JP6662981B2 - Composition for supplying boron - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a composition for supplying a plant with boron, which is an essential element of the plant.

  Boron (element symbol: B) is one of the trace elements essential for plants and animals. In crops, when boron is deficient, cell elongation is inhibited, and symptoms such as atrophy of the tip and cracking of fruits appear. This is essential for boron to covalently bind the rhamnogalacturonan II molecule, a component of the cell wall, and a lack of boron prevents normal growth of the cell wall and causes such symptoms (Non-Patent Document 1). In particular, radish blackhead disease, turnip internal disorder, broccoli flower bud growth disorder, and the like are typical boron deficiencies (Non-Patent Document 2). These boron deficiencies are a major problem in agricultural production. Boron deficiency is caused by low levels of boron in the soil, excess nitrogen, potash, and lime in the soil, and drying of the soil.

In addition, the inhibition of cell wall binding by boron deficiency and the inhibition of pectin binding by calcium deficiency have similar symptoms, and cabbage and lettuce chip burn disease (edge rot disease) diagnosed as calcium deficiency, internal disorders of Chinese cabbage, Boron deficiency is one of the causes of tomato rot of tomatoes. Boron deficiency is likely due to sufficient calcium in the soil. In particular, if symptoms are not improved by foliar application of calcium, it is said to be due to boron deficiency.
Fertilizers containing boron have also been developed to improve boron deficiency, but boron is present in the free water in the soil as borate ions (anions), making it difficult for the soil to retain it, and its effect is limited. Met. In addition, a composition for foliar application containing boron has also been developed, but since boron is not easily translocated in the plant body, it occurs in crop bodies such as radish black root disease, turnip internal damage, cabbage and lettuce chip burn. The effect was limited for physiological disorders.
Many plants translocate carbohydrates obtained by photosynthesis in leaves in the form of sucrose, but among woody plants, plants such as nectarines, apples, and walnuts were known to translocate carbohydrates as sorbitol. . It has also been shown that these plants show almost no boron deficiency symptoms and that boron is translocated efficiently. Thus, when we produced tobacco in which sorbitol could be synthesized by genetic recombination, it was revealed that the translocation of boron to meristems was remarkably promoted (Non-Patent Document 3), and boron was a sugar alcohol such as sorbitol. It has also been found that translocation is promoted by binding to the plant body (Non-Patent Document 4), and various measures against boron deficiency are currently being proposed.

Boron is usually compounded as a trace element group in fertilizers, and is supplied to soil and vegetables by using fertilizers. Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-43800) discloses that a liquid fertilizer containing an amino acid contains one or more selected from nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, molybdenum, boron, and zinc. Is described. Patent Literature 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-153654) discloses that one or two or more kinds selected from magnesium oxide, silicic acid, manganese, boron, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and cobalt are used as fertilizers for preventing turf foliage. Is described. Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-229865) describes a liquid agricultural and horticultural composition containing a soil conditioner and a mineral such as boron.
The water solubility of boron varies greatly with soil pH. Boron is readily soluble in water in acidic soils. At this time, if there is too much rainfall or irrigation, it may be washed away from the soil and cause deficiency. Conversely, it becomes insoluble in alkaline soil, which also causes deficiency. In addition, it easily occurs even when the soil is too dry. For this reason, the composition of boron supply by fertilizer tends to be excessive.
However, when boron is supplied in excess, excess boron occurs. It is said that the presence of 1 ppm or more of boron in soil causes excess boron. Hyperboronism is a phenomenon in which the veins become yellow, and when the symptoms progress further, the leaves become yellowish brown and necrotic. In order not to cause such excess, it is necessary to efficiently absorb the required boron. However, boron contained in fertilizers is boric acid and borate, and as described above, if the amount is small, it flows out of the soil and easily causes deficiency, and if the amount is too large, it causes excessive disease Therefore, it was difficult to always maintain an appropriate concentration.
In general, the tolerance to boron deficiency varies among crops, but cruciferous vegetables including Chinese cabbage are known as crops that are susceptible to deficiency. In Chinese cabbage, there is a concern about deficiency at a level of 10 ppm or less in the crop body, and a detailed soil diagnosis is required. Boron deficiency causes a variety of symptoms, including death of the growing point, yellowing of new leaves, necrosis, and corkation of tissues.

JP 2013-43800 A JP 2007-153654 A JP 2005-229865 A

O'Neill et al. 2001.Requirement of borate cross-linking of cell wall rhamnogalacturonan II for Arabidopsis growth.Science 294: 846-849. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Supervision of Agriculture and Agriculture Department, Agricultural Products Division, Crop Nutrition Diagnosis Cart I. National Rural Education Association. Bellaloui N et al. 1999.Manipulation of in vivo sorbitol production alters boron uptake and transport in tobacco.Plant Physiol. 119: 735-742. Hu et al. 1997.Isolation and characterization of soluble boron complexes in higher plants.Plant Physiol. 113: 649-655.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition useful for supplying boron to plants, especially vegetables.

  The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, by using sugar alcohol and boric acid or borate in combination, it is possible to efficiently supply boron to plants, and to develop boron deficiency. Can be improved or prevented, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention has the following configurations.
1. A composition for boron deficiency of growing plants containing sorbitol and boric acid or borate , wherein 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of sorbitol and 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of boric acid or borate per 100 parts by weight of the composition. A composition for boron deficiency containing 005 to 0.25 parts by weight (excluding those containing an aqueous extract of brown algae, red algae, and green algae) .
2. 2. The composition according to 1, further comprising a calcium salt and / or a magnesium salt.
3. 3. The composition according to 2 , further comprising a manganese salt.
4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , which is for foliar application.
5. The composition according to any one of 1 to 4 , which is a liquid preparation.
6. The composition according to any one of 1 to 5, which is an agent for improving or preventing boron deficiency in vegetables.
7. A composition containing sorbitol and boric acid or borate, and containing 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of sorbitol and 0.005 to 0.25 parts by weight of boric acid or borate per 100 parts by weight of the composition ( A method for improving or preventing boron deficiency in plants, which comprises spraying brown algae, red algae, and green algae (excluding those containing an aqueous extract) directly on the plants.

  According to the present invention, a composition for supplying boron to a plant is provided. Since the composition of the present invention has a high boron absorption efficiency to plants, it can supply the amount of boron required by the plant with a minimum dose, and can quickly improve or prevent boron deficiency in the plant. In addition, since the dosage is required to be minimum, hyperboronism does not occur.

It is the image which confirmed the improvement effect of the boron deficiency which generate | occur | produced in cabbage in the field. The left two columns are cut images of cabbage to which the composition of the present invention has been administered, and the right two columns are cut images of non-administered cabbage. In the right side vs. non-administered cabbage, a remarkable chip burn symptom appears at the position indicated by →.

  The present invention relates to a composition for supplying boron to a plant, comprising a sugar alcohol and boric acid or borate, for preventing or improving boron deficiency in the plant.

Examples of sugar alcohols that can be used in the present invention include erythritol, inositol, maltitol, lactitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol. Preferred are sorbitol, inositol, mannitol and xylitol, more preferred are hexitols such as sorbitol and mannitol, and particularly preferred are sorbitol. It is presumed that sorbitol binds to boron during the movement of boron in plant tissues and acts as a carrier.
The boron source in the composition of the present invention is preferably a water-soluble boron compound, and more specifically, for example, boric acid or a salt thereof (eg, sodium borate and the like). The content of boron is preferably about 0.001 to 0.2% by mass, more preferably about 0.005 to 0.05% by mass, and about 0.01 to 0.02% by mass based on the whole composition. More preferably, it is mass%. If it is 0.02% by mass or more, there is a risk of excess boron, which is not preferable.
The sugar alcohol used in combination with boron is 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight of boric acid or a borate in a mass ratio to boron.
The composition of the present invention is preferably an aqueous solution. Boric acid or borate is blended in the aqueous solution so as to have a concentration of about 0.005 to 0.25% by mass. Furthermore, 0.01 to 5% by weight of sugar alcohol is blended, and finally, the sugar alcohol and boric acid or boric acid or boric acid or boric acid are added so that boric acid or borate is contained in a weight ratio of 1/2 to 20/1. Adjust the borate ratio and the amount of water added.

  The composition of the present invention can be directly sprayed on the foliage of the plant in which the boron deficiency has occurred or directly on the soil. Formulations may be made using carriers used in ordinary fertilizers and agricultural chemicals, such as wettable powders, emulsions, granules, powders, and surfactants. For example, solid carriers include mineral powders (kaolin, bentonite, clay, montmorillonite, talc, diatomaceous earth, mica, vermiculite, gypsum, calcium carbonate, phosphorus lime, etc.), and vegetable powders (soy flour, flour, wood flour, tobacco) Powders, starch, crystalline cellulose, and the like, polymer compounds (petroleum resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl chloride, ketone resin, and the like), and alumina, waxes, and the like can be used. As the liquid carrier, for example, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, benzyl alcohol, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, benzene, xylene, etc.), chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform, Carbon tetrachloride, monochlorobenzene, etc.), ethers (dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, etc.), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexane, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc.), acid amides (N, N-dimethylacetamide) ), Ether alcohols (such as ethylene glycol ethyl ether), or water.

  As the surfactant used for the purpose of emulsification, dispersion, diffusion and the like, any of nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants can be used. Examples of surfactants that can be used in the present invention include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and oxyethylene polymer. , Oxypropylene polymer, polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphate, fatty acid salt, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl aryl sulfonate, alkyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate, Quaternary ammonium salts, oxyalkylamines, lecithin, saponins and the like. If necessary, gelatin, casein, sodium alginate, starch, agar, polyvinyl alcohol and the like can be used as auxiliary agents.

  The composition of the present invention is not limited in the form of the preparation, and can be formed into any preparation form such as powders, granules, granules, wettable powders, flowables, emulsions and pastes. It can be produced by mixing, stirring, spray-drying, etc. the other components according to a conventional method.

Plants to which the composition of the present invention is applied are not particularly limited, but vegetables that have been confirmed to cause boron deficiency, for example, tomatoes, peppers, peppers, eggplants such as eggplants, cucumbers, and pumpkins Cucumber, melon, watermelon, etc., raw and spicy vegetables such as celery, parsley, lettuce, soybeans, peanuts, beans, peas, adzuki beans and other beans, strawberry and other fruits and vegetables, radish, turnip, carrots, burdock, etc. Roots, sweet potatoes such as taro, cassava, potato, sweet potato, potato, soft vegetables such as asparagus, spinach, honey blossoms, flowers such as eustoma, stocks, carnations, chrysanthemums, and grains such as rice and corn Turf, bentgrass, blackgrass, etc., oilseed crops such as rapeseed, sunflower, sugarcane, marten Sugar crops such as i, fiber crops such as cotton and rush, feed crops such as clover, sorghum, dent corn, deciduous fruit trees such as apple, pear, grape, and peach, unshiu mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, etc. Citrus.
Symptoms in which boron deficiency has been observed include blackhead disease (radish), internal disorders (turnips, Chinese cabbage), flower bud growth disorders (broccoli), chipburn disease (cabbage, lettuce), hip rot (tomatoes), heart Acne disease (radish, turnip, celery), red heart disease (radish, turnip), radish (radish), root rot disease (radish), top mosaicosis (tomato), cracking disease (tomato), and yaki disease (tomato) , Grape), Anri disease (grape), stalk dehiscence (grape), fruit drop (orange, apple), shrinkage (apple), resinosis (apple, grape, peach), branch blight (apple) , Grape), petal color loss (tulip) and the like. When such a symptom or sign is found, the composition can be ameliorated by spraying the composition of the present invention onto the foliage or soil, or the spread of the symptom can be prevented.

  Further, for the purpose of improving the effects of the present invention, other minerals can be blended. In particular, calcium deficiency is accompanied by tingling (cabbage, radish) and red heart disease (radish, turnip) similar to boron deficiency. In addition, it is accompanied by the aforementioned chip burn disease. Therefore, when spraying on the foliage, the addition of a calcium salt or a magnesium salt is advantageous in agricultural work because it is possible to cope with symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from boron deficiency. Generally, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and the like are suitable for blending.

  Further, the composition of the present invention can be mixed with or used in combination with various insecticides, fungicides, microbial pesticides, fertilizers, and the like.

  Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Production Examples and Test Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Production example (production example of boron supply composition)
3,600 g of boric acid, 3,625 g of sorbitol, 2,500 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and 275 g of manganese sulfate (total 10 kg) were sufficiently stirred with a stirrer to produce a composition for supplying boron. This composition for supplying boron can be diluted 100 to 20,000 times with water and used as a foliar spray.
With this composition, it is possible to supply not only boron, but also magnesium, which suppresses photosynthesis when deficiency occurs, and manganese, which may be difficult to be absorbed in the field due to the action of manganese oxidizing bacteria in the soil.

Test example 1
(Effect test of sugar alcohol on the amount of boron absorbed by radish)
A 1 / 5000a Wagner pot is filled with "Sukusuku Club 30" (made by Snow Brand Seed Co., Ltd.) as soil, and seeded with Japanese radish variety "Hanekko" (made by Snow Brand Seed Co., Ltd.). Cultivated in a greenhouse.
Twenty days after the seeding, a spreading agent containing a polyoxyethylenehexytan fatty acid ester (Approach BI, manufactured by Kao Corporation) was further added to the solution adjusted to boric acid concentration and sorbitol concentration shown in Table 1 once a week at a rate of once a week. The leaf was sprayed with a sprayer to an amount of 0.1% added so that the leaf was sufficiently wetted.
Foliar spraying was performed three times a day.
On the 52nd day after sowing, sampling was performed, and after measuring the fresh weight of the edible portion (root and hypocotyl enlarged portion) and the leaf portion, the sample was dried at 70 ° C. for 3 days. After drying, the dry weight was measured immediately, and the dry matter ratio was calculated.
The dried product was pulverized with an ultracentrifugal pulverizer MRK-RETSCH (Mitamura Riken Kogyo KK), weighed 0.5 g, added 5 mL of nitric acid for precision analysis (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and sealed with Teflon (registered trademark). Decomposed in a pressure decomposition container. The volume of the decomposed solution was made constant, and the content of the solution was measured by an ICP emission spectrometer SPS4000 (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.).
The obtained quantitative value was back calculated from the dry matter ratio to calculate the boron content per fresh weight of the plant at the time of collection.
Table 1 shows the results.

  As shown in Table 1, the boron content of both leaves and edible portions was increased by spraying boric acid on the foliar surface of the test solution. In particular, it was found that the addition of sorbitol increased the amount of boron absorbed, and the effect was extended to the root and hypocotyl. That is, it was confirmed that the combined use of boric acid and sorbitol can efficiently supply boron to each tissue of a plant.

Test example 2
(Suppression test of black radish symptoms of radish in boron deficient cultivation in the field)
A cultivation test of radish was conducted in advance under cultivation conditions in which the occurrence of boron deficiency was predicted.
In the test field of Hokkaido Research Farm, Naganuma-cho, Snow of Naganuma, Hokkaido, Japanese radish cultivar "Hanekko" (manufactured by Snow Brand Seedling Co., Ltd.) was developed in order to easily cause boron deficiency. 27 cm). The basal fertilizer was 50 kg / ha of nitrogen, 113 kg / ha of phosphoric acid, and 38 kg / ha of potassium.
Seeding of radish was performed on June 12, and three times after germination on July 5, July 12, and July 20, the solution prepared to boric acid and sorbitol concentrations shown in Table 2 was further added to the solution. 0.1% of an oxyethylene hexitane fatty acid ester-containing spreading agent (Approach BI, manufactured by Kao Corporation) was added to the leaves in an amount of 100 mL / m ² using a backpack power sprayer SHR061 (manufactured by Kyoritsu). .
Next, on August 4, 9 to 10 radish samples, excluding the missing strain, were sampled. Cut the radish edible part, and a part of the cut surface changed to candy color as `` mild black core symptom '', those that changed from brown to black as `` clear black core symptom '', as a whole The ratio was evaluated.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2 below.

  As shown in Table 2, the occurrence of black radish symptoms caused by boron deficiency can be significantly improved by foliar spraying with 0.005% boric acid and 0.01% or more sorbitol. Became clear.

Test example 3
(Test to suppress the occurrence of chip burn symptoms of cabbage in the field)
Cabbage was cultivated and tested in a test field at Chiba Research Farm, Naganohara-cho, Naganumahara-cho, Chiba Prefecture where boron was supplied. On February 5, seeds were seeded in a cell tray previously filled with “Tone root containing soil” (manufactured by Ogaki Engeisha), and seedlings were raised in a greenhouse. After growth, the basal fertilizer was transplanted to a field to which 96 kg / ha of nitrogen, 128 kg / ha of phosphoric acid, 96 kg / ha of potassium, and 1.6 kg / ha of boron were applied.
On June 7, the middle stage of head formation and on June 18, 12 days later, the boron supply composition produced in Production Example 1 was diluted 300-fold with water (boron 0.066%, sorbitol 0.121%. ) Was added with 0.1% of a polyoxyethylene hexitane fatty acid ester-containing spreading agent Approach BI (manufactured by Kao Corporation), and 100 mL / m ² leaves were sprayed. The control group received only water.
Harvest took place on July 2 and 10 cabbages were harvested. Cut the harvested cabbage so that it is divided into two parts from the center. Observe the cut surface. If the cut surface or discolored leaf is one or two layers, "Gentle outbreak". It was evaluated as a "clear occurrence" by the ratio of the developing individuals to the whole. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3 below.

As shown in Table 3, a clear chip burn symptom occurred in both the spraying group and the control group even though boron was previously applied as a base fertilizer. However, the foliar application of the composition for supplying boron according to the production example of the present invention suppressed the occurrence of clear chip burn symptoms.
It has been clarified that the composition of the present invention can suppress the cabbage chip burn symptom.

Test example 4
(Improvement test of black flower symptoms of broccoli in the field)
Broccoli variety “Pixel” (manufactured by Sakata Seed) was seeded on a 128-well cell tray filled with culture soil “Baribari Neburi” (manufactured by Hokkaido Agricultural Products Co., Ltd.).
Seeding was performed on May 15, seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse, and transplanted on June 12 in a field in Ebetsu City, Hokkaido with a ridge of 66 cm and a line of 45 cm.
The basal fertilizer in the field was nitrogen 140 kg / ha, phosphoric acid 187 kg / ha, potassium 140 kg / ha, and boron 2.3 kg / ha.
On July 15 and July 22, which are the bud periods, the composition for supplying boron blended in the Production Example was diluted 500-fold (to become 0.04% boron and 0.07% sorbitol). In the same manner as in the test example, 0.1% of a polyoxyethylene hexitane fatty acid ester-containing spreading agent approach BI (manufactured by Kao Corporation) was added, and 100 mL / m ² leaves were sprayed. In the control, only water was sprayed. The harvest took place on July 30 and 36 broccoli were harvested. Evaluation was made based on the ratio of the whole developing individuals in which browned buds were observed in the harvested broccoli.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 4 below.

As shown in Table 4, in the control plot, a clear black flower symptom occurred in the spray plot in spite of the fact that boron was previously applied as a basal fertilizer. On the other hand, the spraying of the composition for supplying boron according to Production Example 1 of the present invention on the foliage clearly suppressed the individual rate of occurrence of clear black flower symptoms.
It has been clarified that the composition of the present invention can suppress the black flower symptoms of broccoli.

Claims (7)

A composition for boron deficiency of growing plants containing sorbitol and boric acid or borate , wherein 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of sorbitol and 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of boric acid or borate per 100 parts by weight of the composition. A composition for boron deficiency containing 005 to 0.25 parts by weight (excluding those containing an aqueous extract of brown algae, red algae, and green algae) . The composition according to claim 1, further comprising a calcium salt and / or a magnesium salt. 3. The composition according to claim 2 , further comprising a manganese salt. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , which is used for foliar application. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , which is a liquid preparation.   The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is an agent for improving or preventing boron deficiency in vegetables. A composition containing sorbitol and boric acid or borate, and containing 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of sorbitol and 0.005 to 0.25 parts by weight of boric acid or borate per 100 parts by weight of the composition ( A method for improving or preventing boron deficiency in plants, which comprises spraying brown algae, red algae, and green algae (excluding those containing an aqueous extract) directly on the plants.