) from 1 to 9 cells / g and the absence of viable eggs and larvae of helminths, pathogenic bacteria, in t .h. salmonella.

In the course of the above microbiological process, a balanced composition is formed, including a set of macro- and micronutrient elements, an additional supply of food in the form of humic and fulvic acids, as well as living microorganisms that can process this reserve, and phytohormones - plant life regulators.

Specialists working in this field know that the ability of plants to regulate their functions and adapt to the action of adverse factors determines their survival in constantly changing environmental conditions.

Among the regulatory systems of plants, the main role is given to phytohormones. They regulate the growth and development of plants, ensure the integrity of the plant organism, by coordinating the interaction of individual cells, tissues and organs.

Phytohormones are involved in the formation of an adaptive response of plants to a lack of moisture, extreme temperatures, soil salinization, the presence of salts of heavy metals, a lack of oxygen, high or low light, UV radiation, an increased content of toxic gases in the atmosphere, the effects of pathogens, viruses, etc.

Phytohormones, being biologically active compounds, have a physiological effect in very low concentrations of 10 ^-5 -10 ^-11 M. They act together and can enhance each other's effect if antagonistic relationships arise between the individual components of the hormonal system of plants. In addition, as a result of the experiments, it was found that the prevailing phytohormones in the sample are cytokinins, followed by gibberellins and auxins.

Based on these results, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. An increased concentration of cytokinins in the fertilizer will contribute to:

1.1. water transport and, accordingly, increase the amount of mineral nutrients coming from the roots to the aboveground organs of plants, stimulate their growth and photosynthetic activity of leaves;

1.2. slows down aging and prolongs the period of growth of the vegetative mass (anti-aging effect);

1.3. activates the growth of lateral buds, increases the bushiness of plants;

1.4. activates seed germination.

2. The presence of gibberellins in the fertilizer will contribute to:

2.1. stimulation of seed germination;

2.2. activation of hydrolytic enzymes;

2.3. accelerate the breakdown of spare compounds in the seed;

2.4. accelerated embryo growth;

2.5. cell stretching and rapid growth of the plant stem;

2.6. initiate the processes of formation of auxins in plants or transfer them from an indigestible to a digestible form by plants.

3. The presence of auxins in the fertilizer will contribute to the growth reactions of the roots, kidneys and stems at low concentrations specific to each of these organs.

In the proposed bioorganic fertilizer, phytohormones are found in significant quantities.

As a result of the studies conducted by the authors together with biochemists of the Nizhny Novgorod State University on the qualitative and quantitative determination of phytohormone groups in the proposed fertilizer, the recommended degree of sample dilution (i.e., a special ratio of the amount of the initial preparation and the working fertilizer applied to the soil) for root dressing in the phase of the beginning of budding to earthing up is 20 times, for guaranteed influence on vegetative processes - 50 ... 100 times, and for stimulation of generative processes s - 200 times, which proves the profitability and benefits of the proposed fertilizer.

It is known that humic compounds that are part of the proposed bioorganic fertilizer are an integral part of humus, which largely determines the soil fertility. Humus contains the basic elements of plant nutrition, which, under the influence of microorganisms, pass into forms accessible to plants.

An important feature of the fertilizer is that it contains active beneficial microorganisms, both methanogens and related bacteria.

Once in the soil, these rhizospheric microorganisms exert a tremendous influence on plants, supplying them with physiologically active substances, vitamins, and nitrogen (nitrogen fixation), enhance the solubilization of phosphates, and release other plant nutrients from soil minerals.

Multiple experiments were conducted on the development and application of the inventive bioorganic fertilizer, including production tests on different crops and soils on the basis of various agricultural enterprises.

The experiments confirmed the high efficiency of the proposed bioorganic fertilizer. We illustrate this with a few examples.

Example 1. To study the effect of the claimed fertilizer on the energy of seed germination, tests were conducted by the Agrochemical Center "Nizhny Novgorod" on vegetables, crops and herbs.

Moreover, to study the effect of the proposed fertilizer on the seed germination energy, a fertilizer of the following composition was used:

Dry matter, wt.% 5.0,

including in wt.% on dry matter (CB):

- macrocells,

total nitrogen 4.0 including ammonium nitrogen 2.5 phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) 7.0 potassium (K ₂ O) 1,0

- trace elements, mass concentration mg / l:

copper 3.0 cobalt 5,0 zinc 23.0 water, wt.% rest

- phytohormones and humic and fulvic acids, mass concentration mg / l:

auxins (for indolyl-3? acetic acid) 3.45 gibberellins, (according to gibberellic acid) 17,926 cytokinins, (according to kinetin) 1664,013 humic acids 1140.00 fulvic acids 1006.50

Studies of the effect of the proposed fertilizer on seed germination energy have shown an increase in this energy in all crops, without exception.

As a result of the studies, it was found that the increase in seed germination energy in specific crops is:

1) for beets "Ekkendorf yellow":

(when diluting fertilizer 1:20) - 5 times;

2) for corn "Sugar" Zarya "

(when diluting fertilizer 1:20) - 3 times;

3) on the grass Rodis

(when diluting fertilizer 1:20) - 3 times;

The increase in seed germination energy clearly demonstrates the positive effect of gibberellins, cytokinins, which are part of the proposed fertilizer, as well as the synergistic stimulating effect of humic and fulvic acids.

(See "Information from the Nizhny Novgorod Agrochemical Center on laboratory experiments to study the effect of Urozhay-S liquid organic fertilizer on the germination energy of corn seeds, fodder beets and Rodis grass", Nizhny Novgorod, 2007, as well as the Report of the Nizhny Novgorod State University about research "Determining the presence and quantitative ratio of the main groups of phytohormones in the Urozhay-S fertilizer, Nizhny Novgorod, 2007, p. 10).

Example 2. To study the effect of the claimed fertilizer on the yield and the growing process of greenhouse crops, an experiment was conducted in the greenhouse farm of the Gorkovsky Agricultural Complex of the Nizhny Novgorod Region on the culture of a cucumber of the Gladiator variety by the method of state testing of agricultural crops.

Fertilizer was used in 10 greenhouses, each with an area of 1000 sq.m. Fertilizing with Urozhay-S fertilizer was started during flowering and fruiting with a frequency of 1 time per week at the rate of 0.4 l of solution per 1 sq. M (when diluted 1:20).

In this case, to study the effect of the proposed fertilizer on the productivity of the greenhouse crop, the following composition was used:

Dry matter, wt.% 5.0,

including in wt.% on dry matter (CB):

- macrocells,

total nitrogen 7.0 including ammonium nitrogen 4.0 phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) 12.0 potassium (K ₂ O) 3.0

- trace elements, mass concentration mg / l:

copper 3.0 cobalt 5,0 zinc 23.0 water, wt.% rest

- phytohormones and humic and fulvic acids, mass concentration mg / l:

auxins (indolyl-3-acetic acid) 5.00 gibberellins (according to gibberellic acid) 34.00 cytokinins (according to kinetin) 500.00 humic acids 1140.00 fulvic acids 1006.50

As a result of tests conducted over 3 months, it was found that Urozhay-S fertilizer promotes significant root growth: the root system of treated plants is 10% more powerful than untreated plants and has many root hairs, which increases the yield nutrients in the aboveground organs of plants. With the use of fertilizer, the vegetative mass of plants increased, the plants were distinguished by good vegetative growth and fouling, the formation of additional shoots, and fast fruit loading (the combined effect of gibberellins and cytokinins).

Earlier fruit ripening was observed - 2 weeks earlier than usual. Productivity increased by 10%.

The farm's specialists noted the high quality, ease of use and profitability of the proposed bioorganic fertilizer, as well as its low consumption at a low price compared to other organic substances previously used in the greenhouse economy.

(See "Information on conducting production trials of fertilizer liquid organic fertilizer" Urozhay-S "on the culture of cucumber", Agricultural factory "Gorkovsky", 2007).

Example 3. To study the effect of the claimed fertilizer on the potato culture, field trials were conducted at the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar).

The studies were conducted according to accepted methods and provided for various schemes for processing potatoes of several varieties.

The test results are presented in diagrams 1 and 2.

Figure 1 reflects the effect of fertilizer "Harvest C" on the yield of potatoes of the varieties "Early Bryansk", "Lutovsky" and "Scrub".

When processing them were used: one basal dressing + one spraying.

In this case, root top dressing was carried out in the phase of the beginning of budding to the earthing up of 20 l per hundred square meters. Dilution of the drug 1:20 (1 liter undiluted per one hundred parts).

Spraying was carried out 3 weeks before harvesting 10 liters per hundred square meters, i.e. at a dilution of 1: 100, 0.1 l of crop "Harvest C" per hundred square meters is required.

Figure 2 reflects the effect of fertilizer "Harvest C" on the yield of potato varieties "Detskoselsky", "Axamit" and "Snow White".

When processing them were used: one basal top dressing + two sprayings.

In this case, root top dressing was carried out in the phase of the beginning of budding to the earthing up of 20 l per hundred square meters. Dilution of the drug 1:20 (1 liter undiluted per one hundred parts).

The first spraying was carried out in the phase of budding and flowering of 10 liters per hundredths, i.e. at a dilution of 1: 100, 0.1 l of crop "Harvest C" per hundred square meters is required.

The second spraying was carried out 3 weeks before harvesting 10 liters per hundred square meters, i.e. at a dilution of 1: 100, 0.1 l of crop "Harvest C" per hundred square meters is required.

To carry out the above tests, a fertilizer of the following composition was used:

Dry matter, wt.% 5.0,

including in wt.% on dry matter (CB):

- macrocells,

total nitrogen 4.0 including ammonium nitrogen 2.5 phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) 7.0 potassium (K ₂ O) 1,0

- trace elements, mass concentration mg / l:

copper 3.0 cobalt 5,0 zinc 23.0 water, wt.% rest

- phytohormones and humic and fulvic acids, mass concentration, mg / l:

auxins (indolyl-3-acetic acid) 3.45 gibberellins (according to gibberellic acid) 17,926 cytokinins (according to kinetin) 1664,013 humic acids 1140.00 fulvic acids 1006.50

According to the test results, it was concluded that the vast majority of potato varieties treated with small doses of fertilizer (1 liter per one hundredth for root feeding and 0.1 liter per hundredth for spraying-foliar top dressing) with large dilutions from 1:20 for application in the soil, up to 1: 100 for spraying received significant increases in yield.

Potato productivity depending on the variety increased for the varieties:

"Early Bryansk" 1.5 times Lugovskoy 2.4 times "Scrub" 1.6 times "Detskoselsky" 1.2 times "Axamite" 5.8 times "Snow White" 2.5 times

At the same time, the size of tubers and the yield of marketable products increased in relation to the total mass of the crop (see the Report of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Grintek LLC on the study of the influence of Urozhay-S fertilizer on the productivity of varietal potatoes, Syktyvkar-Nizhny Novgorod, 2007).

Using the invention allows:

1. To ensure a further increase in the efficiency of the application of bioorganic fertilizer by providing a significant additional increase in the yield of agricultural crops while reducing the required doses that are necessary for applying to the soil, and, accordingly, reducing the cost of energy, equipment and human resources.

2. To maintain the high quality of farmed agricultural products through the use of only natural organic fertilizer, guaranteed to not contain any harmful impurities and chemical additives that could pass into the grown plants.

3. To increase the fertility of the soil into which the proposed fertilizer is applied, in order to obtain stably high yields due to the transition to the soil of both trace elements: copper, cobalt and zinc, as well as the main and additional useful active microflora contained in bioorganic fertilizer.

4. To ensure the widespread use of bioorganic fertilizer on any soil for any agricultural crop due to its versatility due to its original balanced composition and neutral acidity both for pre-sowing seed treatment and as top dressing and directly for application to the soil with incorporation.

5. Ensure the complete and safe disposal of extremely aggressive waste from poultry farms and livestock farms, and therefore provide a significant improvement in the environmental situation in the regions where these poultry farms and livestock farms are located.

6. To ensure high production efficiency of the claimed fertilizer through the use of a completely waste-free technology (a complete closed cycle of methane fermentation), which allows to obtain two final useful products - bioorganic fertilizer and biogas used as a cheap effective energy source.

7. Ensure high labor productivity, economical production and comfortable work of maintenance personnel in the production of fertilizer by ensuring its production in one stage with full automation of the entire production process, eliminating the need for constant presence of personnel at the production site in an aggressive environment dangerous to human health.

8. To ensure high production efficiency by using waste materials from the local renewable source as agricultural raw materials: manure, litter, etc., which makes it very economical to produce such fertilizer in very large volumes, which turn can become the basis for the deployment of large-scale organic organic farming.

Claims (2)

1. Bioorganic fertilizer containing organic waste processed by microbiological fermentation, for example, bird droppings, with microelements, including copper, cobalt and zinc, as well as macroelements - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in bound form, the biological and organic components being combined, and fertilizer components are in the following ratio:
macronutrients, wt.% on absolutely dry matter:
total nitrogen 4.0 - 7.0
including ammonium nitrogen 2.5 - 4.0
phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) 7.0 - 12.0
potassium (K ₂ O) 1.0 - 3.0
trace elements, mass concentration mg / l, not more than:
copper 3.0
cobalt 5.0
zinc 23.0
water, wt.% 85 - 95,
characterized in that it contains phytohormones and humic and fulvic acids, which are in the following ratio:
auxins, mg / l (for indolyl-3-acetic acid) not less than 3.0
gibberellins, mg / l (according to gibberellic acid) not less than 17,0
cytokinins, mg / l (according to kinetin) not less than 500.0
humic acids, mg / l not less than 1000,0
fulvic acids, mg / l not less than 1000,0 2. Bioorganic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the recommended degree of dilution of the drug to obtain maximum efficiency from the use of bioorganic fertilizer for radical top dressing is 20 times, for a guaranteed effect on vegetative processes - 50-100 times, and for stimulating generative processes - 200 times.

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