RU2181640C2 - Method of biological remediation of destroyed lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology and environmental safety. SUBSTANCE: lands polluted with petroleum and petroleum derivatives are subjected to remediation using composition of biological preparations consisting of several microorganisms including those destroying crude oil and petroleum derivatives (mazut, tar oil). Use of biological preparations is supplemented by sowing of mixed grasses with plant-growth regulators. EFFECT: increased remediation efficiency. 5 cl, 5 tbl, 2 ex _

Description

 The invention relates to ecology, biotechnology, soil science, and in particular to the biological reclamation of man-made and man-made disturbed lands removed from economic circulation by ashpits of thermal power plants and state district power plants, industrial sludges and dumps formed during mine and open mining of mineral (ore and non-metallic) minerals, during enrichment ore.

 The method can be used to initiate the process of soil formation, the creation or renewal of vegetation, in order to consolidate and cultivate the sands, for operational dust suppression, to improve the environmental situation on the ground.

 Known methods of reclamation of disturbed lands. So, for example, when reclaiming steep rock slopes (1), mineral fertilizers and a stabilizing material - carboxymethyl cellulose or triethylene glycol, as well as fillers - chernozem with the inclusion of perennial grass seeds in this composition are used. For the reclamation of dumps at coal mines, characterized by nutrient deficiencies and low biological activity, it is proposed to introduce waste - household sludge from sewage treatment plants, while the dose of such sludge is at least 30 tons per hectare (2). In the latter case, the application of the proposed use of sludge for the period of reclamation will further worsen the ecological situation, and microorganisms that can cause methane or putrefactive decomposition processes are introduced into the restored soil.

 The inventive method involves the use for the restoration of microorganisms and preparations based on them, taking into account the characteristics of the reclaimed areas and providing not only accelerated soil formation due to the introduction of selected soil agro-beneficial microorganisms, but also contributing to the formation of fertile lands in the subsequent stages of restoration.

Example 1. Reclamation of the ash dump formed after the hydraulic removal of coal ash from the combustion furnaces at the TPP. By its physical properties, ash is a structureless dark gray, and in the dry state, a very dusty mass. Its density is 1.8-1.72 g / cm ³ , bulk density 0.68-0.65 g / cm ³ . The chemical composition is a complex substance, which includes oxides of silicon, iron, aluminum. The content of mobile potassium (K ₂ O) is 7.0 mg / 100 g, nitrate nitrogen is 1.3 mg / 100 g, and the salt pH is in the range of 9.3-10.7.

 Mineral fertilizers in the amount of 120 kg / ha of nitrogen, 90 kg / ha of phosphorus, 40 kg / ha of potassium were applied 7 days before the sowing of seeds over the entire cultivated area (2 ha), the treated area was first sprayed with a biological product based on a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (VKPM B-5972), consisting of Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus bovis, Lactobacillus salivarius var. salicinicus, Lactobac. salivarius var. salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus (3), at the rate of 2.0 kg per hectare, and then after sowing the seeds simultaneously with an aqueous solution of a biological product based on nitrogen-fixing bacteria (4) Az. chroococcum (VKPM B-3721), phosphate-soluble bacteria Bac. mucilaginosus (5) (VKPM B-5987) at a dose of 0.6 kg / ha of each biological product with a gel-forming polymer - fucus alginate at the rate of 200 g per hectare seed rate. After the emergence of seedlings, they were treated with a biological product that increases the intensity of photosynthesis and reduces the stress load of plants (the basis of the drug is a consortium of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus salivarius var. Salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus (VKPM B-5973) (6), in combination with growth of el-1 (7), applied at the rate of 1.5 kg / ha and 5 mg / ha, respectively, in the form of aqueous solutions (spraying) .With an interval of 14 days, this treatment was carried out twice. plant 87% at a grass stand height of 40-55 cm. In the second year, after snow melting, the reclaimed area was treated with a composition of biological products based on a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (VKPM B-5972) Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus bovis, Lactobacillus salivarius var. salicinicicus, salivarius var. salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus at the rate of 1.5 kg / ha, followed by sowing of seeds of cereal grass, bacterized with an aqueous solution of the preparation based on Az. chroococcum (8). After 2 weeks, a biological product was used to increase the intensity of photosynthesis and reduce the stress load of plants, consisting of a consortium of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobac. salivarius var. salivarius, Lactobac. acidophilus (VKPM B-5973) in combination with treatment with the growth regulator el-1 at the rate of 0.003 g / ha. The control was plots without treatment and treated with sewage sludge (prototype). The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.

 Table 2 shows the results of the microbiological analysis of the ash pan in the area reclaimed by the present method.

 In the control and in the variant with the prototype treatment, the number of microorganisms remained almost unchanged, i.e. 0.2 + 0.001 million humus was not detected.

 Example 2

 Reclamation of the areas occupied by sludge from the mining and processing enterprise (Kachkanar) was carried out. Sludge is a technogenic substrate that has no analogues in nature, but according to analytical data it is closest to sand. Granulometric analysis showed that the sludge should be attributed to the sand fraction: gravel - 3%, coarse - medium - and low-grained - 54%, dusty fraction - 32%; particles of fine sand and coarse dust prevail in the sludge. The experiment was carried out as described in example 1, using a bacterial polymer synthesized by Bac as a biopolymer. mucilaginosus (VKPM B-5987) at the rate of 0.6 kg / ha, and for the bacterization of seeds - a preparation based on Az. chroococcum strain 92, with high fungicidal activity, at the rate of 0.8 kg / ha - the norm of seeds. The results of the experiment are shown in tables 3 and 4: in table 3 - data on the formation of grass stand, in table 4 - the results of microbiological analysis of soil samples taken from the reclaimed section of the sludge dump. In the control and variant with the treatment of sediment life. the number of microorganisms remained practically unchanged with the number of saprophytes 30 thousand - 27.8 thousand per 100 g of sludge, i.e. restoration (formation) of the biocenosis of the soil was not observed, and reclamation compared with the claimed method did not occur. In the second year of reclamation, after the snow melted, the reclaimed area was treated in the same way as described in Example 1, using, as in the first year of reclamation, a bacterial polymer, and seed bacterization was carried out using Az. chroococcum 92, the preparations were applied at the rate of 0.6 kg and 0.8 kg per hectare, respectively.

 Thus, it has been experimentally established that the inventive method can be used for the restoration of technologically disturbed lands alienated from the scope of economic activity for its intended purpose, as a landfill or "storage" of products that pollute the environment and dramatically worsen the environmental situation on the ground.

Sources of information
1. USSR Copyright Certificate 1001874, 1983, Bulletin 9.

 2. Krasavin A.P., Khoroshavin A.N., Kataeva I.V. Restoring disturbed lands using bacterial preparations. M., 1988, Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 10, p. 64-68.

 3. RF patent 2054256, publ. 02/20/96, bull. 5.

 4. RF patent 1703634, publ. 01/07/92.

 5. RF patent 2081867, publ. 06/20/97, bull. 17.

 6. RF patent 2092472, publ. 10/10/97, bull. 28.

 7. Vakulenko V.V., Shapoval O.A., Agafonov Yu.V. Development of production technologies and the use of highly effective environmentally friendly immunostimulant El. Abstracts of the participants of the seminar-meeting. Anapa, 1995, p. 122.

 8. Copyright certificate, USSR, 922105, publ. 1982, bull. fifteen.

Claims (5)

 1. The method of biological reclamation of lands that have fallen out of economic circulation, including man-made and man-made disturbed lands, involving the use of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing bacterization of seeds with microorganisms, characterized in that a biologically active preparation based on a consortium of acid-forming substances is introduced into the reclaimed soil after applying mineral fertilizers bacteria (VKPM B-5972), consisting of Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus bovis, Lactobacillus salivarius var. salicinicus, Lactobac. salivarius var. salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus, sow seeds that are bacterized with a biological product based on Azotobacter chroococcum (VKPM B-3721), after which the seeded soil is sprayed with an aqueous solution of a composition consisting of biological preparations based on Az. chroococcum (VKPM B-3721) and a biological product based on you. mucilaginosus (VKPM B-5987) and a gelling biopolymer, and the resulting vegetative plants are treated with a composition of biologically active substances, including a preparation based on a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (VKPM B-5973), consisting of Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus salivarius var. salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a growth regulator, for example, el-1.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) are applied to the reclaimed soil at a dose of 120, 90, 40 kg per hectare, respectively, and a biologically active drug based on a consortium of acid-forming bacteria is sprayed with an aqueous solution ( VKPM B-5972) at a dose of 1.8-3.0 kg / ha, and then, after sowing the seeds, the sown area is treated with an aqueous solution of biological products based on nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum (VKPM B-3721) and phosphate-dissolving bacteria You. mucilaginosus (VKPM B-5987) at a dose of 0.3-0.8 and 0.2-0.4 kg / ha, respectively, and a gelling biopolymer, for example, algae or biopolymer of the bacterial culture of Bacillus mucilaginosus (VKPM B-5987) in an amount of 150 -400 g per hectare (in terms of dry matter).  3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the bacterization of endemic seeds is carried out with nitrogen-fixing bacteria preparations and Azotobacter chroococcum strains are used, for example, 3064, 92 at a dose of 0.3-0.8 kg / ha per hectare seed rate.  4. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the formed vegetative plants are treated with an aqueous solution of a composition of biologically active substances, consisting of a preparation based on a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (VKPM B-5973), including Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus salivarius var. salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and a growth regulator, for example, El-1, at a dose of 1.0-1.7 kg and 0.002-0.004 g per hectare of cultivated area, 1-3 weeks after the introduction of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-dissolving bacteria.  5. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the processing of vegetation of the reclaimed areas is carried out, as necessary, annually in accordance with paragraphs. 2 and 4, and the density of the vegetation cover is supported by an additional sowing of seeds - endemic plants, which are treated in accordance with paragraph 3.

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