RU2188547C2 - Composition for enhancement of sugar beet productivity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention describes a composition comprising emistim C and complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid in the following ratio of components, wt.-%: emistim C, 80-90; complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid, 5-9; water, up to 100. Method involves presowing treatment of seeds and spraying vegetating plants. EFFECT: enhanced productivity of sugar beet. 6 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, namely to a composition that can be used to increase the germination energy and field germination of sugar beet seeds, plant resistance to diseases and adverse climatic factors, stimulate the development of the root system and the photosynthetic apparatus, increase the yield and sugar content of root crops by presowing treatment of seeds and spraying of vegetative plants.

 A significant number of sugar beet growth regulators are known. These are synthetic preparations polystimulin A-6, ethamon, succinic acid, crezacin, phyton, furolan (Russia), resin, diprol DMSO (Ukraine), camposan and its modifications (Germany), ecostim (Moldova), lime (Latvia), drugs based on amino acids - aminol-forte, cadostim, fosnutren (Spain), a complex preparation of agrispon (USA), which is a composition of extracts of minerals and plants in a solution of mineralized water, a preparation of microbial origin fusicoccin (Russia) and others.

 A common disadvantage of synthetic drugs is the complexity of their synthesis and inaccessibility. Spanish preparations and American agrispon require several treatments and significant consumption rates (3 liters per 1 ha of crops). Fusicoccin, a low-cost drug, is produced in small volumes and laboratory conditions in Russia. The technology of its use, like many synthetic drugs, has not been sufficiently developed.

 Thus, in the CIS there is currently not enough effective domestic sugar beet growth regulators, an important technical agricultural crop.

Четыре препарата этого класса разрешены к применению, как регуляторы роста овощных культур и люцерны [Препараты для защиты растений. Список химических и биологических средств борьбы с вредителями, болезнями растений и сорняками, регуляторов роста растений и феромонов, разрешенных для применения в сельском, в том числе фермерском, лесном и коммунальном хозяйствах на 1992-1996 гг. Москва: Колос. 1994].The closest analogues to the structure of the complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid, which is part of the proposed composition, are plant growth regulators based on 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide (plant growth regulator ivine) of the formula (I)

Four drugs of this class are approved for use as growth regulators of vegetable crops and alfalfa [Preparations for plant protection. List of chemical and biological agents for controlling pests, plant diseases and weeds, plant growth regulators and pheromones approved for use in agriculture, including farming, forestry and communal services for 1992-1996. Moscow: Kolos. 1994].

 The disadvantages of these growth regulators based on 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide are the specificity of their effect on individual cultures (mainly vegetable). There are no reports on the growth-regulating activity of these drugs in relation to sugar beets in the literature.

 The closest analogue (prototype) in composition and action to the proposed composition is the plant growth stimulator emistim C that we created, which is registered in the State Chemical Commission of Ukraine (reg. 282 of 01/21/97), as a growth stimulator for cereals, vegetables, industrial and other crops, including including sugar beet.

 The disadvantage of emistim C is the varietal sensitivity to it of a number of varieties of sugar beets, including highly productive ones.

 The basis of the invention is the task to expand the range of environmentally friendly effective growth regulators of sugar beets to increase its productivity and product quality.

The task is achieved by a composition based on emistim C, which additionally contains a complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
The complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid - 5-9
Emistim C - 80-90
Water - up to 100
2,6-Dimethylpyridine N-oxide is synthesized by analogy with the method of [Ochiai E. Recent japanes work on the chemistry of Pyridine-1-Oxide and related compounds J. Org. Chem. - 1953. - Vol. 68. - P. 534-551] by the oxidation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine with hydrogen peroxide in the medium of acetic acid - acetic anhydride.

 A complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid is obtained by heating by mixing 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with an equimolecular amount of oxalic acid in ethyl alcohol.

Emistim C is a plant growth regulator of natural origin. The drug is obtained by culturing endophyte fungi of actinoric plants (sea buckthorn and ginseng) in a nutrient medium containing glucose and sulfate salts of potassium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, phosphonic acid potassium salts [Pat. Ukraine A 01 N 65/00, 17558 A. A method for producing a plant growth regulator / Ponomarenko S.P., Borovikova G.S., Bliznyuk S.T., Izzheurova V.V. - Publ. 10/31/97. Bull. 5 and A 01 N 65/00, 17482 A. A method of obtaining a plant growth regulator / Ponomarenko S.P., Borovikova G.S., Bliznyuk S.T., Izzheurova V.V. - Publ. 05/06/97]. Strains of fungi-producers [Pat. Of Ukraine C 12 N 1/20, C 05 F 11/08, 22643 A. The strain of the fungus Cylindrocarpon magnusianum for the preparation of a plant growth regulating agent / Ponomarenko S.P., Izheurova V.V., Gerasimenko S.M. - Publ. 03/17/98 and C 12 N 1/20, C 05 F 11/08, 22644 A. Strain of the fungus Mucelia sterilia to obtain a plant growth regulator / Ponomarenko S.P., Izzheurova V.V., Gerasimenko S.M., Zakharchenko I.A. - Publ. 03/17/98] deposited at the Institute of Microbiology and Virology. Zabolotnogo NAS of Ukraine under IMV F-100004 and IMV F-100005]. The drug was developed at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and is produced by the High Harvest Joint-Stock Company (Kiev) in the form of a 70% alcohol solution containing metabolic products of mushroom producers, which include 75 components, including phytohormones auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin nature, and abscisic acid, polysaccharides, amino acids, amino sugar, saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids from C ₁₄ to C ₂₄ , trace elements (Mn ²⁺ , K ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Cu ²⁺ , Fe ²⁺ ). Qualitative and quantitative composition of the drug was established in the National Analytical Center of Ukraine (Kiev) using high-performance liquid chromatography, chromatograph-mass spectrometers from Hewlett-Packard (Great Britain) and the International Databank for the identification of chemical compounds, as well as at the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by screening on specific biological test objects. The drug according to the parameters of acute toxicity (LD ₅₀ 20020 mg / kg for rats.), Established by the Ukrainian Institute of Ecological Hygiene and Toxicology. L.I. Bear of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine belongs to low-toxic substances - IV class according to GOST 12.1.007-76.

 The composition is prepared by mixing a complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid, emistim C and water in the above ratio.

 The proposed composition differs from the closest analogue in composition and action in that it further comprises a complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid. Although it was known that emistim C stimulates the growth and development of sugar beets, and 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide and its complexes with protonodonors exhibit growth-regulating activity in relation to vegetables and some forage crops, as a result of experiments it was found that, thanks to the synergistic effect, the proposed composition exceeded them in stimulating effect. Therefore, we believe that our proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 The essence of the invention is illustrated by examples. For convenience of presentation of the material, we will call the proposed composition a biostimulator, 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide - ivin, and its complex with oxalic acid - oxaline.

 Example 1. Synthesis of ivine.

 Ivin is synthesized by analogy with the methodology [Ochiai E. Recent japanes work on the chemistry of Pyridine-1-Oxide and related compounds J. Org. Chem. - 1953. - Vol. 68. - P. 534-551] by the oxidation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine with 30% perhydrol in the medium of acetic acid - acetic anhydride according to the scheme given at the end of the description.

Perhydrol is added at 30-40 ^{° C.} to a solution of 2,6-dimethylpyridine in the medium of acetic acid - acetic anhydride, the molar ratio of 2,6-dimethylpyridine: perhydrol: acetic anhydride: acetic acid is 1: 1.75: 3: 3. After stirring the reaction mixture at a temperature of 70-75 ^o C for 10-12 hours, an aqueous solution of acetic acid is distilled off under reduced pressure, and 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide is isolated and purified by the conventional precipitation method in organic synthesis by conversion to a complex with hydrogen chloride (Iv) followed by planting hydra sodium oxide. The product is purified by distillation in vacuo, yield 85%. 2,6-Dimethylpyridine N-oxide is a colorless liquid with a faint specific odor. The boiling point is 115-117 ^o C (12-14 mm Hg).

 Found,%: C 62.18; H 7.27; N, 11.26.

C ₇ H ₉ NO.

 Calculated,%: C 68.26; H 7.36; N, 11.37.

IR spectrum, cm ^-1 ν (NO) 1270.

 Ivin is registered in the State Chemical Commissions of Ukraine and Belarus.

 Example 2. Synthesis of a complex of N-oxide of 2,6-dimethylpyridine with oxalic acid.

An equimolecular amount of oxalic acid was added to a solution of 123.16 g (1 mol) of 2,6-dimethylpyridine (ivin) N-oxide in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol. The mixture is heated for 10 minutes at 55-60 ^° C. The product which has precipitated after cooling is filtered off, dried and purified by recrystallization from ethyl alcohol.

The complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid is a colorless crystalline product. Prisms from ethyl alcohol. Melting point 76-77 ^o C.

 Found,%: C 50.39; H 5.12; N, 6.49.

C ₄ H ₁₁ NO ₅ .

 Calculated,%: C 50.70; H 5.20; N, 6.57.

Example 3. Preparation of the proposed composition (biostimulant). The components of the composition are mixed at this ratio:
oxalin 5-9%; Emistim C - 80-90%; water - up to 100%
Biostimulant for toxicity parameters established by the Ukrainian Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology. L.I. Bear of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, refers to low-toxic substances - IV class of sanitary-hygienic classification according to GOST 12.1.007-76.

 Example 4. Seeds of sugar beet cultivar Belotserkovskaya single seed are treated semi-dry with a solution containing a biostimulant at a rate of 15 ml / t, dressing agent - sulfocarbation fungicide (CCM), 4 kg / t, and NaKMTs adhesive, 1%, water - 20 l / t. Treated seeds are planted in the soil in 50 pieces, a 4-fold repetition. After 5 days, the germination energy is determined, after 15 - the length and wet weight of the seedlings.

As can be seen from the table. 1, oxalin and emistim C increase the germination energy and germination of seeds, accelerate the growth of seedlings. But the best indicators are observed under the action of the compositions of these growth regulators, in which the content of oxalin is 5-9%, emistima C - 80-90%. A decrease in the mass fraction of oxalin (<5%) or its increase (> 9%), as well as a decrease in the content of emistim C, leads to a decrease in the growth-promoting activity of the compositions. An increase in the share of emistim C is impractical, since this requires an excessive consumption of the drug. Therefore, for further research, we used a drug with the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
Oksalin - 59
Emistim C - 80-90
Water - up to 100
Example 5. Laboratory experience. The conditions are the same as in example 4. In this and in the following examples (Table 2-6), a preparation of the composition was used, wt.%: Oxalin - 5.0, emistim C - 90.0, water - 5.0. The difference is that the dose of treater is reduced by 25%. The results are shown in table. 2.

 The data in the table indicate the stimulating effect of the biostimulator and the effectiveness of its combined use with fungicide.

 Example 6. The conditions of the experiment are the same as in example 4. The effect of presowing treatment of seeds with a biostimulator together with the fungicide sulfocarbation (CCM) on the defeat of seedlings of sugar beet root beetle and their growth was studied (Table 3).

 As can be seen from the table, a decrease in the content of CCM in the composition by 25% practically did not increase the degree of damage to plants. These data indicate the possibility of a significant reduction in the dose of fungicide during pre-sowing treatment of seeds through the use of a biostimulator, which is important from an economic and environmental point of view.

 Example 7. Tests of the biostimulator were carried out in 1995 at two regional state experimental agricultural stations of the NPO Elita. The test results are given in table. 4.

 Example 8. Tests of the biostimulator were conducted in 1993-1995. at the regional state experimental agricultural stations of NPO "Elita" on sugar beet crops. The preparations were introduced in the closing phase of the leaves in rows. The test results are shown in table 5.

 Example 9. Competitive tests of the biostimulator were carried out on the production of sugar beet crops on the instructions of the Ministry of Agriculture of Ukraine in 1996. The best domestic and foreign preparations were tested. The test results are presented in table 6.

 Thus, the task is completed. An ecologically safe effective composition has been created that increases the germination energy and germination of sugar beet seeds, plant resistance to pests and diseases, stimulates plant growth, increases the yield and sugar content of root crops, improves the technological properties of root crops during their processing.

Claims (1)

Composition for increasing the productivity of sugar beets, containing emistim C, characterized in that it further comprises a complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid in the following ratio of components, wt. %:
Emistim S - 80 - 90
The complex of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with oxalic acid - 5 - 9
Water - Up to 100

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