RU2162427C2 - Device for determination of method of escape of submarines from damaged submarine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue equipment for escape of submariners from bottomed submarine; naval submarines, submersible vehicles and other submersible objects. SUBSTANCE: device includes sensors showing pressure in compartment and outside pressure, time sensor and mechanism for connecting it; all they are connected with unit simulating for degree of saturation of organism tissue with nitrogen. Simulation unit is connected with constant magnitude setter of rescue equipment and emergency locks and nitrogen saturation comparator unit which is connected in its turn with unit simulating for escape by buoy-rope and with annunciator. EFFECT: possibility of automatic determination of method of escape. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of rescue equipment for the exit of personnel from nuclear submarines lying on the ground and can be used on submarines of the Navy, underwater shells and other underwater objects.

 A device for determining the mode of exit (decompression) of a diver after being under water, containing a differential pressure sensor and three tissue simulators of nitrogen saturation of the body. [US Patent No. 3463015 of 12/12/66]. Depending on the saturation of the fabric simulators with water, a pressure difference occurs, which is converted into an electrical signal that deflects the arrow of the diver’s ascent indicator.

 The disadvantage of this device is the presence of a tissue simulator, which gives a large error and does not take into account the individual predisposition of the diver to decompression disorders.

 Closest to the proposed device in technical essence is a device for providing a method of decompression of a person in a pressure chamber, containing pressure and time sensors and a unit for modeling the degree of saturation of the body with nitrogen [prototype, French patent N 2379428]. The saturation degree modeling unit works according to the law described by differential equations defining the tissue with the maximum saturation value and the time instant at which this occurs.

 However, decompression according to the law proposed in this method is possible only in special diving pressure chambers, which is not acceptable for accidents on submarines in the sea.

 In case of accidents on a submarine in the sea, self-rescue is carried out by the free ascent method or by way of a buoyp. The choice of exit method depends on the pressure in the submarine compartments and the residence time of the submariners under pressure.

 An object of the invention is the creation of a device that automatically determines the rescue method, depending on external conditions and conditions prevailing in the submarine compartment.

где Pe(t) = 0,79 [0,1 h(t) + 1]; h(t) = V_компр.(h) · t, для t ≅ t_компр.; h(t) = h_вспл. - V_вспл. (h) · [t - t_компр. - t_{экспоз.}, J, для t ≥ t_компр. + t_{экспоз.};
h(t) - текущая глубина, м;
V_компр. (h) - скорость компрессии, зависящая от глубины, м/с;
V_вспл.(h) - скорость всплытия, зависящая от глубины, м/с;
h_вспл. - глубина всплытия (глубина с которой производится спасение), м;
t_компр. - время компресссии, с;
t_{экспоз.} - время экспозиции на глубине всплытия, с;
S_ср - степень насыщения условных тканей организма азотом, кгс/см²;
P_e(t) - текущее значение абсолютного давления, кгс/см².This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for determining the method of exit of submarines from the nuclear submarine, containing a pressure sensor in the compartment, a time sensor and a unit for modeling the degree of saturation of body tissues with nitrogen when the divers exit by free ascent according to the invention further comprises a pressure sensor overboard and a sensor activation mechanism time, which, together with pressure sensors in the compartment and time, are connected to a unit for modeling the degree of saturation of body tissues with nitrogen when the divers exit ohm of free ascent, and the latter is connected to a constant value generator of equipment and gateway devices and to a unit for comparing the degree of saturation of body tissues with nitrogen, which in turn is connected to a unit for simulating the exit mode according to buirep and a scoreboard, while the unit for modeling the degree of saturation of body tissues with nitrogen when the submariners exit by the free ascent method, it is configured to operate according to the law described by the differential equation:

where Pe (t) = 0.79 [0.1 h (t) + 1]; h (t) = V _comp. (h) · t, for t ≅ t _comp. ; h (t) = h _float - V _pop. (h) · [t - t _comp. - t _exposure. , J, for t ≥ t _comp. + t _exposure ;
h (t) - current depth, m;
V _comp. (h) is the compression rate, depending on the depth, m / s;
V _pop (h) is the ascent rate, depending on depth, m / s;
h _pop - ascent depth (depth from which rescue is performed), m;
t _comp. - compression time, s;
t _exposure. - exposure time at the depth of ascent, s;
S _av - the degree of saturation of the conditional tissues of the body with nitrogen, kgf / cm ² ;
P _e (t) - the current value of the absolute pressure, kgf / cm ² .

 The technical result that is obtained by implementing the present invention is to obtain recommendations on the rescue method, depending on the depth and conditions prevailing in the submarine compartment.

 A device for determining the method of exit of submarines from nuclear submarines is shown schematically in Figure 1.

 The device consists of pressure sensors overboard 1 (depth) and pressure in the compartment 2, time sensor 3, including this sensor mechanism 4; a block for modeling the degree of saturation of the conditional tissues of the body with nitrogen when the submariners exit by the free ascent method 5; block comparing the degree of saturation of body tissues 6; a block simulating an exit mode according to buirep 7; a setter of constant equipment values and lock devices 8 (such as rescue equipment, a rescue hatch, a torpedo tube or a wheelhouse) and a display 9.

 The operation of the device to determine the method of exit of submariners from the nuclear submarine is as follows.

The characteristics of the rescue equipment and the gateway devices of the submarine (V _comp. , V _pop. , T _comp. , T _exposure ) are entered into the constant value set of equipment and gateway devices 8.

где P_e(t) = 0,79[0,1 h(t) + 1]; h(t) = V_компр.(h) · t, для t ≅ t_компр.; h(t) = h_вспл. - V_вспл.(h) · [t - t_компр. - t_{экспоз.}], для t ≥ t_компр. + t_{экспоз.};
h(t) - текущая глубина, м;
V_комп. (h) - скорость компрессии, зависящая от глубины, м/с;
V_вспл.(t) - скорость всплытия, зависящая от глубины, м/с;
h_вспл. - глубина всплытия (с которой производится спасение), м;
t_компр. - время компрессии, с;
t_{экспоз.} - время экспозиции на глубине всплытия, с.In the event of an emergency with increasing pressure in the compartment above the set threshold, the mechanism 4 is automatically or manually turned on, which gives a command to turn on the time sensor 3. Pressure sensors 1 and 2 are constantly on. The signals from pressure sensors 1, 2 and time 3 are fed into the block for simulating the degree of saturation of the body with nitrogen when the submariners exit by the free ascent method 5. When exiting by the free ascent method, signals from constant gear unit and gateway devices are also sent to the same block 8. Modeling block the degree of saturation of the body 5 works according to the law described by the differential equation:

where P _e (t) = 0.79 [0.1 h (t) + 1]; h (t) = V _comp. (h) · t, for t ≅ t _comp. ; h (t) = h _float - V _pop. (h) · [t - t _comp. - t _exposure. ], for t ≥ t _comp. + t _exposure ;
h (t) - current depth, m;
V _comp. (h) is the compression rate, depending on the depth, m / s;
V _pop (t) is the ascent rate, depending on depth, m / s;
h _pop - ascent depth (from which rescue is performed), m;
t _comp. - compression time, s;
t _exposure. - exposure time at the depth of ascent, sec.

S _av - the degree of saturation of the conditional tissues of the body with nitrogen, kgf / cm ² ;
P _e (t) - the current value of the absolute pressure, kgf / cm ² .

 In this case, a signal characterizing the value of the level of saturation of the body with nitrogen enters the unit for comparing the degree of saturation of body tissues with nitrogen 6, where it is compared with the value of the limit level of saturation of the body with nitrogen according to the free ascent method. If this value is less than the maximum level of saturation of the organism, a signal “Exit by the SV method from the rescue hatch” or “Exit by the SV method from the torpedo tube” is received on the scoreboard 9; if it is more, the signal enters the block simulating the exit mode according to the buoyrep 7, and then to scoreboard 9 "Exit on the buirep". In addition, the scoreboard 9 receives signals from pressure sensors 1, 2 and time 3, and both the current time and the countdown are recorded, that is, the time remaining until the transition to the "Exit by Buyer" mode is recorded.

 As a pressure meter, a standard marine pressure transmitter type DD-1 can be used with a PP-1 transmitter.

 As a time sensor, an aviation electric clock can be used. Thus, the proposed device consists of standard blocks and sensors, has insignificant weight and size characteristics, is not difficult to manufacture, and convenient to operate.

Claims (1)

A device for determining the exit method of submariners from an emergency submarine, comprising a pressure sensor in the compartment, a time sensor and a unit for modeling the degree of saturation of body tissues with nitrogen when the submariners exit by the free ascent method, characterized in that the device further comprises a pressure sensor overboard and a time sensor activation mechanism which, together with pressure sensors in the compartment and time, are connected to a unit for modeling the degree of saturation of body tissues with nitrogen when the divers exit ascent, and the latter is connected to a constant value generator of equipment and gateway devices and to a unit for comparing the degree of saturation of body tissues with nitrogen, which, in turn, is connected to a unit for simulating the exit mode according to buirep and a scoreboard, while the unit for modeling the degree of saturation of body tissues nitrogen at the exit of submarines by the free ascent method is made with the possibility of working according to the law described by the differential equation

where P _e (t) = 0.79 [0.1h (t) + 1]; h (t) = V _comp. (h) · t, for t ≅ t _comp. ; h (t) = h _float - V _pop. (h) · [t - t _comp. - t _exposure. ], for t ≥ t _comp. + t _exposure ; h (t) is the current depth, mm;
V _comp. (h) depth of compression, m / s;
V _pop (h) is the ascent rate, depending on depth, m / s;
h _pop - ascent depth (depth from which rescue is performed), m;
t _comp. - compression time, s;
t _exposure. - exposure time at the depth of ascent, s;
S _av - the degree of saturation of the conditional tissues of the body with nitrogen, kgf / m ² ;
P _e (t) - the current value of the absolute pressure, kgf / cm ² .