CN114658348B - Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method - Google Patents
Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114658348B CN114658348B CN202210329431.7A CN202210329431A CN114658348B CN 114658348 B CN114658348 B CN 114658348B CN 202210329431 A CN202210329431 A CN 202210329431A CN 114658348 B CN114658348 B CN 114658348B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- energetic material
- voltage
- electrode
- shock wave
- rock breaking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B1/00—Percussion drilling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
Abstract
The invention discloses a shock wave rock breaking device, a system and a method, a solid-liquid composite energetic material and a preparation method, wherein the shock wave rock breaking device comprises a cylinder wall, a high-voltage pole and a reflux column; the cylinder wall is arranged on the bracket, the front end of the cylinder wall is provided with a grounding terminal, the tail end of the cylinder wall is connected with a reflux column, and a high-voltage pole is arranged; a high-voltage terminal and a high-voltage pole are arranged on the high-voltage pole; an insulating layer is arranged between the high-voltage pole and the cylinder wall; the cavity between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is filled with solid-liquid composite energetic material at the inner side of the reflux column. The shock wave rock breaking device has higher reliability and can realize the repeated generation of higher-frequency shock waves in the same time. The invention cancels the use of detonators and explosives, adopts electrode gap discharge to directly detonate energy-containing materials, improves the safety of the operation of the device and leads the device to meet civil safety standards. Meanwhile, the device simplifies the load structure, cancels the use of metal wires and shells, improves the reliability of the device, reduces the running cost and realizes efficient and economical rock weakening or crushing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power rock breaking, and relates to a shock wave rock breaking device, a shock wave rock breaking system, a shock wave rock breaking method, a solid-liquid composite energetic material and a preparation method.
Background
Rock breaking technology is one of the key technologies for oil and gas resource exploitation, and the rock breaking efficiency determines the drilling speed, cost and economic benefit. With the expansion of the depth and breadth of resource exploitation and the pursuit of the safety and controllability of exploitation technology, development of novel rock breaking technology is urgently needed. In recent years, the pulse power technology is increasingly applied to the field of oil and gas exploitation, and is different from the traditional rock breaking technology, the technology converts electric energy into mechanical energy in the modes of hydro-electric effect, underwater wire electric explosion and the like, so that the rock breaking effect is achieved, and the technology has the advantages of controllability, safety, good repeatability and the like. However, the technology is limited by power energy storage and energy conversion efficiency, cannot generate enough energy shock waves in complex terrain environments, and severely restricts the further development and application of the pulse power technology in the field of oil and gas exploitation.
Based on this background, researchers have proposed a load configuration in which a insensitive energetic material is coated outside a wire, and the wire is used to electrically explode to drive the energetic material to detonate or explode, thereby enhancing the output shock wave energy. The problem with this technique is that the load manufacturing process is complex, costly, and the wire is prone to breakage during transportation, long-term storage, and equipment operation, causing the load to fail. In addition, the equipment based on the metal wire-energetic material load has poor continuous working capacity, the repeated shock wave output within a certain period of time can be realized only by a matched load transmission device, and the load transmission device has a complex structure and poor working reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a shock wave rock breaking device, a system and a method, a solid-liquid composite energetic material and a preparation method. The invention simplifies the load structure, improves the survivability under complex environment, such as canceling the use of metal wires and even load shells, so as to improve the reliability of the device, reduce the running cost and realize efficient and economical rock weakening or breaking.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a shockwave rock breaking device comprising:
the cylinder wall is arranged on the bracket, the front end of the cylinder wall is provided with a grounding terminal, the tail end of the cylinder wall is connected with a reflux column, and a high-voltage pole is arranged inside the cylinder wall;
the front end of the high-voltage pole is provided with a high-voltage terminal, and the tail end of the high-voltage pole is provided with a high-voltage pole; an insulating layer is arranged between the high-voltage pole and the cylinder wall;
the tail end of the reflux column is provided with a ground electrode; and a cavity between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is filled with a solid-liquid composite energetic material at the inner side of the reflux column.
The shock wave rock breaking device of the invention is further improved in that:
the insulating layer comprises a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer which are distributed on two sides of the high-voltage pole, an energetic material injection channel is formed between the first insulating layer and the cylinder wall, and an explosion product guide channel is formed between the second insulating layer and the cylinder wall.
The high voltage is a threaded high voltage electrode, and the electrode is an arc-shaped electrode.
A shockwave rock breaking system comprising a shockwave rock breaking device mounted in a hole cut in a target rock of the same size as the shockwave rock breaking device; the high-voltage pole of the shock wave rock breaking device is connected with the three-electrode switch through a coaxial cable and is used for discharging to the gap of the energetic material in the shock wave rock breaking device; the three-electrode switch is connected with the high-voltage pulse capacitor.
A shock wave rock breaking method comprising the steps of:
step 1, a hole with the same size as a shock wave rock breaking device is drilled on target rock, and the shock wave rock breaking device is installed in the hole;
step 2, filling the solid-liquid composite energetic material into a gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode through an energetic material injection channel until the high-voltage electrode is submerged to form an energetic material gap;
step 4, the high-voltage power supply charges the high-voltage pulse capacitor until target energy storage, the capacitor discharges to the gap of the energetic material through the coaxial cable after triggering the three-electrode switch, the gap of the energetic material forms an arc discharge channel after 0.5-10 microseconds, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy to be deposited in the energetic material, so that the energy is exploded to generate shock wave to crack rock;
and 6, repeating the steps 2-5 in the same rock hole until the rock reaches the preset fracturing rate.
The shock wave rock breaking method of the invention is further improved in that:
the included angle between the hole and the horizontal plane is not smaller than the minimum working angle of the device.
And judging whether an energy-containing material gap is formed or not through diagnosis of the gap capacitance.
The solid-liquid composite energetic material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
30-40 parts of nitromethane, 10-30 parts of metal oxide powder and 30-60 parts of aluminum powder; the metal oxide powder comprises copper oxide, manganese dioxide, ferric oxide or ferroferric oxide; the granularity of the metal oxide powder is 1-100 mu m; the granularity of the aluminum powder is 1-100 mu m.
The preparation method of the solid-liquid composite energetic material comprises the following steps:
step 1, uniformly mixing metal oxide powder and aluminum powder to obtain a mixture A;
step 2, adding nitromethane into the mixture A, and stirring under vacuum condition to completely mix the nitromethane to obtain a solid-liquid composite energetic material;
step 4, adding the solid-liquid composite energetic material into a shell cavity between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode;
and 6, switching on the switch, injecting energy into the gap of the energetic material by the high-voltage pulse capacitor to form a discharge channel, and detonating the energetic material.
The preparation method of the solid-liquid composite energetic material is further improved as follows:
in the step 2, the temperature of stirring and mixing under the vacuum condition is 20-40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 100-1000 r/min; stirring for 0.5-30 min;
in the step 3, the high-voltage electrode, the ground electrode and the solid-liquid composite energetic material are coaxially arranged, and the gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is 5-100 mm;
in the step 4, the shell comprises rock, concrete, a metal shell or a silicone tube;
in the step 6, the charging voltage of the high-voltage pulse capacitor is 10-50 kV, the capacitance capacity is 0.1-10 mu F, and the energy storage is more than 1000J.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the main body of the shock wave rock breaking device can be divided into a coaxial electric energy transmission device and an energy-containing material circulating device. In a pulse discharge period, the energetic material circulating device can convey the solid-liquid composite energetic material between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, and energy stored in the pulse capacitor is loaded to two ends of an energetic material gap through the coaxial electric energy transmission device to form an arc discharge and then detonate the solid-liquid composite energetic material. The shock wave formed by arc discharge is overlapped with the shock wave formed by detonation of the solid-liquid composite energetic material and acts on the rock together. The process does not need a detonator, and adopts electrode gap discharge to directly detonate the solid-liquid composite energetic material, thereby improving the operation safety of the device and enabling the device to meet the civil safety standard. Meanwhile, the load structure is simplified, the survivability under the complex environment is improved, such as the use of metal wires or even load shells is eliminated, the reliability of the device is improved, and the running cost is reduced. The invention can generate shock waves with fixed amplitude, impulse and energy under the drive of a pulse source with specific parameters, and has excellent repeatability; the impulse and the energy of the impulse wave generated by the pulse discharge are effectively improved, and the requirement of the driving source parameter is obviously reduced on the premise of ensuring safety, reliability and high repeatability.
The nitromethane, the nano oxide powder and the aluminum powder adopted by the solid-liquid composite energetic material have good stability under strong impact (less than or equal to 500 MPa) and high static pressure (less than or equal to 50 MPa) at high temperature (less than or equal to 130 ℃), so that the solid-liquid composite energetic material has good safety in the storage and transportation processes and is not easy to be subjected to sympathetic explosion in the use process; and the preparation process of the energetic material is simple, the equipment requirement is low, and the method is suitable for mass popularization and application.
The preparation method of the solid-liquid composite energetic material omits the detonator filled with the high-sensitivity explosive, does not contain other explosives, and improves the engineering application safety. The electrode gap discharge does not need to assemble metal wires between electrodes or assemble load installation in advance, so that the electrode gap discharge is simpler and more reliable, and the engineering application cost is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the energetic material circulating device conveys the energetic material between the high-voltage electrode and the site electrode before detonation, and explosive products are discharged out of the device after detonation, so that the device can be rapidly recycled, and the rock breaking efficiency is greatly improved. In addition, the electric arc formed by pulse discharge is not only an impact wave energy source, but also a driving factor for detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a shock wave rock breaking device based on the method for directly detonating a solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a shock wave rock breaking device with an improved electrode structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the shock wave rock breaking device based on the method of directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge.
Fig. 4 is a discharge waveform diagram of example 1 of a method for directly detonating a solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of shock waves generated by detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a graph of shock waves generated by detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge in example 2.
FIG. 7 is a graph of shock waves generated by detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge in example 3.
FIG. 8 is a graph of shock waves generated by detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge in example 4.
Wherein: the high-voltage pole comprises a 1-high-voltage pole, a 2-insulating layer, a 3-cylinder wall, a 4-bracket, a 5-high-voltage terminal, a 6-high-voltage pole, a 7-grounding terminal, an 8-backflow pole, a 9-ground electrode, a 10-solid-liquid composite energetic material, an 11-energetic material injection channel, a 12-explosion product outlet channel, a 13-circular arc-shaped ground electrode, a 14-thread-shaped high-voltage pole, a 15-target rock, a 16-high-voltage pulse capacitor, a 17-three-electrode switch, an 18-coaxial cable, a 19-energetic material gap and 20-shock waves.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or the positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal" if present does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a shock wave rock breaking device, which comprises a cylinder wall 3, a high-voltage pole 1 and a reflux column 8. The cylinder wall 3 is arranged on the bracket 4, the front end of the cylinder wall 3 is provided with a grounding terminal 7, the tail end of the cylinder wall is connected with a reflux column 8, and the inside of the cylinder wall is provided with a high-voltage pole 1; the front end of the high-voltage pole 1 is provided with a high-voltage terminal 5, and the tail end is provided with a high-voltage pole 6; an insulating layer 2 is arranged between the high-voltage pole 1 and the cylinder wall 3; the insulating layer 2 comprises a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer which are distributed on two sides of the high-voltage pole 1, an energetic material injection channel 11 is formed between the first insulating layer and the cylinder wall 3, and an explosion product guide channel 12 is formed between the second insulating layer and the cylinder wall 3. The tail end of the reflux column 8 is provided with a ground electrode 9; the cavity between the high-voltage electrode 6 and the ground electrode 9 is filled with a solid-liquid composite energetic material 10 at the inner side of the reflux column 8.
The invention discloses a shock wave rock breaking device based on an electrode gap discharge direct detonation solid-liquid composite energetic material method, which comprises a coaxial electric energy transmission device and an energetic material circulating device. Specifically, the coaxial electric energy transmission device comprises a high-voltage pole 1, an insulating layer 2, a cylinder wall 3, a bracket and a matched connecting piece 4. One end of the high-voltage pole is a high-voltage terminal 5 which is used for connecting the capacitor discharging switch and the high-voltage pulse capacitor, and the other end is a high-voltage pole 6. One end of the cylinder wall is a grounded terminal 7, the other end of the cylinder wall is connected with a ground electrode 9 through a backflow column 8, and two axial through holes are reserved in the cylinder wall and are used for assembling an energetic material circulating device. The energetic material circulation device consists of an energetic material injection channel 11 and an explosion product guide channel 12, and after the energetic material circulation device is assembled with the coaxial electric energy transmission device, the solid-liquid composite energetic material 10 can be injected between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode through the energetic material circulation device to form an energetic material discharge gap. The number of the backflow columns is 3, and a cylinder structure which is not airtight is formed between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, so that the solid-liquid composite energetic material can be in direct contact with the rock.
As shown in fig. 2, another shock wave rock breaking device structure with improved electrode structure is disclosed in the embodiment of the invention. Which improves the discharge structure of the discharge gap of the energetic material compared to the device in fig. 1. Specifically, the high-voltage electrode 6 is a threaded high-voltage electrode 14, and the ground electrode 9 is a circular arc-shaped ground electrode 13. The improved electrode structure eliminates a backflow column, and the circular arc-shaped ground electrode 13 is directly arranged on the cylinder wall. Further, the high-voltage pole is replaced with a screw-shaped high-voltage pole 14, the distance between the tip end thereof and the insulating layer being longer. When the device works, the solid-liquid composite energetic material is injected between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, directly contacts with rock and is restrained in the rock hole. During discharging, the high-voltage pole and the circular arc-shaped ground electrode are smooth, so that breakdown cannot occur. And a large number of protrusions exist on the surface of the thread-shaped high-voltage electrode, so that the thread-shaped high-voltage electrode can be broken down with the circular arc-shaped ground electrode to form an electric arc, and the energetic material is detonated. The improved electrode structure device has the advantages that no reflux column structure exists, so that the manufacturing process is greatly simplified, and the production cost is reduced. And the reflux column can bear strong shock waves in the running process of the device, is easy to bend and other physical damages, and can improve the reliability and durability of the device after being cancelled.
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a shock wave rock breaking system, which comprises a shock wave rock breaking device, wherein the shock wave rock breaking device is installed in a hole which is cut on a target rock 15 and has the same size as the shock wave rock breaking device; the high-voltage pole 1 of the shock wave rock breaking device is connected with the three-electrode switch 17 through the coaxial cable 18 and is used for discharging to the energy-containing material gap 19 in the shock wave rock breaking device; the three-electrode switch 17 is connected to the high-voltage pulse capacitor 16.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a shock wave rock breaking method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, a hole with the same size as the shock wave rock breaking device is drilled on a target rock 15, and the shock wave rock breaking device is installed in the hole; the included angle between the hole and the horizontal plane is not smaller than the minimum working angle of the device.
Step 2, filling the solid-liquid composite energetic material into a gap between the high-voltage electrode 6 and the ground electrode 9 through an energetic material injection channel 11 until the high-voltage electrode 6 is submerged to form an energetic material gap 19; whether the energetic material gap 19 is formed is determined by diagnosing the gap capacitance.
step 4, the high-voltage power supply charges the high-voltage pulse capacitor 16 until target energy storage, the capacitor discharges to the gap 19 of the energetic material through the coaxial cable 18 after triggering the three-electrode switch 17, and the energetic material explodes to generate shock waves 20 to crack the rock;
and 6, repeating the steps 2-5 in the same rock hole until the rock reaches the preset fracturing rate.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an electrode gap discharge direct detonation solid-liquid composite energetic material which comprises, by mass, 30-40 parts of nitromethane, 10-30 parts of metal oxide powder and 30-60 parts of aluminum powder.
Wherein, the types of the metal oxide powder include but are not limited to copper oxide, manganese dioxide, ferric oxide and ferroferric oxide, the particle size of the metal oxide powder ranges from 1 mu m to 100 mu m, and the particle size of the aluminum powder ranges from 1 mu m to 100 mu m.
The invention also discloses a method for directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a solid-liquid composite energetic material:
step 101: placing the metal oxide powder and the aluminum powder into a three-dimensional mixing instrument for mixing for 30 minutes to completely and uniformly mix the metal oxide powder and the aluminum powder;
step 102: adding nitromethane into the uniformly mixed metal oxide powder and aluminum powder, and stirring under vacuum condition to completely mix the metal oxide powder and the aluminum powder to obtain a solid-liquid composite energetic material; the temperature of stirring and mixing is 20-40 ℃; the stirring speed is 100 r/min-1000 r/min; the stirring time is 0.5 min-30 min.
Step 2: assembling a solid-liquid composite energetic material between the electrodes:
step 201: a shell is arranged outside the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode to fix the composite energetic material; the high-voltage electrode, the ground electrode and the solid-liquid composite energetic material are coaxially arranged, and the gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is 5-100 mm.
Step 202: adding a solid-liquid composite energetic material into a shell cavity between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode; the housing includes, but is not limited to, rock, concrete, etc. objects that need to be fractured, and also includes metal shells, silicone tubes, etc. to achieve the generation of strong shock waves in air, water, etc.
Step 3: detonating solid-liquid composite energetic material:
step 302: charging the high-voltage pulse capacitor by a high-voltage power supply until the energy storage of the capacitor meets the requirement; the charging voltage of the high-voltage pulse capacitor is 10-50 kV, the capacitance capacity is 0.1-10 mu F, and the energy storage is more than 1000J.
Step 303: the switch is conducted, the high-voltage pulse capacitor injects energy into the gap of the energetic material to form a discharge channel, and the energetic material detonates.
The invention has the structural principle that:
the invention relates to a shock wave rock breaking device based on a method for directly detonating a solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge. In addition, the device can be directly filled with solid-liquid composite energetic materials at the original position after each action, and can generate strong shock waves again after the capacitor discharges, so that the device has extremely high working efficiency.
The shock wave rock breaking device comprises a cylinder wall 3, a high-voltage pole 1 and a reflux column 8. The cylinder wall 3 is arranged on the bracket 4, the front end of the cylinder wall 3 is provided with a grounding terminal 7, the tail end of the cylinder wall is connected with a reflux column 8, and the inside of the cylinder wall is provided with a high-voltage pole 1; the front end of the high-voltage pole 1 is provided with a high-voltage terminal 5, and the tail end is provided with a high-voltage pole 6; an insulating layer 2 is arranged between the high-voltage pole 1 and the cylinder wall 3; the insulating layer 2 comprises a first insulating layer and a first insulating layer, an energetic material injection channel 11 is arranged between the first insulating layer and the cylinder wall 3, and an explosion product guiding channel 12 is arranged between the second insulating layer and the cylinder wall 3. The tail end of the reflux column 8 is provided with a ground electrode 9; the cavity between the high-voltage electrode 6 and the ground electrode 9 is filled with a solid-liquid composite energetic material 10 at the inner side of the reflux column 8.
In another possible embodiment of the present invention, the high-voltage electrode is a threaded high-voltage electrode 14, the ground electrode is a circular arc ground electrode 13, the threaded high-voltage electrode 14 is disposed in the middle of the cavity, and the circular arc ground electrode 13 is disposed at the end of the cylinder wall 3.
The method for directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge is characterized in that the solid-liquid composite energetic material is directly placed between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode to form an energetic material gap, a large amount of energy is injected into the gap in a short time through a pulse power driving source, the energetic material gap is broken down, a discharge channel is formed, and then the solid-liquid composite energetic material is driven to detonate, so that finally, a shock wave with extremely strong amplitude and impulse is generated.
Following the above technical scheme, specific examples of the present invention are given below, and materials used in the following examples are all commercial products.
TABLE 1 mass of each component in solid-liquid composite energetic materials at various ratios
Example 1:
step 1: preparing a solid-liquid composite energetic material:
step 101: placing 1.2g of manganese dioxide powder and 1.8g of aluminum powder into a three-dimensional mixer to be mixed for 30 minutes to be completely and uniformly mixed; wherein the granularity of manganese dioxide ranges from 1 mu m to 50 mu m, and the granularity of aluminum powder ranges from 1 mu m to 50 mu m; the gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is 40mm.
Step 102: adding 1.5g of nitromethane into the manganese dioxide powder and the aluminum powder which are uniformly mixed, and stirring for 30 minutes under vacuum condition to completely mix the manganese dioxide powder and the aluminum powder to obtain a solid-liquid composite energetic material;
step 2: assembling a solid-liquid composite energetic material between the electrodes:
step 201: placing a hollow silicone tube between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode for fixing the position of the solid-liquid composite energetic material;
step 202: adding the solid-liquid composite energetic material into an injector, and injecting the solid-liquid composite energetic material into a hollow silicone tube between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode;
step 3: detonating solid-liquid composite energetic material:
step 301: the high-voltage electrode, the ground electrode and the solid-liquid composite energetic material are integrally immersed in an aqueous medium, and a pressure sensor PCB 138 is arranged at a position 15cm away from the solid-liquid composite energetic material and is used for measuring the amplitude, impulse and energy density of shock waves generated by explosion of the energetic material;
step 302: charging the capacitor by a high-voltage power supply until the energy storage of the capacitor reaches 1200J;
step 303: triggering a three-electrode switch, injecting energy into the gap between the energy-containing materials by the capacitor, and detonating the energy-containing materials.
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that: the type of metal oxide in the solid-liquid composite energetic material is replaced by copper oxide.
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that: the kind of metal oxide in the solid-liquid composite energetic material is replaced by ferric oxide.
Example 4 differs from example 1 in that: the kind of metal oxide in the solid-liquid composite energetic material is replaced by ferroferric oxide.
Experimental test and results comparison:
referring to fig. 4, it can be seen from the discharge waveform of example 1 that after the switch is triggered, the capacitor starts to inject energy into the gap of the energetic material, and the gap of the energetic material maintains a high resistance state for a period of 0 to 5.5 μs, the voltage applied between the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode is extremely high, about 21kV, and a weak current flows through the interior of the energetic material, about 0.8kA. During this time, the internal energy deposition rate of the energetic material is slow and the detonation does not begin.
In the time period of 5.5-10 mu s, breakdown occurs in the energetic material, the voltage between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is rapidly reduced to about 5kV, and the current is rapidly increased to 23kA. On the one hand, the stored energy in the capacitor is deposited rapidly inside the energetic material, causing the temperature of the energetic material in the breakdown channel to rise rapidly. On the other hand, the temperature rise causes the manganese dioxide powder in the solid-liquid composite energetic material to undergo a severe aluminothermic reaction with the aluminum powder, so that the temperature of the energetic material is further raised. The two work together to cause detonation of nitromethane and generate shock waves with extremely strong amplitude and impulse.
And in the time period of 10-30 mu s, a stable discharge channel is formed in the energetic material, and the voltage and current waveforms show synchronous oscillation attenuation until zero. In the process, the capacitor still continuously deposits energy into the discharge channel of the energetic material, and further development of detonation waves in the solid-liquid composite energetic material is maintained until the 1200J energy storage in the capacitor is released.
Referring to table 2, experimental tests are carried out on four kinds of solid-liquid composite energetic materials doped with different kinds of metal oxide powder based on an electrode gap discharge direct detonation solid-liquid composite energetic material method, and energy storage adopted for detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic materials is 1200J, so that experimental results are finally obtained.
TABLE 2 test results of loading of wire-solid-liquid composite energetic materials at various ratios
It can be seen from examples 1 to 4 that the inter-electrode gap discharge can directly detonate a plurality of solid-liquid composite energetic materials doped with different kinds of metal oxide powder, generate shock waves with extremely strong amplitude and impulse, and have certain engineering application value. The principle is that a pulse source injects a large amount of energy into the gap of the energetic material in a short time, so that the gap breaks down and a discharge channel is formed. And the metal oxide and the aluminum powder undergo severe aluminothermic reaction to release a large amount of heat, and the chemical reaction formulas are 3CuO+2Al=3Cu+Al respectively 2 O 3 、4MnO 2 +4Al＝3Mn+2Al 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 +2Al＝2Fe+Al 2 O 3 And (3) carrying out the process of (1) carrying out the process of (2. The synergistic effect of the two materials can lead the solid-liquid composite energetic materialExplosion occurs and propagation and development of detonation waves are maintained.
As can be seen from comparative examples 1 to 4, the impulse and energy density of the shock wave generated by the explosion of the solid-liquid composite energetic material doped with manganese dioxide powder are highest, while the peak value of the shock wave generated by the explosion of the solid-liquid composite energetic material doped with ferric oxide powder is highest. This is due to the different reaction rates between the different kinds of metal oxides and the aluminum powder. Meanwhile, the doping of different kinds of metal oxides has a regulating effect on the shock waves generated by the final explosion. In actual engineering, the formula of the solid-liquid composite energetic material can be adjusted according to the requirement to obtain ideal shock wave peak value, impulse and energy density.
In summary, the invention provides a method for directly detonating a solid-liquid composite energetic material by electrode gap discharge, which can safely and reliably generate shock waves with extremely high amplitude, impulse and energy. The invention tests the shock wave generated by directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material based on the shock wave generating device and the measuring system, and the result shows that the electrode gap discharge can stably detonate the energetic material when the driving source stores energy for more than 1000J. In addition, the solid-liquid composite energetic material adopted by the invention is slurry, has certain fluidity, and can be directly filled between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode through an internal pipeline, thereby greatly improving the shock wave generation efficiency.
Referring to fig. 5-8, in order to achieve the effect of actually generating shock waves by directly detonating the solid-liquid composite energetic material through electrode gap discharge, a solid-liquid composite energetic material load detonating experiment under doping of different metal oxide powders is performed based on a shock wave generating device and a measuring system.
The working process of the shock wave rock breaking device is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, a hole having a size similar to that of the shock wave rock breaking device is first drilled in the target rock 15 using a tool such as a drill bit, and the angle between the drill bit and the horizontal plane is not smaller than the minimum working angle of the device, thereby installing the device in the hole. Taking a pulse discharge period as an example: firstly, filling a solid-liquid composite energetic material into a gap between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode through an energetic material injection channel until the high-voltage electrode is submerged to form an energetic material gap 19, wherein the process can be judged by diagnosing the gap capacitance; then injecting an aqueous medium between the upper liquid surface of the gap of the energetic material and the insulating layer through the explosion product leading-out channel for protecting other components of the shock wave rock breaking device, wherein the aqueous medium does not affect the detonation of the energetic material because the energetic material is insoluble with water and has higher density; then the high-voltage power supply charges the high-voltage pulse capacitor 16 until the target energy is stored, the capacitor discharges to the gap of the energetic material through the coaxial cable 18 after triggering the three-electrode switch 17, and the energetic material explodes to generate strong shock waves 20 to crack the rock; and finally, injecting an aqueous medium into the gap through the explosion product outlet channel, fully mixing the aqueous medium with the explosion product, discharging the aqueous medium into the rock, repeating the process for a plurality of times until the explosion product is completely discharged, and preparing for re-energetic materials in the next discharge period when a gap appears between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode. In practical engineering, the above process can be repeated in the same rock hole until the rock reaches the ideal fracturing rate.
The minimum working angle of the invention is calculated by the following formula, the further theta is equal to the included angle between the device and the horizontal plane, the L is equal to the length of the high-voltage pole exceeding the insulating layer, and the S min Equal to the minimum distance between the interface of the energetic material and the insulating layer, and D is equal to the diameter of the hole. When the device works normally, tan theta is not less than (D/(L-S) min )). When the angle is larger than the angle, the interface of the energetic material can be ensured to exceed the bottom of the high-voltage pole, so that the energetic material can be detonated normally under the action of an electric arc; meanwhile, the interface of the energetic material is not contacted with the insulating layer, so that the insulating layer is prevented from being damaged by explosion.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A shock wave rock breaking method, the method being based on a shock wave rock breaking apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the cylinder wall (3), the cylinder wall (3) is installed on the bracket (4), the front end of the cylinder wall (3) is provided with a grounding terminal (7), the tail end of the cylinder wall is connected with a reflux column (8), and a high-voltage pole (1) is arranged inside the reflux column;
the high-voltage pole comprises a high-voltage pole rod (1), wherein a high-voltage terminal (5) is arranged at the front end of the high-voltage pole rod (1), and a high-voltage pole (6) is arranged at the tail end of the high-voltage pole rod; an insulating layer (2) is arranged between the high-voltage pole (1) and the cylinder wall (3);
a reflux column (8), wherein the tail end of the reflux column (8) is provided with a ground electrode (9); the cavity between the high-voltage electrode (6) and the ground electrode (9) is filled with a solid-liquid composite energetic material (10) at the inner side of the reflux column (8);
characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
step 1, a hole with the same size as a shock wave rock breaking device is drilled on a target rock (15), and the shock wave rock breaking device is installed in the hole;
step 2, filling solid-liquid composite energetic material into a gap between the high-voltage electrode (6) and the ground electrode (9) through an energetic material injection channel (11) until the high-voltage electrode (6) is submerged to form an energetic material gap (19);
step 3, injecting an aqueous medium between the upper liquid surface of the energetic material gap (19) and the insulating layer (2) through the explosion product leading-out channel (12);
step 4, a high-voltage power supply charges a high-voltage pulse capacitor (16) until target energy storage, a capacitor discharges to an energetic material gap (19) through a coaxial cable (18) after triggering a three-electrode switch (17), an arc discharge channel is formed after the energetic material gap is delayed by 0.5-10 microseconds, electric energy is converted into heat energy to be deposited in the energetic material, and explosion occurs to generate shock waves (20) to crack rock;
step 5, injecting an aqueous medium into the gap (19) of the energetic material through the explosive product leading-out channel (12), fully mixing the aqueous medium with the explosive product, discharging the aqueous medium from the rock, repeating the process for a plurality of times until the explosive product is completely discharged, and re-forming a gap between the high-voltage electrode (6) and the ground electrode (9) to prepare for re-energetic material in the next discharge period;
and 6, repeating the steps 2-5 in the same rock hole until the rock reaches the preset fracturing rate.
2. The shock wave rock breaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating layer (2) comprises a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer distributed on both sides of the high voltage pole (1), an energetic material injection channel (11) is formed between the first insulating layer and the cylinder wall (3), and an explosion product leading-out channel (12) is formed between the second insulating layer and the cylinder wall (3).
3. The shock wave rock breaking method according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-voltage pole (6) is a threaded high-voltage pole (14) and the ground electrode (9) is a circular arc-shaped ground electrode (13).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the angle between the hole and the horizontal is not less than the minimum working angle of the device.
5. A shockwave rock breaking method according to claim 1, wherein it is determined whether an energetic material gap (19) is formed by diagnosing the gap capacitance.
6. A shockwave rock breaking system for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by comprising a shockwave rock breaking device mounted in a hole of the same size as the shockwave rock breaking device cut in the target rock (15); the high-voltage pole (1) of the shock wave rock breaking device is connected with the three-electrode switch (17) through the coaxial cable (18) and is used for discharging to the energy-containing material gap (19) in the shock wave rock breaking device; the three-electrode switch (17) is connected with the high-voltage pulse capacitor (16).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210329431.7A CN114658348B (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210329431.7A CN114658348B (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114658348A CN114658348A (en) | 2022-06-24 |
| CN114658348B true CN114658348B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
Family
ID=82033027
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210329431.7A Active CN114658348B (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2022-03-30 | Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114658348B (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6102484A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 2000-08-15 | Applied Geodynamics, Inc. | Controlled foam injection method and means for fragmentation of hard compact rock and concrete |
| EP3620605B1 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2022-08-24 | Sdg, Llc | Pulsed electric rock drilling, fracturing, and crushing methods and apparatus |
| CN111472773B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-12-07 | 西安闪光能源科技有限公司 | Composite liquid rock breaking rod for generating controllable shock waves and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111397457A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-10 | 北京市政路桥股份有限公司 | Disposable sleeve and rock crushing method |
| CN113717017B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-06-07 | 西安交通大学 | Solid-liquid composite energetic material, load structure based on solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method of load structure |
-
2022
- 2022-03-30 CN CN202210329431.7A patent/CN114658348B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114658348A (en) | 2022-06-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105674818B (en) | A kind of electrion drive containing can electrode release energy the method that produces shock wave | |
| RU2139991C1 (en) | Method and device for blasting of hard rocks | |
| RU2138637C1 (en) | Device and method of blasting by means of plasma | |
| US4329925A (en) | Fracturing apparatus | |
| JP3338408B2 (en) | Power shock cell for plasma breakage | |
| MXPA04012723A (en) | Apparatus and method for severing pipe utilizing a multi-point initiation explosive device. | |
| US20110227395A1 (en) | Method of and apparatus for plasma blasting | |
| US10876387B2 (en) | Multi-firing swivel head probe for electro-hydraulic fracturing in down hole fracking applications | |
| CN111472780B (en) | Rock pre-splitting method for mine rock roadway driving working face | |
| CN111397457A (en) | Disposable sleeve and rock crushing method | |
| CN111456801B (en) | Method for permeability-increasing coal seam in drilling holes in top plate and bottom plate of coal seam | |
| CN113717017B (en) | Solid-liquid composite energetic material, load structure based on solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method of load structure | |
| CN114658348B (en) | Shock wave rock breaking device, system and method, solid-liquid composite energetic material and preparation method | |
| Hu et al. | Underwater shock wave generated by exploding wire ignited energetic materials and its applications in reservoir stimulation | |
| US20210116224A1 (en) | Novel Multi-Firing Swivel Head Probe for Electro-Hydraulic Fracturing in Down Hole Fracking Applications | |
| CN111456730B (en) | Method for forming weak protective layer above mine roadway | |
| CN112483000A (en) | Horizontal-hole type high-power shock wave generating device and method | |
| CN111457802A (en) | Method for breaking rock stratum of strip mine | |
| CN109141146B (en) | Safety electric detonator of electromagnetic interference resistant high-voltage discharge plasma ignition device | |
| CN113494282B (en) | Shock wave transmitter applied to oil well blockage removal and oil well blockage removal system | |
| CN112943207B (en) | Control method of shale reservoir stratum multistage pulse methane in-situ combustion-explosion fracturing device | |
| EP0453076A1 (en) | Plasma blasting method | |
| CN115504844B (en) | Gel-like energetic material, preparation method and related system and device | |
| CN111706390B (en) | Method for eliminating rock burst | |
| CN216956382U (en) | Deep well excitation seismic prospecting high energy focus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |