RU216450U1 - Device for shock-cavitational crushing of a substance - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a device for cavitation and mechanical grinding of substances both in the form of liquid solutions and dry substances. The device includes a housing, a gas mixture ignition system, a combustible gas generator, substance inlet and outlet pipes. A classifier is installed in the housing, which is a perforated container, with a combustion chamber in the upper part and a substance supply pipe, equipped with a labyrinth seal or a check valve. In this case, the body is a collection of crushed substance, and the grinding of the substance is carried out due to impact, fracture and abrasion of the substance on the wall of the classifier. The technical result is to improve the quality of grinding the substance. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for grinding substances both in the form of liquid solutions, hereinafter solutions, and in the form of dry substances.

Known electro-hydraulic crusher (patent for invention RU 2090265 1996). In this crusher, the substance and liquid enter the inside of the crusher body, the crushing of the material occurs under the action of multiple electro-hydraulic shocks. Particles of the crushed substance having a given size are removed from the discharge zone through the discharge grids and the classifier under pressure created by the shock wave of the pulsed discharge.

The disadvantage of this crusher is low electrical safety and low productivity with high power consumption, so this crusher is not widely used.

Closest to the proposed device is a device for cavitation grinding, activation, disinfection of a substance (patent for invention RU2397015C1 publication date 20.08.2010, IPC B01J 19|00). In this device, the substance is introduced into a liquid medium and the movement of the resulting suspension is organized using a pump in a closed cycle.

For the appearance of the cavitation effect, bubbles of the gas mixture gas-fuel-gas-oxidizer are introduced into the suspension moving through the cavitation chamber in the optimal proportion for their combustion, then the combustible mixture, synchronous collapse of gas bubbles is organized by igniting the shock gas cone formed at the top with a spark plug. part of the cavitation chamber, or due to a high-voltage electric discharge on electrodes installed in the center of the cavitation chamber (Yutkin effect), or both.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the design, the low electrical safety of the device, repeated exposure to the ground substance and, as a result, low productivity.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the efficiency of grinding processes, improve the quality of grinding substances.

This goal is achieved by adding impact crushing of the substance to cavitation grinding. For this, it is proposed to make the cavitation chamber in the form of a perforated container (hereinafter referred to as the classifier) with a combustion chamber in the upper part. For the appearance of the cavitation and impact effect of grinding, bubbles of a combustible mixture are introduced into the classifier, while some of the bubbles fill the combustion chamber, and some are evenly distributed over the volume of the classifier. Further, it is proposed to set fire to the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber, create an explosive shock wave formed by the gas bubble, detonate the combustible mixture in the bubbles dispersed throughout the volume of the classifier. This will make it possible to obtain a general powerful pressure jump, as well as the cavitation effect of grinding during the microexplosion of each bubble with an increase in its volume and subsequent collapse of the bubbles when they collide, and when the solution passes through the holes of the classifier. The second type of impact on the substance is impact grinding caused by a pressure jump and transfer of the kinetic energy of the shock wave to a solution or dry substance (for example, sand), when the latter collide with the walls of the classifier, the substance is crushed due to impact, fracture and abrasion.

The superimposition of cavitation and impact grinding effects on each other enhance the grinding process. Thus, in the proposed device, two types of influence are exerted on the substance: cavitation and mechanical, which improves the quality of grinding.

The figure 1 shows a device for cavitation and mechanical grinding of a substance, where:

1. case,

2. classifier,

3. hole classifier,

4. combustion chamber,

5. spark plug,

6. ignition block,

7. solution supply pipeline,

8. check valve,

9. combustible gas pipeline,

10. gas generator (electrolyzer),

11. unloading pipe.

The device for cavitation and mechanical grinding of substances contains a housing 1, inside which a classifier 2 is installed, which is a perforated container, for example, a perforated pipe with holes 3, closed with plugs on both sides, in the upper part of which there is a combustion chamber 4 with spark plugs 5, connected a high-voltage wire with an ignition unit 6, and a solution supply pipeline 7 with a check valve 8 and/or a labyrinth seal (not shown in the drawing) designed to seal the internal cavity of the classifier from the supply zone. A tube for supplying a combustible mixture of gases (combustible gas) 9, produced by a gas generator (electrolyzer) 10, is suitable for the combustion chamber and the classifier. The volume of gas supplied to the combustion chamber and the frequency of voltage pulses on the spark plug can be adjusted. In the lower part, the housing 1 is made in the form of a cone, passing into the unloading pipe 11 of the treated solution.

The device works as follows. The liquid-substance preliminarily prepared in the required proportion (hereinafter referred to as the solution) is fed through the solution supply pipeline 7 by a pump or by gravity into the classifier 2. Hydrogen in the mixture is supplied through the combustible gas pipeline 9 from the gas generator (electrolyzer) 10 to the classifier 2 and the combustion chamber 4 with oxygen or another mixture, such as propane-oxygen, butane-air, and so on (hereinafter referred to as the combustible mixture), mixed in the optimal proportion for combustion. After filling the classifier with a mixture of liquid and substance and a combustible mixture, the ignition unit 6 supplies a high-voltage charge to the spark plug 5. The combustible mixture in the combustion chamber ignites. There is a rapid, explosive combustion of the mixture. In a fraction of a second, a pressure jump of hundreds of atmospheres is created in the combustion chamber, which is transferred to the mixture surrounding the combustion chamber with combustible gas bubbles, which leads to the detonation of the latter. Check valve 8 closes.

Cavitation grinding of the substance occurs, at the same time, water vapor formed after the combustion of combustible gas (Brown's gas) and escaping from the combustion chamber form a powerful shock wave that throws the mixture from the center of the classifier to its walls, where the substance is crushed by impact, fracture, abrasion. In the center of the classifier 2, a rarefaction zone is formed, and the mixture is again supplied there through the solution supply pipeline 7 and the opened check valve 8. Then the process is repeated. The substance, crushed to the size of the holes of the classifier 3, is pressed with a part of the liquid into the housing 1, from there through the discharge pipe 11 for packaging or further processing.

Literature:

1. Yudkin L.A. Electrohydraulic effect and its application in industry. L. Engineering, 1986

Claims (1)

A device for cavitation and mechanical grinding of substances, including a housing, a gas mixture ignition system, a combustible gas generator, substance inlet and outlet pipes, characterized in that a classifier is installed in the body, which is a perforated container with a combustion chamber in the upper part and a substance supply pipe , equipped with a labyrinth seal or a non-return valve, while the body is a collector of the crushed substance, and the grinding of the substance is carried out due to impact, fracture and abrasion of the substance on the wall of the classifier.

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