RU2237995C2 - Composition with growth-regulating activity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: organic chemistry, agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention describes a composition comprising the following components, wt.-%: 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide, 2-4, and emistim C, 96-98. Composition provides enhancing germination energy and field germinating capacity of seeds, enhancing yield of such agricultural crops as winter wheat, barley, buckwheat, soybean, pea and sunflower.

EFFECT: improved and valuable agricultural properties of composition.

13 tbl, 13 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, a composition is proposed that can be used to increase the energy of germination and field germination of seeds, increase yields, improve product quality of a number of crops (winter wheat, spring barley, buckwheat, soy, peas, sunflower, mustard, perennial legumes herbs) by presowing seed treatment and spraying vegetative plants.

At present, growth regulators of winter wheat and barley of humic nature (sodium humate, humoxin W, oxyhumate), chlorocholinchloride, retardants - TUR, 2-HEVK (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) and preparations based on it (camposan and its modifications) have found practical application. .

Their common disadvantage is the high consumption rate, for example 6 l / t, 3-6 l / ha of the TUR preparation, 4.1 kg / t - chlorocholinchloride.

Known drugs with a close spectrum of action containing a quaternized nitrogen atom - retam, quartazine, Don, as well as a number of hard-to-reach synthetic, natural and microbiological plant growth regulators - oxycarbam, proline, ellipse, nikfan, agate-25, immunocytophyte, etc.

The industrial production of these drugs has not been established, most of them in limited volumes are produced in scientific laboratories. For the remaining crops indicated in the application, a significantly smaller number of preparations is known. Some of them have already been listed, some relate to difficult-to-reach complex chemical compounds. Only gibbersib (a mixture of gibberellic acids), a regulator of alfalfa and pea growth, found wide practical application. However, it is also produced in small volumes as a result of complex biotechnological and chemical transformations.

Summarizing the above, we can conclude that at present in the CIS there are no effective accessible plant growth regulators for cereals, legumes and some industrial and forage crops.

The closest analogues in structure to one of the ingredients of the proposed composition are plant growth regulators based on complexes of 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with proton donors

2,6-Dimethylpyridine N-oxide (ivin preparation) is a growth regulator for vegetable crops (cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, etc.) [List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in Ukraine. Kiev: Univest Marketing, 2000]. Preparations based on it (poteytin, kapanin, lucis, ivin-P) are complexes of ivin with organic and inorganic acids. In previous years, they were approved for use in the Russian Federation as growth regulators of potatoes, sweet peppers, alfalfa and cucumbers. Several copyright certificates are known for other complexes of ivina, which have the properties of growth regulators of vegetable and fruit crops [A.S. USSR No. 1610826, 1610828, 1610825].

The disadvantages of these drugs are the specificity of the action (mainly affect vegetables), varietal sensitivity, low and unstable efficiency on crops. So, for example, in a review article [Kuhar V.P., Karabanov Yu.V. et al. A new plant growth regulator - ivin // Fiziol. Act. things. - 1986.- T.18. - P.3-17] it is noted that two-year trials of winter wheat willow in Ukr. The Research Institute of Plant Growing, Breeding and Genetics of the UAAS (Kharkov) showed an unreliable increase in the yield of winter wheat of about 1.4 c / ha (2.8%).

The closest analogue (prototype) in composition and action of the proposed composition is a preparation based on metabolic products of mycorrhizal epiphytic fungi - plant growth regulator emistim C, stimulating the growth and development of 20 crops of grain, vegetables, industrial, berry and others.

The disadvantage of emistim C is also the varietal sensitivity of highly productive wheat varieties to it, unstable efficiency on barley and a number of other crops, and high sensitivity to climatic conditions.

The basis of the invention is the task of expanding the range of effective environmentally friendly plant growth regulators that are able to provide a greater degree of yield increase and improving the quality of production of cereals, legumes, oilseeds, cruciferous and forage crops.

The problem is achieved by creating a composition containing emistim C and N-oxide of 2,6-dimethylpyridine in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:

2,6-Dimethylpyridine N-Oxide 2-4

Emistim C 98-96 (up to 100%)

2,6-Dimethylpyridine N-oxide is synthesized by oxidation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine with hydrogen peroxide in the medium of acetic acid - acetic anhydride (see below).

Emistim C is a plant growth regulator of natural origin. It is obtained using biotechnological methods [US Pat. Ukraine No. 17558 A and 17432 A], namely by cultivating the epiphytic fungi of actinoric plants in a nutrient medium containing glucose and trace elements (potassium, manganese, iron, magnesium salts). The drug is a balanced complex of phytohormones of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin nature, amino acids, oligosaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids dissolved in 70% ethanol.

The composition is prepared by mixing 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with emistim C in the above ratio.

The proposed composition differs from the prototype (emistima C) in that it further comprises a growth regulator N-oxide of 2,6-dimethylpyridine. The composition exceeded each of the ingredients in stimulating action due to the synergistic effect. Therefore, we believe that our proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The composition is phased prepared as follows.

1. Synthesis of ivine. Ivin is synthesized by analogy with the method [Ochiai E. // J. Org. Chem. - 1953. - Vol. 68. - R.534-551] by the oxidation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine with 30% perhydrol in the medium of acetic acid - acetic anhydride according to the scheme

Perhydrol is added at 30-40 ° to a solution of 2,6-dimethylpyridine in the indicated medium to a molar ratio of 2,6-dimethylpyridine: perhydrol: acetic anhydride: acetic acid 1: 1.75: 3: 3. After stirring the reaction mass and keeping it at a temperature of 70-75 ° for 10-12 hours, an aqueous azeotrope of acetic acid is distilled off from it under reduced pressure. 2,6-Dimethylpyridine N-oxide is isolated from the remaining reaction mass and purified using the reprecipitation method customary in organic synthesis: transferred to a complex with hydrogen chloride (IV), recrystallized, decomposed the complex with sodium hydroxide, filtered off sodium chloride, distilled off the solvent, and fractionated product in a vacuum. Yield 85%. 2,6-Dimethylpyridine N-oxide is a colorless liquid with a subtle specific smell. Boiling point 115-117 ° С (12-14 mm Hg). Typical results of elemental analysis:

Found,%: C 62.18; H 7.27; N, 11.26. C ₇ H ₉ NO.

Calculated,%: C 62.26; H 7.36; N, 11.37. IR spectrum, cm ^-1 ν (NO) 1270.

2. Mix ivin and emistim C in the above ratio. The resulting composition is a clear, colorless solution with a faint specific odor, d $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{4}}{\text{20}}$ 0.922, n _D 1.3618.

The essence of the invention is confirmed by the following examples. For convenience of presentation of the material, we will call the proposed composition a biostimulant, and N-oxide of 2,6-dimethylpyridine - ivin.

Example 1. Equally sized 3-day-old seedlings of wheat of the cultivar Spartanka were planted through the openings of vinyl plastic covers in vessels with Knopp nutrient medium, to which microelements according to Hoagland and test growth regulators — ivin and emistim C in optimal concentration — 0.001% (wt.) Were added. . After 6-7 days, biometric measurements were performed. Control is a culture medium without drugs. The average results are shown in table 1. From it it is clear that ivin and emistim C stimulate the growth of both the aboveground and underground parts of seedlings, the best results due to synergism are observed with the combined effect of the drugs on the seedlings. The most effective compositions are those in which ivine is 2-4% (options 5-7). Therefore, for further studies, we used drugs with a mass ratio of ivin: emistim C 3:97.

Example 2. Pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulators was carried out semi-dry using 1% NaKMTs as an adhesive. Plant growth regulators are used in doses recommended for agriculture. The drugs are dissolved in water and sprayed on seeds using special nozzles (the concentration of aqueous solutions of the biostimulant and emistim C is 0.001%). Dried seeds are planted in the soil for 25-50 pieces in 4-fold repetition. The activity of the compounds was determined according to the indicators given in table 2. It can be seen from it that the biostimulant exhibits stimulating activity in relation to all varieties of wheat and exceeds in all indicators emistim C and the reference preparation sodium humate. The activity of ivin in these and subsequent experiments was low.

Example 3. Laboratory experience, the conditions are the same as in example 2. The drug quartazine at a dose of 25 g / t was used as a reference, and plant growth regulator ivin was used for comparison (concentration of the working solution was 0.001%). The results of the experiment are shown in table 3. As you can see, the most active in it showed a biostimulant.

Example 4. Tests of the biostimulator were conducted in 1998 at four regional state experimental agricultural stations of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences (UAAS). The drug was used in pre-sowing treatment (inlay) of winter wheat seeds and in some experiments, when spraying crops in the exit phase into the tube. Sodium humate was used as a reference, and Emistim C and Triman, a synthetic plant growth regulator approved for use in Ukraine on cereals, were used for comparison [List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in Ukraine. - Kiev: Univest Marketing, 2003. P.175]. Doses of the use of drugs in pre-sowing seed treatment: biostimulant and emistim C - 10 ml / t, sodium humate - 750 g / t; triman - 20 g / t; when spraying crops: biostimulant and emistim C - 5 ml / ha, sodium humate - 80 g / ha, triman - 20 g / ha. The verification results are shown in table 4. It can be seen from it that the biostimulator again showed the greatest activity in the experiments.

Example 5. Tests of the biostimulator were carried out at 3 regional state experimental agricultural stations. Growth regulators were used both for pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds and for spraying crops in the exit phase into the tube. The test results are shown in table 5. The most active was a biostimulant.

Example 6. Laboratory experience, the conditions are the same as in example 1. We studied the effect of the biostimulator on the growth of buckwheat seedlings (cultivar Klimovka). Doses of the use of drugs are the same as in previous experiments. The test results are shown in table 6. The biostimulator showed the greatest activity.

Example 7. The tests were carried out at 3 regional state experimental agricultural stations. The biostimulant was used both in pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds (dose of drugs, as in previous experiments), and in some cases when spraying crops in the budding phase (dose of drugs - 10 m / ha). The test results are shown in table 7. The most active was a biostimulant.

Example 8. The tests were carried out in 1996 in 4 specialized scientific institutions. The biostimulator was used both for pre-sowing seed treatment and for spraying sunflower crops. The test results are shown in table 8. The most active, as in previous cases, was a biostimulant.

Example 9. Tests were conducted at three regional state experimental agricultural stations. The biostimulator was used both for pre-sowing seed treatment and for spraying pea crops. The test results are shown in table 9. The most active was a biostimulant.

Example 10. Tests were conducted in 1998 at the Chernihiv state experimental agricultural station of UAAS. The biostimulator was used for pre-sowing seed treatment and spraying flax seed crops. The test results are shown in table 10. The biostimulant was most active.

Example 11. The tests were carried out at the Volyn and Ternopol state experimental agricultural stations of the UAAS. Growth regulators were used in the processing of clover crops. The results are shown in table 11. The greatest activity was shown by a biostimulant.

Example 12. Tests were conducted at the Poltava State Experimental Agricultural Station of UAAS. Growth regulators were used to spray Poltavchanka alfalfa seed plants. For comparison, growth regulators gibbersib and emistim C were used. The test results are shown in table 12. The biostimulant was most active.

Example 13. The laboratory experience. Mustard seeds were treated with growth regulators by the method of semi-dry etching and planted in the soil. Repeat 4-fold. The effect of drugs on the growth of mustard seedlings is presented in Table 13. The biostimulant was most active.

Thus, the task is completed. An environmentally friendly highly effective composition has been created that increases the germination energy and field germination of seeds, stimulates the growth and development of plants at all stages of organogenesis, increases yield and improves the quality of the crop of winter wheat, spring barley, buckwheat, sunflower, soybean, pea, flax, alfalfa, clover, mustard.

Claims (1)

Composition with growth-regulating activity based on the plant growth regulator emistim C, characterized in that it further comprises 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%: 2,6-Dimethylpyridine N-Oxide 2-4 Emistim C 98-96