RU218225U1 - Volumetric reinforced concrete block for housing construction with flexible housing - Google Patents

Abstract

Volumetric reinforced concrete block for the construction of low-rise and multi-storey residential buildings, public buildings and structures, as well as other buildings for any other purpose, consists of a prefabricated monolithic floor and at least one wall, which are connected into a single volumetric block with a floor in the area of its location monolithic sections in the form of longitudinal and transverse beams, in which at least one prestressed hollow core slab is used as a prefabricated floor product, which is enclosed in a reinforced concrete cage of monolithic longitudinal and transverse beams and they are connected into a single floor due to longitudinal and transverse concrete dowels in the prefabricated product, the number and location of walls in the volumetric block vary depending on what configuration and size it is necessary to assemble an apartment using this block, the volumetric reinforced concrete block is designed to provide a contact joint between the walls, with the walls above and the underlying blocks, due to the removal of prefabricated hollow core floor slabs beyond the support zones of the prefabricated monolithic floor. 5 z.p. f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular to the construction of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks, which are used for the construction of low-rise and multi-storey residential buildings, public buildings and structures, as well as other buildings for any other purpose.

From the prior art, a prefabricated monolithic frame of the Sochi system is known. This system includes columns and a floor slab. The ceiling is a flat prefabricated monolithic slab supported on columns placed in plan with a step of up to 7.2 m inclusive in both directions. The floor slab includes prefabricated multi-hollow slabs with voids open at both ends, in which plugs are installed to a depth of at least 50 mm. Monolithic reinforced concrete crossbars are arranged between the ends of the multi-hollow slabs in the alignments of the columns. In the transverse direction to these crossbars in the sections of the columns, monolithic reinforced concrete crossbars are also made with a width equal to the width of the side section of the column, and monolithic reinforced concrete beams with a width of at least 100 mm are placed between the slabs. Thus, prefabricated hollow-core slabs are concreted into a monolithic floor disk and bordered on all sides by monolithic reinforced concrete beams and crossbars. Due to this, the overlap has increased rigidity, it is also smooth, without protruding parts, because. prefabricated multi-hollow slabs, crossbars and beams are located in the same plane.

The main disadvantage is the increased consumption of metal, due to the fact that the supporting crossbar has a small height, limited by the height of the hollow core slabs, respectively, and a small height of the compressed zone in the cross section of the crossbar, where the concrete works in compression, hence the limitation in the span of the floor to 7.2 meters, in the presence of today hollow core slabs up to 12 meters long, and also the fact that the frame structural scheme of buildings with a crossbar of a given height, equal to the height of the floor slab, is much more metal-intensive than, for example, a wall structural scheme.

(https://bstudy.net/894983/tehnika/sistemy_sochi_arkos_osnova_razvitiya_sborno_monolitnogo_stroitelstva_rossii_drugih_stranah;

https://topuch.ru/e-p-gurov-strojprofile-2010-5-83-s-1 0-15/index6.html).

A solution is known when reinforced concrete floor slabs are separately mounted between volumetric blocks, which allows creating premises of a large area and spans in these places (http://www.gr-stroyka.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=44:2010 -04-29-14-04-50&catid=2:2010-02-18-21-44-28&Itemid=3; Fig. 13.4 "b").

This solution has two drawbacks:

firstly, hollow core slabs in the platform joint can carry no more loads than the calculation of the strength of the inclined sections for the action of the shear force allows, and this, as a rule, limits the height, no more than 8-10 floors, in a building made of prefabricated elements , for buildings with a higher number of storeys, it is necessary to change the platform joint to a more complex contact one;

secondly, the standard platform joint of the prefabricated floor slab with the wall panel, in the presence of a hinge and the absence of pinching, for example, in the form of monolithic inserts, leads to an increase in the bending moment in the span, respectively, to a decrease in the length of the spans, or to an increase in the consumption of reinforcement.

A solution is known when volumetric reinforced concrete blocks with their long side are mounted along the building, while the apartment, or a large room of the apartment consists of one or two volumetric elements mounted with their long side along the building and not having these volumetric elements of a common wall, lintel, piers at the junction . Then the area of this apartment or premises will be limited by the unsupported span of floor slabs of these three-dimensional elements. The disadvantage of this solution is that if the length of the apartment is exceeded relative to its depth, it is economically more expedient to place an unstressed floor without a supporting side not along, but across the building, but then the length of a large room will be limited to one or two transport dimensions of the block width, in our In this case, this is a dimension of 3.4 meters, in addition, we have at least two double inter-apartment walls, which requires additional structural and installation measures to ensure their stability with an economical cross section of each of these two walls (http://stroy-server.ru /notes/konstruktsii-zdanii-iz-obemno-prostranstvennykh-elementov, Fig. 4 "c").

Known reinforced concrete three-dimensional block-room in the form of a cube, in which three wall panels with openings for doors and windows, one panel for connection with the next block, with a floor slab and a floor slab.

The disadvantages of this solution are the presence of piers and lintels in the wall panel for connection with the next block, which will not allow creating a common room at the border of two adjacent blocks with walls and ceilings in the same plane, without piers and lintels. The presence in the block of floor slabs and ceilings, after their installation, provides double floor and ceiling structures in the building, which leads to increased steel consumption for their mutual fixation and an increase in labor intensity during installation, in comparison with the panel scheme of the building (SU 1798454 A1, column 2, paragraph 2).

Reinforced concrete voluminous block-rooms in the form of a “cap” or “glass” are known, having four walls (http://www.gr-stroyka.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=44:2010-04-29 -14-04-50&catid=2:2010-02-18-21-44-28&Itemid=3; Fig. 13.3, "f", "d").

The disadvantage of this solution of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks is the lack of flexibility with changing layouts of apartments.

A series of panel houses with hollow core floor slabs are known. For example, series 1-467 (https://planvsem.ru/gradostroitelstvo/serii-panelnyx-domov-9-etazhej.htm). The disadvantage of these solutions is the presence of a platform joint between the ceiling and the walls. In this solution, the height of panel houses is limited to 9-10 floors, because with an increase in the height of the building, the loads in the inclined sections of the supporting zones of hollow-core floor slabs increase, up to critical values. Reinforcement of hollow core floor slabs in support zones under construction conditions is a labor-intensive and material-intensive operation.

Known monolithic reinforced concrete bulk module with a width of 4 to 7.5 meters, which can have the dimensions of the apartment (invention RU No. 2715781).

The disadvantage of this solution is a large transport dimension and a large weight of a single monolithic reinforced concrete bulk module, which limits its scope. Also, the high height of the total floor, consisting of a floor with a height of 250 mm and a ceiling structure with a height of 210 mm, which in total is 460 mm (SP 501.1325800.2021; clauses 7.5.1.3; fig. 7.12, 7.13), while a hollow core slab with a span of 9.0 meters has a height of 220 mm, and a span of 12.0 meters has a height of 265 mm.

A combination of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks "cap" of the Italian company "OLMET" is known, in which one block has two short walls parallel to each other, and the second block, in addition to two short walls, has one long wall perpendicular to them. From these blocks, apartments are assembled without load-bearing interior walls, load-bearing walls are located along the perimeter of the apartment (https://youtu.be/itV-IJXqJ7g). This block is a prototype.

The disadvantage of these three-dimensional blocks is that the floor slab has a limited span, due to the lack of prestressed reinforcement.

Known volumetric reinforced concrete block type "lying glass", which is manufactured using a core that is removed from the side of the smaller width of the block, after the concrete has gained strength.

The lack of these volumetric blocks, in the absence of flexible layouts in houses with their use. Volumetric block the size of a room, respectively, the rooms have a small area (http://zaoobd.ru/).

The technical result, to which the claimed utility model is directed, is the creation of a volumetric reinforced concrete block for the construction of houses with apartments of various types, different areas and layouts, i.e. on the device, for housing construction with flexible housing.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that a volumetric reinforced concrete block can change the base length and width, and when blocking this block with blocks similar in structure, they create the total volume of the apartment, the required area and configuration of the apartment are achieved by changing the length and width of the block and their number in composition of the apartment. The zoning of the apartment into rooms is carried out by partitions, which also increases the options for possible layouts of the apartment.

The volumetric reinforced concrete block contains a precast-monolithic prestressed floor, which allows changing its dimensions along the length of the block over a wide range, and the width of the block is changed by changing the width of the precast prestressed slabs, and the width of the longitudinal monolithic strapping beams of the block floor. Due to the presence of a prestressed ceiling and transverse monolithic beams, at the block, any of the four overall planes of the walls is the blocking plane of the block, which does not require the presence of load-bearing walls and beams protruding from the ceiling plane in these planes of the block, this creates the possibility of forming a single space from several blocks apartments with floors in the same plane and load-bearing walls around the perimeter of the apartment. Prefabricated-monolithic floor, consists of prefabricated prestressed hollow core slabs (Fig. 8, Fig. 9, item 4) and monolithic strapping beams (Fig. 8, Fig. 9, item 6, item 9), which connect this prefabricated - monolithic overlap in a single structure. In the ceiling, along its short ends, there are transverse monolithic strapping beams (pos. 9, fig. 7, fig. 9), and along the prefabricated slabs and between them there are longitudinal monolithic strapping beams (pos. 6, fig. 7, fig. 9), transverse and longitudinal strapping beams are combined into a single monolithic structure.

Also, transverse monolithic strapping beams (pos. 9, fig. 7, fig. 9) of a horizontal precast-monolithic floor, if necessary, can be crossbars of hollow core floor slabs in the building structure (fig. 2, "e"), forming additional openings, or docking faces in a volumetric block, and transverse and longitudinal monolithic strapping beams (Fig. 9, item 9, item 6) can continue in the vertical direction in the form of walls (Fig. 7, item 12). In the longitudinal and transverse monolithic beams of the floor (pos. 6, pos. 9), the presence of walls is determined by the existing configuration of the apartment and the condition that there are large spans inside the apartment without a support space, while the preferred option is when the walls of volumetric blocks are placed along the perimeter of the apartment. The design of the precast-monolithic floor (Fig. 9, pos. 4, pos. 6, pos. 9) provides a variety of types of volumetric blocks, with unified junctions of any of the walls with monolithic strapping beams of the floor, where the wall reinforcement is anchored (pos. 12 ; Fig. 7), both in the monolithic version of the walls, and in the prefabricated version of the walls with reinforcement outlets. The walls of the volumetric block (pos. 12) are joined to its ceiling in monolithic strapping beams (pos. 6, pos. 9). In the transverse strapping beams (pos. 9) and in the longitudinal strapping beams (pos. 6), the presence or absence of load-bearing walls or columns is determined only from the conditions of the apartment layout. In a prefabricated monolithic floor, you can change its width by changing the serial width and the number of prefabricated floor slabs (Fig. 8, 9, item 4), or / and change the width of the longitudinal monolithic beams (item 6), you can also change the length of the floor , by changing the length of prefabricated hollow core slabs in the existing serial, standard line of slabs manufactured using flow-aggregate technology, or any length, in the allowable range of section height, for slabs manufactured using no formwork technology. The presence in the prefabricated-monolithic floor of monolithic strapping beams (pos. 6, pos. 9) around its entire perimeter makes it possible to organize cantilever slab sections (pos. 1, pos. 8) behind the outer dimensions of the walls of the volumetric block, in any of its places, for organization of balconies and floor, or intra-apartment corridors (Fig. 1, c, d; Fig. 2, c; Fig. 3, Fig. 6, pos. 1, pos. 8), which also allows you to get a variety of architectural and planning solutions . Volumetric reinforced concrete blocks with cantilevered slab sections that form internal, storey, common-apartment corridors can alternate through one block (Fig. 3, pos. 8) to form an intermittent longitudinal horizontal assembly joint, which increases the stability of the building.

In three-dimensional blocks, with three walls, type "P", "H", (Fig. 1, pos. a, b, c, d; Fig. 2, pos. e) are placed elevator shafts (Fig. 3, pos. 13), stairs (Fig. 3, pos. 14) and other engineering systems.

The apartment is assembled from several three-dimensional blocks joined at the construction site, in which the ceilings are in the same plane of the ceiling. Volumetric blocks can be both of the “cap” type and of the “glass” type, in which the overlap is prefabricated-monolithic, and the number of walls in the block is determined by the planning decision of the apartment.

The task of housing construction from volumetric blocks of the "glass" or "cap" type with flexible apartment layout is solved as follows - an apartment is designed with the required total area, with a given configuration in the plan, with the required number of rooms, premises and their separate required areas. After that, the layout of this apartment is divided into separate mounting elements - three-dimensional blocks. In this case, additional existing restrictions should be taken into account, on the lifting capacity of the assembly crane at the construction site and the regulatory restrictions on the transport dimension, when transporting volumetric units by road. For a designed two or one-room apartment facing one side of the world, which is assembled from three-dimensional blocks, a “glass”, or “cap”, with two transverse walls (Fig. 2, “a”, “b”), and along the ends of this apartment, three-dimensional blocks with three walls in the form of "P" or "H" shaped blocks are installed (Fig. 1, "a", "b"; Fig. 2, "e"). A one-room apartment can also be made up of only "P" or "H" shaped blocks (Fig. 3), or one volumetric block (Fig. 3, pos. 7). In FIG. 4 shows a variant of a set of apartments from volumetric reinforced concrete blocks (pos. 17, pos. 15), with installation to the volumetric block, after its manufacture, of the outer panel as a separate element (pos. 16). Moreover, the outer panel can be the length of the dimension of one volumetric block, or the length of two volumetric blocks at the same time, or its length is not a multiple of the dimension of the block. These three-dimensional blocks can be made on existing molding machines for "lying glass" blocks. The maximum basic width, length and height of all blocks and the dimensions of the mold equipment for their manufacture are accepted under the terms of agreeing these dimensions with organizations that give regional permits for the transportation of bulky goods by road and according to the conditions of the lifting capacity of the assembly crane at the construction site, subsequently, for each specific order for houses, these sizes of volumetric blocks can be discretely adjusted in the direction of their reduction, based on the required area of the apartment. Also, the width of the block can be taken equal to 2.5 meters, which removes it from the category of bulky cargo and makes it possible to transport the blocks not by special, but by ordinary vehicles, without coordinating the route and conditions for its transportation. Subject to the above conditions, an apartment is designed from a finite number of specific three-dimensional blocks of a certain width. Local elongation (bay window) or shortening of blocks (built-in loggia) is also taken into account, which is carried out by using a prefabricated hollow-core slab of the required length in the volumetric block (Fig. 5, 6, 7; pos. 4). In this case, the third longitudinal wall in the bulk block (bay window, built-in loggia) may not be the entire length of the block, but only the length of the required outer wall (Fig. 2, “d”), further, if necessary, it can be continued with a partition with a smaller cross section. We get an apartment in which the walls are located along its perimeter, and the presence of a prestressed hollow floor in the composition of three-dimensional blocks allows you to block this apartment, both in the transverse and longitudinal directions, i.e. Structurally, this apartment can consist of 3 or 2 volume blocks (Fig. 3, Option No. 1, Option No. 2), it can also consist of volume blocks with separately mounted external panels (Fig. 4, Option No. 3) . The limiting factor for Option No. 2 is the lifting capacity of the erection crane. Constructive solutions to ensure the creation of any flatography from these blocks are prestressed floors and the absence of beams, as part of the interlocking faces of volumetric blocks protruding from the plane of the floors, all overlappings of interlocked volumetric blocks, in the faces of their interlocks and within the entire apartment lie in one the plane of the ceiling (Fig. 1, 2, 5), which makes it possible to organize single premises within not only one, but also several blocks (Fig. 3, Fig. 4). Thus, the presence of free, without supporting space inside the apartment, assembled from several separate three-dimensional blocks, and the presence of a single composite apartment floor in one plane of the ceiling, makes it possible, due to light partitions, to organize a set of premises inside the apartment with the required area for kitchens, living and non-residential premises, with the required number of bedrooms. These events ensure the creation of any apartmentography.

Presence of prestressed hollow floors (item 4) in bulk blocks ensures the creation of spans up to 14.6 meters (dimension of a Euro-truck semi-trailer with cargo protrusion), in addition, prestressed floors provide metal savings by about two times in comparison with unstressed ones. Also, the reduced thickness of the hollow floor with a height of 220 mm is 122-130 mm, which lightens the weight of the floor and reduces the consumption of concrete and reinforcement. Among prestressed structures for floors of residential buildings, the hollow core slab is the most effective in terms of specific consumption of concrete, in terms of sound insulation qualities, for front surfaces that are highly prepared for finishing, the slabs have a wide range of external dimensions to choose from. Hollow prestressed floor slabs, in contrast to solid prestressed slabs, are effective for large spans. The presence of monolithic strapping beams and crossbars (Fig. 7, pos. 9) in the area of the connection of the prefabricated floor slab (pos. 4) with the wall (pos. 12) ensures the presence of a rigid node for their connection, which also saves metal in the ceiling, in comparison with the hinge assembly (Fig. 7).

Also, the absence of a hollow core slab in the joint between the walls above and below the lying floors makes unnecessary construction work in construction conditions to strengthen this joint (Fig. 7). Since the prefabricated hollow core slab (pos. 4) is located outside the joint of the walls of the volume blocks, it is pinched in the body of the volume block by transverse dowels (pos. 11, Fig. 7) in the end voids of the floor slab, outside this joint and by longitudinal dowels along the slab (Fig. 8, pos. 10) created by monolithic strapping beams (pos. 6, pos. 9) of the floor around prefabricated slabs (Fig. 7, fig. 8, pos. 4). Also, the prefabricated floor slab can be fixed in the monolithic beams of the prefabricated-monolithic floor due to the reinforcing outlets of the prefabricated slab into the monolith. This makes it possible to raise the number of storeys of buildings due to the transition from the platform joint of the ceiling to the walls, to the contact joint of the walls, in the hollow-core slab variant (Fig. 7, pos. 12, pos. 4). It also reduces the labor intensity during the installation of buildings, since it is not required to reinforce the floor slabs in the support zone, between the walls. Due to the fact that inter-apartment and inter-room walls and ceilings are single, and not double, as in other constructive schemes of volumetric housing construction, additional fastening of these double structures to each other is not required, respectively, the complexity of the installation of the building also decreases. The use of cantilever slab sections in the prefabricated-monolithic floor as balconies and for the organization of storey internal corridors of residential buildings, for the creation of which separate additional elements in the form of flat floor slabs are usually used, makes it possible in the proposed solution to reduce the labor intensity at the construction site (Fig. 1, c, d; Fig. 2, c; Fig. 3, 6, pos. 1, 8) and improve the variety of facades.

On the drawings:

fig. 1. volumetric reinforced concrete blocks are shown, with external panels, with three or more walls of the "cap" and "glass" type, with and without cantilevered slab sections;

fig. 2. three-dimensional reinforced concrete blocks are shown, with external panels, with two or more walls, of the "cap" and "glass" type, with and without cantilevered slab sections;

fig. 3. An example of a flat plan of a fragment of a typical floor with installation plans for volumetric units with external panels is shown, in two versions;

fig. 4 shows an example of a flat plan of a fragment of a typical floor with installation plans for volumetric blocks with external panels in the form of separate elements (Option No. 3);

fig. Figure 5 shows three-dimensional reinforced concrete blocks, without external panels and individual external panels, docked to three-dimensional blocks in the factory, or at the installation of buildings.

fig. 6. shows a vertical section of a typical floor and a building made of prefabricated volumetric reinforced concrete blocks;

fig. 7. shows the junction of a prestressed hollow-core slab with a transverse monolithic tie beam, shows the transverse support dowels as part of a precast-monolithic floor and the junction of this floor with the wall of a volumetric reinforced concrete block, also shows the contact junction of the walls above and the underlying blocks with each other;

fig. 8 shows a cross section of a prefabricated-monolithic floor, as part of a three-dimensional block, consisting of prestressed hollow-core floor slabs and longitudinal monolithic strapping beams with longitudinal dowels for connecting the slabs with monolithic sections, with shear forces in the plane of their contact;

fig. 9 shows a plan of the mutual arrangement of prestressed floor slabs and monolithic tie beams, as part of a prefabricated monolithic floor.

The manufacturing technology of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks, depending on their type - “glass”, or “cap”, will differ in the factory priority of the sequence of concreting one or another element in the composition of the volumetric block. And if there is additional technological equipment in the form of a tilter, the technology for manufacturing volumetric blocks of the "cap" or "glass" type will not differ.

In FIG. 1 shows the possible options for volumetric blocks: type "cap" ("a", "c"); type "glass" ("b", "g", "d", "e"); with three walls ("a" - "d"); with five walls ("d"); with four walls ("e"); with cantilever slab sections ("c", "d").

In FIG. 2 shows the possible options for volumetric blocks: type "cap" ("b", "e"); type "glass" ("a", "c", "d", "d"); with three walls ("g", "d"); with two walls ("a", "b", "c"); with three blocking planes ("e"); with cantilever slab sections ("in").

All bulk blocks of the same type - "glass", shown in Fig. 1 and FIG. 2 are made in one mold.

In FIG. 3 shows the installation plan of the floors of a residential building in option No. 1, where flexible housing is provided using only two types of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks for housing construction, such as "glass" or "cap", with external walls, these are firstly blocks with three walls (Fig. 3, pos. 3; fig. 1, "b") and secondly blocks with two walls (Fig. 3, pos. 2; fig. 2, "a"). Blocks with their long side are located across the building. Blocks of one apartment may have different lengths, as well as the presence or absence of cantilever slab sections (pos. 1, 8). At the same time, load-bearing walls are located along the perimeter of the apartment, which makes it possible, using partitions, to provide any composition of the premises of the apartment and their area. The same flexible storey assembly layout can be made with three-dimensional blocks of the "cap" type. On another installation plan (option No. 2) of a typical floor, an option is shown when it is necessary to reduce the number of volumetric blocks, of which, for example, a two-room apartment is mounted, then the transverse volumetric blocks pos.2, in the amount of three pieces, are replaced by longitudinal pos.3 in the amount of 2 pieces. These blocks (pos. 3) can also be used when large window openings are needed in the outer walls. Volumetric blocks of this length can only be made with prestressed reinforcement, which is provided in our solution. As we can see, according to these two options for installation plans, the blocks can meet the requirements for the weight and dimensions of volumetric blocks, while the layout of the apartment in question does not change, because. in these cases, the number of blocks in the apartment simply changes and, accordingly, their size and weight.

In FIG. 4 shows the installation plan of the floors of a residential building in option No. 3, where flexible housing is also provided by using only two types of volumetric reinforced concrete blocks for housing construction, the "glass" type, or the "cap" type, these are, firstly, blocks with two walls (Fig. 4, item 15; Fig. 5, "c", "d") and secondly, blocks with one wall (Fig. 4, item 17; Fig. 5, "a", "b"). The outer walls (Fig. 4, pos. 16; Fig. 5, "e") according to this option are made separately and are also mounted separately in the building, and the outer panel can have a length equal to the width of one volume block, and a length equal to the width two or three volume blocks, or the length of the panel can be equal to the distance between the partitions of the apartment, which reduces the number of vertical joints of the outer panels inside the apartment and, accordingly, reduces the complexity of the installation of the building. The load-bearing capacity of the blocks, of all three options shown in the installation plans, is ensured by the presence of a prestressed floor in their composition, which provides two and three-sided support for the block floors.

In FIG. 5 shows three-dimensional blocks of the “glass” type (“a”, “c”) and the “cap” type (“b”, “d”), with two and one wall, as well as a separate outer panel (“d”). These mounting elements are used when mounting buildings according to option No. 3 (Fig. 4), when it is necessary to increase the size of the volumetric block, with a small lifting capacity of the mounting crane and if it is necessary to have a free location of window openings along the facade of the building, which is more accessible in this option, due to for increasing the length of the outer panel. In the variant of a one-room apartment, consisting of two volume blocks with an outer panel length equal to the width of these two volume blocks and taking into account one transverse partition, the number of mounting elements in option No. 3 is equal to the number of mounting elements of a one-room apartment, according to the “lying glass” design scheme. In options No. 1, No. 2, the number of mounting elements is less.

In FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a residential building, where volumetric blocks pos. 2, pos. 3 are shown in elevation. Volumetric block pos.2 has a cantilever slab pos.1 of the loggia or balcony and a cantilever slab pos.8, which is a slab of the storey internal corridor of the building.

In FIG. 7 shows the junction of the prefabricated monolithic ceiling and walls as part of a three-dimensional block and at the same time the assembly joint of two three-dimensional "glass" type blocks with each other along the height of the building (Node A), the same joint in the construction of "cap" type blocks. As part of the prefabricated monolithic floor, there are prefabricated hollow prestressed slabs pos. 4, with end caps for the voids of the plate, pos. 5, with longitudinal pos. 6 (Fig. 8, Fig. 9) and transverse pos. 9 monolithic strapping beams, around prefabricated floor slabs. Concrete of monolithic strapping beams pos. 9, pos. 6 forms transverse pos. 11 and longitudinal pos. 10 (Fig. 8) dowels with hollow core slabs pos.4, which ensures joint operation of prefabricated slabs pos. 4 and monolithic strapping beams pos 6, pos. 9 as part of a prefabricated monolithic floor of three-dimensional blocks (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5). In these monolithic strapping beams, pos. 6, pos. 9 of the prefabricated monolithic floor, the floor is docked with the walls, pos. 12 (Fig. 7) and the formation of the bulk concrete block itself. Walls pos. 12 can be both monolithic and prefabricated, with reinforcement outlets, for joining walls with ceilings in the above-mentioned monolithic belts, pos. 6, pos. 9. In the same node, the junction of volumetric blocks with each other in height is shown, this junction is a contact, and not a platform one, because the hollow core slab pos.4 is placed outside the junction of two volumetric blocks, with each other, in height and it is securely fixed, outside this junction, on the dowels pos. 11, which makes it possible to use a hollow-core floor slab in buildings of any number of storeys, because the floor slab does not perceive loads from higher floors in its support zone.

In FIG. 8 shows a cross section 2-2 of a prefabricated monolithic floor of a three-dimensional block. On this section there are prefabricated prestressed hollow core floor slabs pos. 4, longitudinal monolithic strapping beams pos. 6, dowels 10, which unite prefabricated and monolithic structures of the floor of the volumetric block into one element, in the presence of shearing vertical loads in the plane of their contact.

In FIG. 9 shows a horizontal section of a prefabricated-monolithic floor of a volumetric reinforced concrete block in the composition of prefabricated, prestressed, hollow-core floor slabs pos. 4, longitudinal pos. 6 and transverse pos. 9, monolithic strapping beams, which may be a continuation of the vertical monolithic walls pos. 12, or by the anchoring zone of the reinforcement outlets of vertical prefabricated walls pos. 12, or continue beyond the dimensions of the walls of volumetric blocks in the form of horizontal cantilever slabs to form balconies, loggias, corridors (Fig. 3, pos. 1, pos. 8)

A useful model for the manufacture of a volumetric block of the “glass” type according to Options No. 1, No. 2 of the installation plans (Fig. 3) is carried out as follows, on a horizontal surface, a side formwork of a precast-monolithic floor slab of the required size is placed, into which prestressed hollow-core floor slabs are placed, with the formation of gaps between the longitudinal and transverse sides of the slabs and the formwork, between the slabs themselves, floor reinforcement and reinforcing wall outlets fit into these gaps, after which monolithic sections of the prefabricated-monolithic floor slab are poured, formwork and wall reinforcement are installed, the walls are concreted. In the variant of prefabricated walls, they are installed in the conductor and the reinforcing outlets of the wall panels are brought into the zones of the monolithic sections of the prefabricated-monolithic floor, where they are fixed, after which the monolithic sections of the floor are reinforced and concreted, with the formation of a three-dimensional block. The manufacture of similar volumetric blocks of the “cap” type is carried out in a different sequence, first the walls are reinforced and concreted, and then the prefabricated monolithic floor is concreted. In the presence of molds, these three-dimensional blocks can be manufactured at any factory of reinforced concrete products, efficiency, OBD.

Also, these blocks of the "glass" type (Fig. 5, "a", "c") can be manufactured, after their modernization, on molding machines, existing production lines designed for the production of volumetric blocks of the "lying glass" type according to Option No. 3 of the assembly plan (Fig. 4), or the "cap" type (Fig. 5, "b", "d"), but with the use of temporary supports for storage and transportation of these bulk blocks.

Claims (6)

1. Volumetric reinforced concrete block for the construction of low-rise and multi-storey residential buildings, public buildings and structures, as well as other buildings for any other purpose, consisting of a prefabricated monolithic floor and at least one wall, which is connected into a single volumetric block with a ceiling in the zone the location of its monolithic sections in the form of longitudinal and transverse floor beams, the prefabricated floor product is enclosed in a reinforced concrete cage of monolithic longitudinal and transverse beams and they are connected into a single floor due to concrete dowels in a prefabricated product, characterized in that as a prefabricated product in a prefabricated In the monolithic floor, at least one prestressed hollow core floor slab is used, which is moved beyond the support zones of the prefabricated-monolithic floor, which ensures the contact joint of the walls of this block with the walls above and the underlying blocks. 2. Volumetric reinforced concrete block according to claim 1, characterized in that the block has from one to three prefabricated hollow core floor slabs in the floor. 3. Volumetric reinforced concrete block according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of walls in the block is from one to five. 4. Volumetric reinforced concrete block according to claim 1, characterized in that the block can be of the form "glass" or "cap". 5. Volumetric reinforced concrete block according to claim 1, characterized in that the monolithic longitudinal and transverse beams of the prefabricated-monolithic floor have a continuation in the form of a cantilever slab on either side of the block floor, outside the dimensions of the walls of the volumetric block, with the formation of balconies and loggias, apartment and storey corridors, halls of any size. 6. Volumetric reinforced concrete block according to claim 1, characterized in that reinforcement is located in the transverse beam of the prefabricated-monolithic floor, which ensures the operation of the beam as a crossbar for the ends of the hollow floor slabs resting on it.

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