CN111397457A - Disposable sleeve and rock crushing method - Google Patents
Disposable sleeve and rock crushing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111397457A CN111397457A CN202010313102.4A CN202010313102A CN111397457A CN 111397457 A CN111397457 A CN 111397457A CN 202010313102 A CN202010313102 A CN 202010313102A CN 111397457 A CN111397457 A CN 111397457A
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- disposable sleeve
- copper
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a disposable sleeve and a rock crushing method, wherein the sleeve comprises an outer cylinder, a sealing cover and a copper bar; the closed top end of the bottom end of the outer cylinder of the device is provided with an opening; two through holes are formed in the sealing cover for the copper rod to pass through; the upper end of the copper bar extends out of the sealing cover, and the bottom end of the copper bar is provided with a fixing structure for fixing a metal wire for connecting the two copper bars. The rock breaking method comprises the steps of injecting a dielectric medium into a disposable sleeve, sealing the sleeve, connecting two copper rods with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply, putting the sleeve into a drill hole, charging a capacitor of the power supply, triggering a capacitor switch, and starting blasting. The disposable sleeve disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and low in cost, is suitable for drilling holes at various angles, is injected into a dielectric medium on site and then packaged, saves the construction time, can seal the drilling holes during use, can not release pressure of energy generated by blasting, can act on the periphery of rocks, is sealed in a self-locking manner by blasting impact force during blasting, improves the blasting efficiency and the blasting effect, and has very considerable market and industrialization prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a disposable sleeve suitable for rock blasting and a rock crushing method.
Background
Rock breaking is one of the methods for improving nature and utilizing natural resources. The traditional blasting technology adopts chemical explosives, the energy of explosive explosion is difficult to control accurately, surrounding rocks and surrounding rocks at the top can be damaged after blasting, in addition, a large amount of dust, toxic and harmful gases and high explosion noise can be generated in the blasting process, the environmental pollution is heavy, the time for removing blast fume is about one hour after blasting, and otherwise, the health and the safety of operators can be endangered.
In cities and densely populated areas, the safe and green plasma blasting method well solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by traditional blasting. The pulse discharge plasma rock crushing technology is a new high-efficiency rock crushing method at home and abroad, and high-voltage pulses are discharged on metal wires to generate plasma, and the plasma interacts with dielectric medium at high temperature and high pressure to crush rocks in a drill hole.
At present, the application range of the plasma technology in China is wide, and two methods of generating plasma by breaking through air and generating plasma by liquid dielectric medium according to a liquid electric reaction are mainly used in the aspect of rock breaking. The electrode breaks down air to generate plasma, the energy release is lower, the rock breaking effect is poorer, and the noise in the discharging process is higher. The generation of plasma by breakdown of the electrodes in air is less effective in rock breaking, and the rate of energy release is not more concentrated than using a liquid as a dielectric. At present, good process treatment is not realized in the drilling electrode at home and abroad, most of the drilling electrodes are complex vertical metal wire electrodes, the blasting efficiency is low, and certain risk exists. The cost is high, and the construction operation is complicated.
The electric explosion of metal wire in water is a method for producing plasma to explode according to liquid-electric reaction, and its physical phenomena is that the metal wire is successively passed through the processes of solid heating, melting, liquid heating, vaporization, surface/internal breakdown and plasma under the action of joule heating of high-power electric pulse, and is interacted with surrounding medium to release shock wave to break rock. One of the obvious characteristics of the method for generating shock waves by the electric explosion of metal wires in water is low energy consumption, namely, the shock waves with the pressure up to GPa magnitude can be generated near the metal wires by applying pulse current to the metal wire load only by a pulse power generating device which stores energy into thousands of joules to promote the electric explosion of the metal wires, so that the method is further used for breaking stones, seismic sources, removing plugs of oil fields, removing scale of pipelines and the like.
Although the plasma blasting method has the advantages of no pollution and flying rocks in the rock breaking process, less energy consumption, lower noise and the like compared with the traditional blasting technology, the current pulse discharge plasma rock breaking technology has the following problems:
1. the blasting device cannot well solve the horizontal or angled engineering hole blasting, and the dielectric liquid is easy to run off without sealing;
2. the dielectric medium formula needs to be configured on site, so that the construction time is increased, and a marketable dielectric medium process is avoided;
3. the blasting electrode device has complex structure, high cost and complicated connection between the device and the charging electrode, and is inconvenient to operate;
4. in the blasting process, the condition that the blasting device is separated from the drill hole often appears, and the blasting efficiency and the blasting effect are seriously influenced.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a disposable sleeve which is simple in structure, low in cost, convenient to transport and simple in construction operation.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of breaking rock based on the disposable sleeve.
The disposable sleeve provided by the invention comprises an outer device cylinder, a sealing cover and a copper bar;
the outer cylinder of the device is a cylinder with a closed bottom end and an open top end;
the sealing cover is used for sealing the opening of the outer cylinder of the device, and two through holes are formed in the sealing cover for the copper rod to pass through;
the copper bars penetrate through the sealing cover, the upper ends of the copper bars extend out of the sealing cover, and the bottom ends of the two copper bars are connected through metal wires.
This disposable sleeve has added the wire blasting on pure electric explosion's basis for voltage electric capacity has reduced to a certain extent, has reduced the cost of whole device promptly, improves the energy release rate, reduces the energy consumption cost, increases the percentage of damage of rock, makes the energy of explosion concentrate on broken rock, has realized the blasting of hard rocks such as granite. In addition, in the field construction process, the rock is required to be pre-perforated, and then plasma is formed through discharging in the hole, so that the rock is blasted. The inventor finds that in the rock blasting process, the blasting effect and the energy utilization efficiency can be directly influenced by the hole wall sealing performance, the disposable sleeve can well solve the problem of the hole wall sealing performance, and the dielectric medium in the outer cylinder of the device is not influenced by the hole wall sealing performance due to the fact that the outer cylinder is sealed by the sealing cover, so that the blasting effect and the energy utilization stability are guaranteed.
When the disposable sleeve is used, a metal wire needs to be connected between the two copper bars, and a dielectric is injected into the outer cylinder of the device, so that the copper bar connected with one end of the metal wire is soaked in the dielectric. Of course the disposable sleeve described above, as well as the wire and dielectric, may be manufactured or sold separately and assembled for use.
The disposable sleeve has the advantages that different dielectrics can be packaged, the construction process is reduced, and the experiment cost is reduced. The equipment and materials used for blasting are relatively simple and include drills, capacitors, electrolytes, wires, etc. After drilling, the disposable sleeve filled with dielectric medium is tightly loaded into the blast hole (i.e. drilling hole), and the capacitor bank connected with the electrode is connected, and the metal wire generates plasma and the like through electric pulse to react with the surrounding medium, release shock wave and break rock. The device is simple and easy to use, different dielectric mediums can be well applied to the disposable sleeve, and the blasting energy can be increased through effective sealing of the dielectric mediums, so that the safety is improved.
Preferably, in the disposable sleeve, a hole for the metal wire to pass through is formed in the bottom of the copper rod, and the metal wire is fixed in the hole in an extruding manner through a mechanical screw.
Preferably, in the above disposable sleeve, the sealing cover extends circumferentially outward to form a cover rim, the open end of the outer cylinder of the device also extends circumferentially outward to form a cylinder rim, and the cover rim and the cylinder rim are sealed by fastening screws. The lid is along with a section of thick bamboo along sealed back sealed effect better through the screw fastening, further prevents the dielectric loss and the emergence of phenomenon such as electrode drops.
Preferably, in the disposable sleeve, an electrode fixing structure is further arranged at the upper end of the copper rod extending out of the sealing cover. The electrode fixing structure is preferably a nut sleeved on the copper rod.
Preferably, in the disposable sleeve, the two through holes on the sealing cover are further provided with sealing rings for sealing gaps between the copper rod and the sealing cover. The seal ring is also for the purpose of further improving the sealing property and preventing the dielectric from flowing out.
Preferably, in the disposable sleeve, the fixing structure at the bottom end of the copper rod is a longitudinal blind hole axially parallel or coaxial with the copper rod and a transverse through hole axially perpendicular to the copper rod and communicated with the blind hole. When in use, the screw is matched. After the metal wire passes through the through hole, the screw extends into the blind hole to be screwed tightly, and the metal wire is extruded and fixed. The connection stability of the metal wire and the copper bar is improved.
The invention provides a rock crushing method which is sequentially carried out according to the following steps:
(1) assembling a disposable cartridge as described in any of the above;
(2) injecting a dielectric into the disposable sleeve and sealing;
(3) putting the sealed disposable sleeve in the step (2) into a drilled hole;
(4) connecting the disposable sleeve with a high-voltage pulse power supply;
(5) charging a capacitor in the high-voltage pulse power supply;
(6) triggering a capacitor discharge switch;
(7) observing whether the rock is blasted or not, and repeating the steps (3) - (6) if the rock is not blasted;
wherein, the sequence of the steps (3) and (4) can be changed.
Alternatively or preferably, in the above method for crushing rocks, the dielectric used in the step (2) is a strong electrolyte solution.
The strong electrolyte solution is an electrolyte solution which is obtained by the same amount of different solutions under the condition of supplying the same energy from the outside and has the most positive and negative ion pairs.
Through packing the electrolyte solution that will join in marriage in disposable sleeve, the sleeve is fine seals it, prevents to run off the polluted environment and be convenient for transport, has stored the energy well through the encapsulation simultaneously, increases blasting efficiency. When the disposable sleeve packaging the strong electrolyte solution is used, the metal wire sequentially passes through the processes of solid heating, melting, liquid heating, vaporization, plasma and the like under the Joule heating action of high-power electric pulses and interacts with the surrounding strong electrolyte solution to generate the maximum amount of plasma, and shock waves are released to break rocks.
Compared with a vacuum or low-pressure environment, the strong electrolyte solution has the characteristics of difficulty in compression, high breakdown field intensity and stronger generated shock waves, and has the advantages of high discharge reliability, low insulation requirement, high energy conversion efficiency, convenience, reliability, controllability and the like. In a vacuum or low-pressure environment, the surface breakdown of the metal wire influences the energy deposition of the metal wire, which is not beneficial to forming uniform plasma.
The disposable sleeve rock crushing method with injected dielectric medium as strong electrolyte solution has wide application prospect in engineering blasting, pile foundation hole forming, roadway pressure relief, "seismic exploration", mining engineering and other fields.
Alternatively or preferably, in the method for crushing rock, the dielectric used in the step (2) is an energetic material.
The energetic material refers to a substance which can continuously react and release huge energy in a short time without the participation of external substances, such as explosives TNT, HMX, RDX, TAIAN, Terra, and the like.
Although the strong electrolyte solution has the above advantages as a dielectric, it also has some defects, such as serious energy leakage in the discharge gap, low energy conversion efficiency, unstable discharge, influence by temperature, dielectric conductance, etc. Driving the energetic material with the wire solves this problem well and produces greater burst energy.
The metal wire can be electrically exploded by the pulse large-current discharge to generate high-temperature and high-pressure dense plasma, and the high-temperature and high-pressure dense plasma is accompanied by strong shock waves to further detonate the energetic material to generate the shock waves with higher impulse and energy density in water. The shock wave energy can be increased by tens of times by means of the chemical energy of the energetic material. The shock wave macroscopically appears as a high-pressure, high-density, high-temperature curved surface moving at high speed. High temperature, high pressure and extremely reactive plasma may interact with energetic materials, while intense electromagnetic radiation may also act on energetic chemical bonds of the materials to ignite energetic mixtures, causing explosions.
In practical application, the energetic material is made into pellets with specific sizes, and the pellets are filled into a metal wire (usually a copper wire) of a disposable sleeve, so that the impact operation can be completed. The packaging of the energy-containing material through the disposable sleeve greatly increases the safety, and the device has the advantages of simplicity, convenience in construction, controllable energy and the like. When the shock wave acts on a reservoir, even if macro cracks cannot be generated, the physical parameters of the shock wave are changed, the seepage characteristics are improved, the desorption and diffusion of oil gas are promoted, the aim of increasing the yield macroscopically is fulfilled, or the yield of the oil gas well with the reduced yield is recovered, so that the shock wave is an ideal substitute or supplement for the hydraulic fracturing technology. Has considerable application prospect in both conventional oil and gas production increase and unconventional natural gas development.
Alternatively or preferably, in the above method for crushing rocks, the dielectric used in the step (2) is a foam solution.
The foaming solution is prepared by preparing the dielectric solution into a foam state, for example, the dielectric solution can be filled into a bubbler, and the bubbler is started to stir the dielectric solution continuously to foam uniformly and stably to form the foaming solution.
The foam solution is used as a dielectric medium and is excited under the action of high-voltage pulse to generate plasma, cluster shock waves of ions are formed due to the electrical interaction among ion groups and expand outwards, a large amount of foam can absorb heat generated in the moment of discharging, pulse impact force can be generated under the action of pulse pressure, and impact energy is transmitted to surrounding rocks and is exploded.
The pulsating energy effect generated by the explosion bubbles in the foam solution can reach 40% of total explosion energy, and the bubbles can expand and contract under the action of internal and external pressure to generate the pulsating effect. In the reciprocating pulsation process, the bubbles can generate pressure waves, and the bubble collapse process can generate certain impact force to promote rock breakage to a certain extent. Some of them increase the impact force on the rock, generating a certain pulsating impact force inside, and also the impact pressure on the closed rock bore.
Through pouring into the device urceolus of disposable sleeve with the foam solution, device urceolus and sealed lid encapsulate the foam solution well, prevent the leakage, and the stored energy has increased blasting efficiency, convenient operation simultaneously.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the disposable sleeve provided by the invention is convenient for the installation and fixation between the copper bar and the electrode through the sealing cover, and the phenomenon that the electrode is easy to fall off is prevented.
(2) The dielectric medium suitable for the disposable sleeve can be prepared in advance, the dielectric medium is sealed independently, the carrying and the installation are convenient, and the problems that the dielectric medium is easy to run off, pollutes the environment and is easy to cause harm to the health of constructors are well solved.
(3) When the disposable sleeve is used, the drilling hole can be completely sealed without being influenced by the sealing performance of the hole wall, and the energy of blasting is sealed in the hole without pressure relief, so that the disposable sleeve can act on the periphery of rocks.
(4) The disposable sleeve is very simple for the charging construction of the dielectric medium, the difficulty of blasting only in a vertical hole is well solved, the horizontal equal-angle drilling holes are well prevented from dielectric medium loss through the installation of the sealing sleeve, the metal wire and the drilling holes form a right angle, shock waves are better formed, and the blasting efficiency is improved.
(5) The disposable sleeve can be blasted by using different dielectrics according to different working conditions, the trouble of drilling and distributing the dielectrics on site is reduced, and the construction time is shortened.
(6) The disposable sleeve is a disposable consumable, can be used for simultaneously constructing a plurality of sleeves and replacing the sleeves simultaneously for a plurality of blast holes in construction, is convenient to manufacture and construct and low in cost, and has very considerable market and industrialization prospects.
(7) The rock crushing method well solves the problem of construction of different dielectrics in different engineering occasions by innovative use of the disposable sleeve, has simple device operation and low cost, effectively encapsulates the dielectrics, and has the advantages of improving safety, increasing blasting energy and the like. The same device is applied to different dielectrics, so that great convenience is brought to construction, and the device is multipurpose. Meanwhile, the electrode is convenient to carry, and the problem that the electrode is easy to fall off in the traditional electrode blasting process can be well solved. The method solves the problem that the traditional electrode can only blast a vertical hole, the horizontal hole with an angle hole can be well constructed by using the disposable sleeve, the shock wave power is greatly increased by placing the metal wire at a right angle with the drilled hole, and the market application prospect is good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the disposable cartridge of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is an appearance structure diagram of the disposable sleeve of the embodiment 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation method of the disposable sleeve according to embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of rock crushing construction using the disposable sleeve of example 2.
In the figure:
1. device outer cylinder 2, sealing cover 3, copper bar
4. Metal wire 5, screw 6, screw
7. And the sealing ring 8 is a nut.
Detailed Description
The structure of the disposable sleeve and the use thereof and the method for rock crushing construction using the disposable sleeve of the present invention will be explained and explained in detail with reference to the specific embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an exemplary disposable cartridge configuration is shown. The disposable sleeve comprises an outer device cylinder 1, a sealing cover 2, a copper bar 3 and a metal wire 4. The metal wire 4 is preferably a copper wire.
The outer cylinder 1 of the device is a cylinder with a closed bottom end, an opening is arranged at the top end, and a protruding cylinder edge is formed at one end of the opening.
For the convenience of subsequent use and blasting effect, the bottom surface of the closed end of the outer cylinder 1 of the device is vertical to the cylinder wall.
The sealing cover 2 is arranged on one side of the opening of the outer cylinder 1 of the device and used for sealing the opening of the outer cylinder 1 of the device, the sealing cover 2 extends outwards to form a cover edge, the cover edge is buckled with the cylinder edge, and then the sealing cover is screwed and fixed by a plurality of mechanical screws 6. In the present embodiment, the machine screw penetrates the cover edge of the sealing cover 2 to fix the sealing cover 2 and the cylinder edge of the device outer cylinder 1.
However, it should be noted that the invention is not limited to the specific form of the cover rim and the barrel rim and the fixing and sealing of the two, and those skilled in the art can select a suitable form of the fixing and sealing of the sealing cover according to actual needs.
The two copper rods 3 take the axis of the outer cylinder 1 of the device as an axis, symmetrically and parallelly penetrate through the through holes of the sealing cover 2, one end of each copper rod 3 extends into the outer cylinder 1 of the device, and the other end of each copper rod is arranged on the outer side of the outer cylinder 1 of the device.
One end of each copper rod 3 extending into the outer cylinder 1 of the device is provided with a fixing structure, a metal wire 4 is connected between the fixing structures of the two copper rods, and two ends of the metal wire 4 are fixed at one end of each copper rod extending into the outer cylinder of the device through locking screws 5 respectively. More specifically, the fixing structure at the bottom end of the copper rod 3 is a longitudinal blind hole axially parallel or coaxial with the copper rod 3 and a transverse through hole axially perpendicular to the copper rod 3 and communicated with the blind hole. In use, the screw 5 is required to be matched. After the metal wire 4 passes through the through hole, the screw 5 extends into the blind hole to be screwed tightly, and the metal wire 4 is pressed and fixed. The connection stability of the metal wire 4 and the copper bar 3 is improved.
In this embodiment, the cross sections of the copper rods 3 are the same, and the distance from one end of the copper rods extending into the outer cylinder 1 to the bottom surface of the outer cylinder 1 is also the same, so that the metal wires 4 are arranged in parallel with the bottom surface of the outer cylinder 1 to ensure a better blasting effect.
And one end of each copper bar 3, which is arranged outside the outer cylinder 1 of the device, is provided with an electrode fixing structure for fixedly connecting the electrodes of the copper bars 3.
In this embodiment, the electrode fixing structure is a nut 8 sleeved on the copper bar 3.
And a sealing ring 7 is arranged at the position where the copper rod 3 penetrates through the sealing cover 2. For preventing the dielectric from flowing out from the gap between the copper rod 3 and the sealing cap 2 after the dielectric is injected.
In this embodiment, the sealing ring 7 is an O-ring sleeved on the copper rod 3. It should be noted that the present invention does not specifically limit the specific form of the sealing ring 7, and those skilled in the art can select a suitable sealing form according to actual needs.
The disposable sleeve device is low in cost as disposable consumables by arranging the copper rod, the metal wire and the dielectric medium into the sleeve. Plasma blasting adopted at home and abroad does not seal the blasting hole, the problem of pressure relief in the hole in the blasting process is not solved, and the device concentrates the energy of the blasting on rock breaking and realizes better rock blasting. The whole device is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, low in failure rate, safe, reliable and convenient to operate. The problem that the blasting can only be performed on the vertical hole in a metal wire solution in the prior art is well solved. The horizontal placement of the metal wire in the disposable sleeve can increase the rock crushing effect and well store the dielectric medium. The problems of complicated procedures of on-site dielectric medium configuration, easy falling and damage in the blasting of the electrodes in the holes and the like are solved. The disposable sleeve has wider application range and very considerable market and industrialization prospect.
The disposable sleeve can be configured with different dielectrics to increase the release of energy as the electrohydraulic effect in the process of electric explosion, and the foam solution can be used for well plugging rock gaps and increasing the blasting power. Strong electrolyte solutions such as sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide can also be used to generate more plasma and shock waves to blast the rock. It is also possible to use energetic materials or the like to break rock under wire drive. No matter what kind of dielectric or material can both be transferred in disposable sleeve well, and the sleeve seals dielectric etc. uses different dielectric solution under different construction conditions, convenient operation is simple. The technology has wide application range and very considerable market and industrialization prospect.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, this embodiment provides a rock breaking method implemented by the disposable sleeve described in the first embodiment.
The rock crushing method is sequentially carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the rock to be blasted is inspected and prepared and a hole is drilled around or above the rock according to the designed position, angle, hole diameter and depth to form a bore hole.
(2) Assembling a disposable cartridge
The disposable sleeve is the disposable sleeve of the first embodiment, and the parts of the disposable sleeve are assembled according to the method of the first embodiment. Two copper rods 3 with through holes and blind holes at the bottom ends are arranged in the through holes of the sealing cover 2, and the copper rods 3 and the sealing cover 2 are sealed by a sealing ring 7. And inserting a metal wire 4 into a through hole at the bottom end of the copper rod 3, and screwing a locking screw 5 into the blind hole to lock and fix the metal wire 4.
(3) According to different engineering conditions, injecting dielectric medium into the disposable sleeve and sealing
The prepared dielectric medium formula is injected into the device outer cylinder 1 of the disposable sleeve, one end of the metal wire 4 of the sealing cover 2 which is just assembled is arranged in the device outer cylinder 1, and the sealing cover 2 and the device outer cylinder 1 are fixedly locked by a mechanical screw 6.
The specific type of the dielectric can be flexibly selected according to the actual use scene, such as strong electrolyte solution, energetic material or foam solution.
(4) The copper bar 3 is respectively provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a high-voltage pulse power supply and is locked and fixed by a nut 8. While the entire device is loaded into the borehole.
(5) Charging a capacitor in a high voltage pulsed power supply
And (3) setting pulse voltage parameters according to factors such as the size and the property of structures needing to be crushed, such as rock mass and the like, so as to charge a capacitor in the high-voltage pulse power supply.
(6) Trigger capacitor discharge switch
After the capacitor discharge switch is triggered, the capacitor is discharged to perform blasting operation.
(7) And (5) observing whether the rock is blasted or not, and repeating the steps (3) - (6) if the rock is not blasted.
The rock breaking method discharges at the electrode through high-voltage pulse, the metal wire 4 generates plasma through solid, liquid and gas three states under high voltage and interacts with surrounding dielectric medium to release shock waves, and rocks are broken in a drill hole.
If the rock is not broken after the capacitor is switched off, the reason needs to be searched, the adjustment is carried out according to the problem, and a new disposable sleeve is put into the hole again to carry out blasting operation.
The reason for the lack of breakage may be that the electrodes are not well connected or there is a dielectric formulation problem, and the experiment is performed by adjusting to replace the new device into the hole. In the experiment, the metal wire 4 in the disposable sleeve generates plasma under high pulse heating and interacts with dielectric solution or energetic material, and high-temperature and high-pressure plasma shock waves are formed at the moment of discharging, so that the rock blasting operation is completed.
The rock breaking method is applicable to specific scenes that:
1. tunnel excavation
When a sensitive stratum is encountered during tunnel excavation, the rock crushing technology can be used, and the generation of flying rocks can be effectively reduced without dust when the rocks are crushed. Simultaneously, the defect that only vertical holes can be blasted is well overcome, and blasting can be finished in horizontal holes and other angled holes through the disposable sleeve without dielectric leakage loss. The horizontal placement of the metal wire for plasma blasting also increases the blasting efficiency. Can not cause harm to human body in a closed narrow space. In the discharging process, the disposable sleeve well seals the dielectric medium, so that the dielectric medium is prevented from being lost before discharging; in the process of discharging and breaking rock, because the technology has concentrated energy, the discharge energy is quickly lost along with the distance from a discharge point, the stress effect on the stratum is favorably reduced, and the technology has good effects on supporting and the like.
2. Foundation pile foundation construction
When the rock breaking method is used for foundation pile foundation construction, energy consumption is lower compared with the traditional mechanical excavation, a new technology of introducing a disposable sleeve reduces construction procedures, and cost is saved due to effective sealing of a dielectric medium. The construction in city can reduce the noise effect effectively, and the used dielectric medium has no environmental pollution.
3. Geological exploration
The disposable sleeve in the method is convenient to transport, simple in construction operation, and effectively sealed against the dielectric medium solution, so that energy is well stored, and the blasting efficiency is increased. Meanwhile, the dielectric medium solution has simple components and easy proportioning, can meet the construction requirements aiming at various field operations, and is not influenced by conditions such as temperature, humidity and the like.
In conclusion, the disposable sleeve of the invention can well prevent the phenomena of dielectric loss, electrode falling and the like by packaging the metal wire and the dielectric. The drilling hole is effectively sealed, so that the explosion energy is rarely leaked, the explosion efficiency is greatly improved, and the cost is reduced. The disposable sleeve can use different dielectric media or energetic materials to blast rocks according to different engineering conditions, simultaneously well solves the problem that blasting can only be constructed in a vertical hole, and has low cost and simple construction operation.
The rock crushing method based on the disposable sleeve innovatively uses the plasma generated by the metal wire in the solution through high-voltage pulse discharge to blast the rock in a shock crushing mode, and compared with the traditional blasting, the rock crushing method has the advantages of no pollution and flying rocks, low energy consumption, low cost, convenient construction operation and low noise. The metal wire explosion is added, so that the voltage capacitance is reduced to a certain extent. Namely, the cost of the whole device is reduced, and the blasting efficiency is increased. High voltage is applied to two ends of the metal wire, the metal wire gradually undergoes phase change processes of solid phase heating, melting, liquid phase heating, vaporization and the like under the action of pulse large current, and finally the metal steam is subjected to electric breakdown to form discharge plasma. Because the discharge is generated in the solution, the high-temperature metal wire heats the adjacent liquid medium, and under the combined action of conditions such as strong radiation, high pressure, strong electric field and the like, the liquid medium is vaporized, and then the rock is blasted by breakdown to form liquid plasma. Meanwhile, the capacitor, the coaxial cable and the discharge electrode used for blasting operation can be repeatedly used, so that the operation cost is greatly reduced.
The inventive concept is explained in detail herein using specific examples, which are given only to aid in understanding the core concepts of the invention. It should be understood that any obvious modifications, equivalents and other improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A disposable sleeve is characterized by comprising an outer device cylinder, a sealing cover and a copper bar;
the outer cylinder of the device is a cylinder with a closed bottom end and an open top end;
the sealing cover is used for sealing the opening of the outer cylinder of the device, and two through holes are formed in the sealing cover for the copper rod to pass through;
the copper bars penetrate through the sealing cover, the upper ends of the copper bars extend out of the sealing cover, and the bottom ends of the two copper bars are connected through metal wires.
2. The disposable sleeve of claim 1 wherein the bottom of the copper rod is provided with a hole for the wire to pass through, and the wire is fixed in the hole by pressing with a machine screw.
3. The disposable cartridge of claim 1 wherein the sealing cap extends circumferentially outwardly to form a cap rim and the open end of the outer cartridge of the device also extends circumferentially outwardly to form a cartridge rim, the cap rim and cartridge rim being sealed by screw tightening.
4. The disposable cartridge of claim 1 wherein the upper end of the copper rod extending beyond the sealing cap is further provided with an electrode fixing structure.
5. The disposable cartridge of claim 1 wherein the two through holes of the sealing cap are further provided with sealing rings for sealing the gap between the copper rod and the sealing cap.
6. The disposable sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the copper rod is provided with a longitudinal blind hole which is axially parallel or coaxial with the copper rod and a transverse through hole which is axially perpendicular to the copper rod and is communicated with the blind hole.
7. A rock crushing method is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) assembling the disposable cartridge of any of claims 1-6;
(2) injecting a dielectric into the disposable sleeve and sealing;
(3) putting the sealed disposable sleeve in the step (2) into a drilled hole;
(4) connecting the disposable sleeve with a high-voltage pulse power supply;
(5) charging a capacitor in the high-voltage pulse power supply;
(6) triggering a capacitor discharge switch;
(7) observing whether the rock is blasted or not, and repeating the steps (3) - (6) if the rock is not blasted;
wherein, the sequence of the steps (3) and (4) can be changed.
8. A method for breaking up rock according to claim 7, wherein the dielectric used in step (2) is a strong electrolyte solution.
9. A method for breaking rock according to claim 7, wherein the dielectric used in step (2) is an energetic material.
10. A method for breaking up rock according to claim 7, wherein the dielectric used in step (2) is a foam solution.
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| CN111912309A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-10 | 东北大学 | Hard rock pre-damage and fracture method based on high-voltage pulse electric explosion |
| CN111963170A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-20 | 北京东方德兴科技有限公司 | Electric explosion device for rock crushing and use method |
| CN112360472A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-12 | 浙江科技学院 | Two-sided symmetrical electric explosion energy-gathering rock breaking device |
| CN114152160A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Intra-hole directional stone breaking device adopting high-voltage electric pulses and construction method thereof |
| CN114658348A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-24 | 西安交通大学 | Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method |
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| CN114152160A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Intra-hole directional stone breaking device adopting high-voltage electric pulses and construction method thereof |
| CN114658348A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-06-24 | 西安交通大学 | Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method |
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