RU2200793C2 - Reinforced rubble concrete fixing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water-development works, bank fixing structures in washed-out beds of rivers, canals and other objects. SUBSTANCE: reinforced rubble concrete fixing is made up of reinforced rubble concrete blocks divided in plan by structural-functional joints into squares or rectangles intercoupled on all four sides with heavily deformed net and formed by layer-by-layer alternation of densely laid stones and high-strength mortar into which this net is laid. Dimensions of fractions of stones grow from lower layer to upper layer and dimensions of cells of net do not exceed dimensions of fractions of stones and these dimensions also grow from lower layer to upper layer. Number of layers of stones can be more than 2 and number of layers of net is more than one. Reinforced rubble concrete fixing can come in the form of invariable reinforced rubble concrete frame divided by length and possessing rectangular or square cells on which bottom antisuffosion arrangement in the form of filter on which cobble stones are laid is put. Rectangular or square cells of reinforced rubble concrete frame are joined in corners by means of braces and have triangular shape in plan along diagonal in plane of arrangement of net. EFFECT: reliable operation of fixing under action of vibration- oscillatory loads and loads with alternating directions. 3 cl, 9 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used as shore protection structures in eroded riverbeds, canals and other structures.

A device for attaching slopes of river channels or gabion channels [1], consisting of a metal mesh shell and a filler in the form of active metallurgical slag. The disadvantages of this technical solution are:
- the shape of the gabion frame is variable and can be deformed during operation and at the same time lead to the destruction of the mount as a whole;
- fastening over time can be destroyed as a result of mechanical suffusion, the removal of small particles of the base through the pores of the gabions, since anti-suffusion protection is not provided;
- the durability of the attachment structure, consisting of such gabions, is small due to the destruction of the attachment caused by corrosion and abrasion of the mesh directly in contact with sediment without a protective layer.

The closest technical solution is the fastening of the slope of the earthworks [2], containing a synthetic filter coating laid on the slopes, holding the elements and a layer of stone outline. The holding elements are made in the form of crossbars, racks with hinges, ropes, mesh and limiters. The stone sketch is made in the form of gravel. The lower ends of the uprights are pivotally attached to the crossbar, and their upper ends to the rope. A mesh is attached to the rope. One of the ends of the rope is attached to the crossbar, and its other free ends are stretched due to the application of the force of the rack and the crossbar and are connected by K-stops. Between the coating and the mesh, a layer of stone is laid. A layer of gravel protects the coating from dynamic wave action. In turn, it is reliably protected by a mesh held in place by ropes. The disadvantage of this technical solution is that:
- the design is a rather complicated technical solution, which makes it not reliable in operation and expensive in cost;
- fasteners are in direct contact with the fluid flow and entrained sediments and therefore can undergo rapid abrasion and destruction in a short time, it is especially dangerous to use such a fastener in mudflows;
- the efficiency of fastening is significantly reduced when there are large fluctuations in the water level, fluctuations in speed and flow rate in the river or canal.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of protecting the banks of riverbeds and canals from erosion and durability of the shore protection structure.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that on the prepared base of the bottom and slopes, the cross section of the river channel or channel, a layer of stones is laid tightly, the dimensions of which are approximately equal. A layer of high-strength mortar or concrete is laid on a tightly laid layer of stones of square or rectangular shape in plan for constructive and structural joints, which is aligned in height and densely fills the formed spaces between the stones. A chain-link mesh roll is laid on a layer of high-strength mortar, which in the extended form is deepened and sprinkled on top with another small layer of high-strength mortar or concrete in such a way as not to fill up previously formed structural-expansion joints The mesh size of the netting does not exceed the size of the stones of the underlying layer and this improves the adhesion of stones and mesh. A second layer of stones, the dimensions of which are larger than the dimensions of the underlying layer, are tightly laid on the netting and the layer of mortar or concrete. Stacking of stones at the same time is carried out in such a way that they deepen as much as possible down to enhance the efficiency of adhesion of the layers to each other.

 This design of reinforced concrete fastening has increased flexibility due to the presence of structural and expansion joints and the connection between reinforced concrete blocks on four sides with a mesh netting. Reinforced concrete fastening works on bending loads in such a way that tensile forces are perceived by the netting net, and either the upper part of the concrete or the lower part works for compression, depending on the direction of action of the active load. If the active load is directed down, then the stretched zone is the lower layer, if up - then the upper one. Structurally, expansion joints are filled with bulk material or introduced during the operation of reinforced concrete fastening. The inflection points of reinforced concrete reinforcement are filled with concrete. At high dynamic and static loads, the number of layers of stones and nets can be more than two and one, respectively, and depends on the magnitude and direction of action of these loads.

 Concrete mesh gives the structure more flexibility than conventional reinforcement, because unlike reinforcement, it has a spring-like shape and when stretching the structure in which it is located, tends to return it to its original position. Reinforcement with a mesh netting is especially effective when there is an action of a load that is of vibrational-vibrational nature and is constantly changing in modulus and direction. When tensile reinforced concrete block with a mesh netting, its tensile strength is greatly enhanced, since the mesh netting tensile in one direction is compressed in the transverse and, accordingly, compresses the concrete in the transverse direction, and it is known that the compressive load of concrete is tens of times greater than tensile.

 Reinforced concrete reinforcement can be made in plan in the form of an unchanged reinforced concrete reinforced concrete frame, broken along the length of structural-expansion joints and with cells of a rectangular or square shape. At the bottom of the cells, an anti-suffusion device is arranged in the form of a reverse filter, which prevents the removal of small particles of soil lying at the bottom of the channel or river bed, and as a result possible cross-sectional deformations. On the anti-suffusion device, large stones or cobbles having a large mass are tightly packed into the cells. To prevent possible deformations from the influence of the water flow, as well as to increase the stiffness of the cells and the reinforced concrete reinforcement construction as a whole, the corners of the cells are connected diagonally along the diagonal in the plane of the mesh netting and give them an unchanged triangular shape in plan.

 Figure 1 shows a cross section of a river channel or channel with reinforced concrete fastening of the bottom and banks with two layers of stones; figure 2 is a cross section of a river channel or channel with reinforced concrete fastening of the bottom and banks with three layers of stones; figure 3 - reinforced concrete fastening of the river or canal, top view; figure 4 - node a in figure 1; figure 5 - node In figure 2; figure 6 is a cross section of a river channel or channel with a frame shape for placement of concrete reinforcement; in Fig.7 is a top view of the river channel or channel with a frame form for placement of reinforced concrete fastening; in FIG. 8 is a section CC of FIG. 7 in an embodiment with two layers of stones; Fig.9 is a section CC of Fig.7 in the embodiment with three layers of stones.

 The cross section of the channel 1 consists of a bottom 2 and slopes 3, on which an reinforced concrete reinforcement is arranged, consisting of reinforced concrete blocks 4, which are divided in terms of structural-expansion joints 5 into squares or rectangles. The bending points of the fastening are filled with concrete 6. The reinforced concrete fastening consists of layers of stones 7, between which reinforcement is placed in the form of a netting chain 8 in the concrete layer 9. Structural-expansion joints 5 are filled with bulk material 10. In the case of the reinforced concrete reinforced concrete frame in cells 11, an anti-sufusion is provided device 12, on which the cobblestones 13 are tightly packed. Cells 11, having a rectangular or square shape in plan, are connected diagonally in the plane of the grid of the chain-link diagonally 14 and make the structure unaltered.

 Armored concrete mount is mounted and works as follows. On the prepared bottom 2 and slopes 3 of the cross section of the channel 1, a layer of stones 7 is closely packed, the dimensions of which are approximately equal. A layer of high-strength mortar 9 is laid on a tightly laid layer of stones with 7 squares or rectangles for constructive-structural joints 5, which is aligned in height. On the layer of high-strength mortar 9 a grid of chain-link 8 is laid, which in the expanded form is deepened and sprinkled on top with another small layer of high-strength mortar 9 so as not to fill up previously formed structural-expansion joints 5. The mesh size of the netting 8 does not exceed the size of stones 7 of the underlying layer and this improves the adhesion of stones 7 and the netting of the netting 8. The second layer of stones 7, the sizes of which are larger than the sizes of the underlying layer, are tightly placed on the netting of the netting 8 and the solution layer.

 This design of reinforced concrete reinforcement has increased flexibility due to the presence of structural and expansion joints 5 and the connection between reinforced concrete blocks on four sides with a mesh chain 8. Armored concrete fastener works on bending loads so that tensile forces are perceived by the mesh chain link 8, and compression works either the upper part of the concrete, or the lower part, depending on the direction of action of the active load.

 Structurally, expansion joints 5 are filled up with bulk material 10 or entered during the operation of reinforced concrete fastening. The bend points of reinforced concrete reinforcement are filled with concrete 6. At high dynamic and static loads, the number of layers of stones 7 and netting 8 can be more than two and one, respectively, and depends on the magnitude and direction of action of these loads. Concrete mesh net 8 gives the structure more flexibility than conventional reinforcement, since, unlike reinforcement, it has a spring-like shape and when stretched, the structure in which it is located tends to return it to its original position. When tensile reinforced concrete block 4 with a mesh netting 8, its tensile strength is greatly enhanced, since the mesh netting 8 is tensile compressed in the transverse direction and compresses the concrete in the transverse direction, and it is known that the compressive strength of concrete is tens of times more than tensile.

 Reinforced concrete reinforcement can be made in plan in the form of an unchanged reinforced concrete reinforced concrete frame, broken along the length of structural-expansion joints 5 and with cells 11 of rectangular or square shape. At the bottom of the cells, an anti-suffusion device 12 is arranged in the form of a reverse filter, which prevents the removal of small particles of soil lying on the bottom 2 of the channel or river bed and, as a result, possible deformations of the cross section of the channel 1. On the anti-suffusion device 12, cobbles 13 are tightly packed into the cells 11.

 To prevent possible deformations, as well as to increase the rigidity of the cells 11 and the structure of reinforced concrete reinforcement as a whole, the corners are connected diagonally 14 along the diagonal in the plane of the grid of the netting 8 and give the cells 11 an unchanged triangular shape in plan.

 The proposed technical solution has several advantages over other previously known. In the proposed technical solution, you can use local building material, which is the cheapest and most affordable. The flexibility of the structure is a huge advantage of this structure, since it is in water and it is impossible to avoid possible deformations of the bottom and base, and this will entail deformation of the structure, which is not dangerous for this type of fastening. Destroyed gabions are easy to install during operation.

 Reinforcement with a mesh netting is especially effective when there is an action of a load that is of vibrational-vibrational nature and is constantly changing in module and direction.

 The proposed technical solution is cheaper than the known ones due to the saving of concrete, as well as reliable protection against abrasion of the mesh during operation. Moreover, the durability of these structures is more than previously known similar technical solutions.

Sources of information
1. A.c. 1141143 USSR, MKI E 02 3/12. Gabion. Saratov I.E., Svirenko L.P. and Sherkov I.A. (USSR). Application 09/14/83; publ. 02/23/85. Bull. 7.

 2. A.S. 1461821 USSR, MKI E 02 D 17/20. Device for fastening the slope of an earth structure Shkundin B.M. and Novozhilov A.P. (USSR). Application 03/04/87; publ. 02/28/89. Bull. 8.

Claims (4)

 1. Reinforced concrete reinforcement containing mesh and stones, characterized in that the reinforcement consists of reinforced concrete inert blocks, broken in terms of structural-expansion joints into squares or rectangles, interconnected from all four sides by a strongly deformable mesh netting and formed by layer-by-layer alternation of densely laid stones and a high-strength solution in which the netting is laid, and the sizes of the stone fractions from the underlying layer to the overlying one are made increasing, and the mesh sizes rabitsy not exceed the size fractions of stones of the underlying layer, and the magnitude of them made up from the underlying layer to the overlying.  2. Armored concrete fastening according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of layers of stones is more than two, and the number of layers of mesh is more than one.  3. Reinforced concrete reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in plan in the form of an unchanged reinforced concrete reinforced concrete frame, broken along the length of structural-expansion joints and with rectangular or square cells, at the bottom of which there is an anti-suffusion device in the form of a filter, on which cobblestones are densely laid out.  4. Armored concrete fastening according to claim 3, characterized in that the rectangular or square cells of the reinforced concrete concrete frame diagonally in the plane of grid placement of the netting are connected in corners by extensions and have an unchanged triangular shape in plan.

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