RU2189421C2 - Combined fixing of slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering; applicable in coast-protecting structures in erodible beds of rivers, canals and other structures. SUBSTANCE: used in combined fixing of slopes are reinforced slabs. Novelty consists in that fixing is effected by foliated concrete blocks subdivided in plan by structural-functional joints into squares or rectangles interconnected with one another from all four sides by rabitsa net and formed by a layer alternating of concrete slabs joined with high-strength mortar or concrete in which rabitsa net is continuously laid or in strips in points of block joining. Said net from atop is brought onto berm and rigidly secured, and on bottom, ends of bottom fasteners are introduced into depth of slopes to form cantilevers. Numbers of layers of concrete slabs is more than two, and a number of layers of rabitsa net is more than one, and depends on values of possible static and dynamic loads. EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability of protection of beds of rivers and canals from erosion, increased service life of coast-protecting structure. 5 cl, 12 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering and can be used as shore protection structures in eroded riverbeds, canals and other structures.

 A device for attaching a slope of an earth structure is known, comprising a synthetic filter coating laid on the slopes, retaining elements and a layer of stone outline. The holding elements are made in the form of crossbars, racks with hinges, ropes, mesh and limiters. The stone sketch is made in the form of gravel. The lower ends of the struts are pivotally attached to the crossbar, and their upper ends to the rope. A mesh is attached to the rope. One of the ends of the rope is attached to the crossbar, and their other free ends are tensioned due to the application of force, and the posts and crossbars are connected by K-stops. A layer of stone is laid between the coating and the mesh. A layer of gravel protects the coating from dynamic wave action. In turn, it is reliably protected by a grid held in a predetermined position by ropes (see AS SU 1461821, E 02 D 17/20, 02.28.1989).

 The disadvantage of this design is that this technical solution is quite complex, which makes it unreliable in operation and expensive in cost, the fasteners are in direct contact with the fluid flow and entrained sediments and therefore can undergo rapid attrition and destruction in a short time, it is especially dangerous to use such a fastener on mudflows. The disadvantage is also that the efficiency of fastening is significantly reduced when there are large fluctuations in the water level, fluctuations in speed and flow rate in the river or canal.

 The closest technical solution in essence and the technical result achieved is the fastening of slopes with a layered flexible screen, consisting of several rows of reinforced concrete slabs with side sizes from 3 to 9 m and a thickness of 8-18 cm with bitumen insulation between them (see Zhuravlev G. I. Hydrotechnical facilities. - M .: Kolos, 1979, p. 186).

 The disadvantages of this technical solution are the possibility of destruction of the fastener over time as a result of temperature and other influences that cause various kinds of deformation, and the design of this fastener does not provide structural-expansion joints to allow relative elongation and reduction of the size of the fastener. The disadvantages of this solution include its inefficiency, as well as the fact that during operation, over time, the mount can creep down the slope, as it rests from the bottom and does not fasten at the top.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of protecting the banks of riverbeds and canals from erosion, as well as increasing the durability of the shore protection structure.

 This goal is achieved in that the combined fastening of slopes containing reinforced slabs according to the invention consists of layered concrete blocks, broken in terms of structural-expansion joints into squares or rectangles, interconnected from all four sides by a mesh netting and formed by layer-by-layer alternation of concrete slabs, glued with high-strength mortar or concrete, in which a mesh-net is laid in continuous or in strips at the joints of the blocks, the mesh on the slopes on top is brought to the berm and JCOMM is fixed, and the bottom ends of the bottom fastening come into deep slopes, forming a console, the number of layers of concrete slabs are more than two, and the number of layers of mesh, netting more than one, depending on the size of the possible static and dynamic loads.

 Moreover, in the combined fastening, concrete slabs, depending on the relative relative position, can have bulges and concavities into which a high-strength mortar or concrete is poured and a mesh netting is laid.

 At the bottom of the fastening of the slopes on a bare bottom, a flexible ponur attached to it can be provided, consisting of blocks divided in terms of structural-expansion joints into squares or rectangles interconnected from all four sides by a chain-link grid and formed by layer-by-layer alternation of concrete slabs glued with a high-strength mortar or concrete, in which a mesh-net is laid in continuous or in strips at the joints of the blocks.

 From above, the mesh on the edge can be fixed to the pipe using cables and braces anchored on the berm of the river channel or channel outside the zone of possible slope slip.

 The fastening in the plan can be a checkerboard alternation of concrete blocks and cells with a mesh netting, pinched from four sides, into which moisture-loving plants with a developed root system are planted.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:
in FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a river channel or channel with combined fastening of the bottom and banks with two layers of stones, in the case when the net is brought onto a berm;
in FIG. 2 - combined fastening of a river bed or channel with continuous reinforcement with a mesh netting, top view;
in FIG. 3 - combined fastening of a river bed or channel with continuous reinforcement with a mesh netting at the joints of concrete blocks, top view;
figure 4 - node a in figure 1, concrete blocks with two layers of concrete slabs;
figure 5 - node a in figure 1, concrete blocks with three layers of concrete slabs;
figure 6 - assembly diagram of the mount of concrete slabs having a convexity and concavity;
Fig.7 is a fragment of a combined fixture, consisting of two layers of concrete slabs having a convexity and concavity;
on Fig is a fragment of a combined fastening, consisting of three layers of concrete slabs having a convexity and concavity;
in FIG. 9 is a cross-section of a river channel or channel with combined shore fastening and flexible nonsense before operation;
in FIG. 10 is a cross section of a river channel or canal with combined fastening of the banks and a flexible, deepened down during operation;
in FIG. 11 - combined fastening of the shores with the help of flexible recessed ponura during operation, top view;
in Fig.12 - node C in Fig.10.

 The cross section of the channel 1 consists of bottom 2 and coastal 3 parts (slopes), on which a combined fastener 4 is arranged. A composite fastener 4 contains puffed concrete blocks 6, divided in terms of structural-expansion joints 5 into squares or rectangles interconnected from all four sides with a mesh-net 8 and formed by layer-by-layer alternation of concrete slabs glued with a high-strength mortar or concrete 7, in which a mesh-net 8, mesh 8 on braids 3 are brought from above to the berm 9 and rigidly fixed, and at the bottom the ends of the bottom fastening go into the depth of slopes 3, forming cantilevers, the number of layers of concrete slabs is more than two, and the number of layers of mesh-net 8 is more than one and depends on the possible static and dynamic loads. In the combined fastening 4, concrete slabs, depending on the relative relative position, can have bulges 14 and concavities 13 or be double-sided 15, i.e. on one side of the slab there is a concavity, and on the other hand, a bulge into which a high-strength mortar or concrete 7 is poured and a net-net 8 is laid. At the bottom of the fastening of the slopes 3 on a bare bottom, a flexible reinforcement 16 connected to it can be provided, consisting of of blocks 6, broken in terms of structural-expansion joints 5 into squares or rectangles, interconnected from all four sides by a mesh-net 8 and formed by layer-by-layer alternation of concrete slabs glued with a high-strength mortar or concrete 7, in which continuous or by strips 11 in places of joining of blocks 6 the grid-chain 8 is laid.

 From above, the mesh 8 on the edge can be fixed to the pipe 19, which, with the help of cables 20 and braces 23, is attached to the anchors 21 with an emphasis 22 outside the zone of possible slope creep 3.

 The fastening in the plan can be a checkerboard alternation of concrete blocks 6 and cells 17 with a mesh-net 8, pinched from four sides, into which moisture-loving plants with a developed root system 18 are planted.

 Combined mount works as follows. Concrete blocks 6 consisting of concrete slabs are tightly laid on the prepared bottom 2 and slopes 3 of the cross section 1 of the river or channel. A layer of high-strength mortar or concrete 7, which is aligned in height, is laid on concrete slabs with squares or rectangles for constructive-expansion joints 5. A roll of netting 8 is laid on a layer of high-strength mortar or concrete 7, which, in the stretched form, is deepened and sprinkled on top with another small layer of mortar 7 so as not to fill up previously formed structural-expansion joints 5. On the netting 8 and mortar layer 7 the second layer of concrete slabs fits tightly. This design of the combined fastener 4 has increased flexibility due to the presence of structural-expansion joints 5 and the connection between the concrete blocks 6 on four sides of the mesh-net 8. Combined mount 4 works on bending loads so that tensile forces are perceived by the mesh-netting 8, and either the upper part of the concrete or the lower part works for compression, depending on the direction of action of the active load. Structurally, expansion joints 5 are filled with loose material 12 or introduced during operation of the combined fastener 4. At the bottom 2, the combined fastener 4 is not connected to the slopes 3 and the consoles go into the depth of the bottom of the slopes 3 and, under erosions and small precipitations of the combined fastener 4, the bottom of the slope is not washed 3. At high dynamic and static loads, the number of layers of concrete slabs in concrete block 6 and grids 8 can be more than two and one, respectively, and depends on the magnitude and direction of action of these loads. Concreted mesh 8 gives the structure more flexibility than conventional reinforcement, as unlike the latter, the mesh 8 has a spring-like shape and when stretching the structure in which it is located, tends to return it to its original position. When stretching the concrete block 6 of the combined fastening 4 with the mesh-chain 8, its tensile strength is greatly enhanced, since the mesh 8, when stretched in one direction, is compressed in the transverse and, accordingly, compresses the concrete in the transverse direction, and, as is known, the compressive strength of concrete is tens of times greater than tensile. The combined mount 4 in the channels, where bottom erosion 2 is acceptable, is equipped with a flexible ponder 16, which is washed and deepened down during operation, falling asleep from above, it gradually turns into an emphasis and further enhances the rigidity of the combined mount 4. To enhance the degree of adhesion of the mount 4 to the slope 3 concrete blocks 6 are laid in a checkerboard pattern, and the formed cell spaces are planted with moisture-loving vegetation with a developed root system 18, which anchors the combined fastening 4 to the slope 3, while reinforcing the strength properties of the ground base 3. On top of repose slope 8 mesh 3 is connected to pipe 19 which in turn via a cable 21 is secured via an anchor 21 to the river bed berm 9 or channel. The rigidity of the anchor 21 is strengthened by the emphasis 22, and the immutable design of the fastener as a whole is provided by a stretch 23, which works in compression and prevents the combined fastener 4 from sliding down.

 The proposed technical solution has several advantages over previously known. It can be used in places with highly eroded soil. Also a huge advantage of the claimed design is its flexibility, as the structure is in water and it is impossible to avoid possible deformations of the bottom and base, and this will entail deformation of the structure, which is not dangerous for this type of fastening. Destroyed concrete slabs are easy to install during operation.

 Reinforcement with mesh-netting is especially effective when there are loads that are vibrational-vibrational in nature and are constantly changing in modulus and direction.

 The proposed technical solution is cheaper due to the saving of concrete, as well as more durable due to the reliable protection of the mesh from abrasion during operation.

Claims (5)

 1. The combined fastening of slopes containing reinforced slabs, characterized in that the fastening consists of layered concrete blocks, broken in terms of structural and expansion joints into squares or rectangles, interconnected from all four sides by a mesh netting and formed by layered alternation of concrete slabs, glued with high-strength mortar or concrete, in which a mesh-net is laid in continuous or in strips at the joints of the blocks, the mesh on the slopes on top is brought to the berm and rigidly fixed, and at the bottom to the ends of the bottom anchorage go into the depth of the slopes, forming cantilevers, the number of layers of concrete slabs is more than two, and the number of layers of the netting is more than one and depends on the magnitude of the possible static and dynamic loads.  2. The combined fastening according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete slabs, depending on the relative relative position, have bulges and concavities in which a high-strength mortar or concrete is poured and a mesh netting is laid.  3. The combined fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that at the bottom of the fastening of the slopes on the bare bottom there is a flexible reinforcement attached to it by a mesh netting, consisting of blocks divided in terms of structural-expansion joints into squares or rectangles interconnected from all four sides with a mesh-net, and formed by layer-by-layer alternation of concrete slabs glued with high-strength mortar or concrete, into which a mesh-net is laid in continuous or in stripes at the joints of the blocks.  4. The combined mount according to claim 1, characterized in that the grid on the edge is fixed to the pipe and with the help of cables and braces anchored on the berm of the river channel or channel outside the zone of possible slope slip.  5. The combined mount according to claim 1, characterized in that the mount in plan is a checkerboard alternation of concrete blocks and cells with a mesh netting, pinched from four sides, into which water-loving plants with a developed root system are planted.

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