RU2151840C1 - System for automatic trapping and collecting contaminants floating on water surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental control; cleaning water surfaces from oil petroleum products. SUBSTANCE: system includes harbor boom mounted at angle to river flow with intake device mounted at its end; intake device i hydraulically communicated with settling reservoir provided with unit for discharging cleaned water into river. Intake device is provided with water intake opening with float gate valve hermetically connected with harbor boom and mounted for vertical motion and bypassing upper layer of water of preset thickness through water intake opening irrespective of change of water level in river. Discharge unit consists of siphon with intake part located near bottom of settling reservoir and discharge water conduit to which outlet part of siphon is brought. Mouth of discharge water conduit is located at marks which are lower as compared with area of mounting of harbor boom. Capacity of siphon is equal to through capacity of water intake opening of gate valve. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency under conditions of fluctuations in water level; simplified construction of system. 4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and is intended for use in hydraulic structures for cleaning the surface of watercourses from contamination by oil or oil products during the operation of oil pipelines and oil storage facilities.

 A device is known for removing oil from the surface of the water, comprising a floating barrier mounted at an angle to the axis of the river, a spillway with a chamber connected by a channel to a reservoir for collecting oil, and before the spillway, hydraulic resistance elements made in the form of vertical rods are installed below the spillway (author's USSR certificate N 874861, class E 02 B 15/10, published on 10/28/81).

 The disadvantage of this known device is the inefficient operation of the hydraulic resistance elements installed before the spillway to reduce the flow of water into the chamber, which leads to the collection of oil with a large amount of water and the need for additional separation of oil and water, i.e. increases the operating costs of this device due to additional technological operations and the involvement of additional staff.

 It is also known a device for cleaning watercourses from floating pollution, including a fence within the river channel with a through hole, a spur located outside the fence, adjacent to it and installed perpendicular to the direction of flow, a collecting tank communicating through the through hole in the fence with a drain guide a tray having an L-shape and installed with the possibility of vertical movement, and the top of the vertical wall of the tray protrudes above the surface of the water, and for a second through hole located downstream of the aforementioned first through hole (Russian Federation patent N 2026474, class E 02 B 15/04, published 01/10/95).

 The disadvantages of this known device are the ability to place the collection tank only on the concave bank of the river and the low efficiency of water removal from the lower part of the collection tank back to the watercourse due to the low negative pressure that occurs when the main stream flows around the spur and acts outside the fence in the area of the second through hole in it, which reduces the performance and overall performance of the entire device.

 Closest to the present invention from known is a system for automatically capturing and collecting floating on the surface of the river pollution, mainly oil and oil products, containing installed at an angle to the direction of the river flow boom, a receiving device located at the bottom of the river end of the boom, settling a tank hydraulically in communication with the receiving device, and a discharge device for draining treated water from the bottom of the settling tank back to the river below along its course the location of the receiving device (US patent N 3815742, class E 02 B 15/04, published 11.06.74).

 The disadvantages of this known system are caused by inefficient gravity drainage of purified water from the bottom of the settling tank, which reduces the performance and overall system performance, increases its instability when the water surface level fluctuates in the river and makes it necessary to complicate the design of the system by creating an additional settling tank.

 The objective of the present invention is to increase the performance, efficiency and stability of the system for automatically capturing and collecting floating on the surface of the river pollution under conditions of fluctuations in the level of the water surface in the river while simplifying the design of this system.

 The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the system for automatically capturing and collecting pollutants floating on the surface of the river, mainly oil and oil products, containing a boom installed at an angle to the direction of the river flow, a receiving device located at the bottom of the river end of the boom, settles a tank hydraulically in communication with a receiving device, and a discharge device for draining treated water from the bottom of the settling tank back to the river downstream According to the invention, the receiving device is provided with a float gate having a water inlet, hermetically connected to the boom and installed with the possibility of vertical movement and passage through the water inlet, regardless of the change in the level of the surface of the water in the river, of the contaminated upper layer of water of a given thickness, and the discharge device consists of a siphon with an intake part located at the bottom of the settling tank, and a discharge conduit into which the outlet the bottom of the siphon, and the mouth of the outlet conduit is located at marks lower than the marks of the installation site of the boom, and the capacity of the siphon is equal to the capacity of the water inlet of the float gate.

 In this case, the float gate is made with the possibility of controlled change of a given thickness of the contaminated upper layer of water passed through its water inlet.

 The receiving device can be made in the form of a lateral wall of the settling tank facing the river, which is located on the river bank, while the float gate must be installed in the aforementioned opening.

 The receiving device can also be made in the form of a pipe, the intake end of which is brought into the river and is located within the range of possible changes in the water surface level in the river, while the float gate must be installed at the water intake end of the pipe.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows in plan a system for automatically collecting and collecting pollution floating on a river surface with a receiving device in the form of a settling tank located on the river bank having a side opening;
in FIG. 2 - node I in FIG. 1;
in FIG. 3 is a section A-B-B-D in FIG. 1;
in FIG. 4 is a section DD in FIG. 2;
in FIG. 5 - a system for automatically collecting and collecting pollution floating on the surface of the river with a receiving device in the form of a pipe, plan;
in FIG. 6 is a sectional view of EE in FIG. 5.

 The system for automatically collecting and collecting pollution floating on the river surface, mainly oil and oil products, contains a boom 1 (Fig. 1 and 5) installed at an angle to the direction of the river 2.

 The boom 1 can be made in the form of parallel branches (Fig. 1) installed with an offset in the direction of the river 2 and the formation of a passage 3 between them for small vessels and boats.

 To exclude the possibility of the removal of pollution 4 floating on the surface of the river 2, mainly oil and oil products, an additional boom barrier 5 (Fig. 5) may be placed on its shore along the latter, in this case, passage 3 for small vessels and boats should be formed between the upper the flow of the river 2 with the end of the boom 1 and its opposite bank.

 At the bottom of the river 2 ends of the boom 1 is located the receiving device, and on the bank of the river 2 there is a settling tank 6, hydraulically in communication with the receiving device.

 The receiving device is equipped with a float gate 7 having a water inlet 8 and hermetically connected through the plate 9 with a boom 1. The float gate 7 is installed in the receiving device with the possibility of vertical movement and passage through its water inlet 8 of width a, regardless of the change in the level of the water surface in river 2, a contaminated upper layer of water of a given thickness b (Fig. 3 and 4). The float gate 7 can be made with the possibility of controlled change of a given thickness b of the contaminated upper layer of water passed through its water intake hole 8, for example, by connecting the gate 7 with its float part using adjusting screws or by performing the float part of the gate 7 with an adjustable ballasting or de-ballasting buoyancy.

 The receiving device can be made (Fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4) in the form of a side opening 10 facing the river 2 of the wall 11 of the settling tank 6, which is located on the bank of the river 2. At the same time, the float gate 7 must be installed in the opening 10 walls 11 of the settling tank 6.

 The receiving device can also be made (Fig. 5 and 6) in the form of a pipe 12, the water intake end of which is led into river 2 and is located within the range of possible changes in the water surface level in river 2. In this case, the float gate 7 must be installed at the water intake end pipes 12.

 The described system for draining purified water from the lower part of the settling tank 6 back to the river 2 downstream of the receiving device location includes a discharge device, which consists of a siphon 13 with an intake part located at the bottom of the settling tank 6, and a discharge conduit 14, in which the outlet of the siphon 13 is withdrawn. The mouth of the outlet conduit 14 is located at elevations lower than the elevations of the installation site of the boom 1. To ensure the operability of the system, the capacity of the siphon 13 must be avna the throughput of the water inlet 8 of the float gate 7. With small discharge flows of water returned from the settling tank 6 back to the river 2, and a small length of the outlet conduit 14, the latter can be made in the form of a pipe (Fig. 5 and 6), and in In other cases, the discharge conduit 14 is best performed in the form of an open channel (Fig. 1 and 3).

 The system for automatically collecting and collecting floating on the surface of the river pollution, mainly oil and oil products, works as follows.

 In the absence of emissions of pollutants 4 into river 2, the system operates in standby mode: a small amount of water passes through the water inlet 8 of the float gate 7 and enters a settling tank 6, from which it is then taken up by a siphon 13 and then returned back to river 2 through the discharge conduit 14 downstream its course. Due to the float gate 7, as well as the equality of the performance of the siphon 13 and the throughput of the water inlet 8 of the float gate 7, the amount of flow through the system remains almost constant, because with fluctuations in the water level in the river does not change.

 When pollutants 4 are discharged into river 2 upstream, the location of this system is put into operation, for which a boom 1 is installed in river 2 at an angle to the direction of its flow. The magnitude of the angle depends on the speed of the river 2. The impurities 4 floating on the surface of the river 2 held by the boom barrier 1 move along the barrier 1 and accumulate at the receiving device. Through the water inlet 8 of the float gate 7, the contaminants 4, together with a layer of thickness b, drain into the settling tank 6. Contaminants 4, having a density lower than the density of the water, float and accumulate in the upper part of the settling tank 6, and the water is taken by a siphon 13 from the bottom of the settling tank capacity 6 and through the discharge conduit 14 is sent back to the river 2 downstream. In the settling tank 6, water is replaced by contaminants 4 and the latter are collected, because through the water inlet 8 of the float gate 7, the flow of contaminated water with the cross section a x b is taken (Figs. 3 and 4) and its supply to the settling tank 6 with a capacity independent of fluctuations in the water level in the river, and simultaneously from the bottom of the settling tank 6 With a siphon 13 with the same capacity, water purified from contaminants 4 is taken, which is returned to the river 2 through the discharge conduit 14.

 The calculation of the size of the water inlet 8 of the float gate 7 of the specified thickness of the top contaminated water layer and the diameter of the siphon 13 is based on the required system performance.

 The dimensions of the settling tank 6 are selected based on the maximum possible amount of accidental pollution pollution by 4 objects located upstream of the river 2, or based on a time reserve allowing guaranteed and timely emptying of the 4 settling tank 6.

 This system, thanks to a watercourse artificially created parallel to the river with a constant flow and with a given flow rate, provides, regardless of the fluctuation of the water level in the river, without human intervention and without additional energy costs for regulating the operation of the system and pumping out the captured pollution, a productive, efficient and stable collection of floating on the surface pollution, in addition, this system is simple in design and can be used on any open streams. The most efficient use of the proposed system is in areas constrained by the distance from the site of a possible large discharge of toxic and explosive pollution to structures crossing rivers, or to settlements located downstream of the river, where due to time limitations there is no guarantee that other measures will be taken in time to collect pollution.

Claims (4)

 1. A system for automatically collecting and collecting contaminants floating on the surface of the river, mainly oil and oil products, containing a boom installed at an angle to the direction of the river, a receiver located at the bottom of the boom, a settling tank hydraulically connected to the receiver device, and a waste device for draining purified water from the bottom of the settling tank back into the river downstream of the location of the receiving device, I distinguish The receiving device is provided with a float gate having a water inlet, hermetically connected to the boom and installed with the possibility of vertical movement and passage through the water inlet regardless of the change in the level of the water surface in the river of the contaminated upper layer of a given thickness, and the discharge device consists of a siphon with the intake part located at the bottom of the settling tank, and the outlet conduit, into which the outlet part of the siphon is discharged, the mouth of the outlet conduit olozheno at levels lower than the level of the installation location of the boom, and the performance of the siphon is the capacity of water intake holes float gate.  2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the float gate is made with the possibility of controlled change of a given thickness of the contaminated upper layer of water passed through its water inlet.  3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the receiving device is made in the form of a lateral wall of a settling tank facing the river, which is located on the river bank, and the float gate is installed in a rectangular opening.  4. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the receiving device is made in the form of a pipe, the intake end of which is brought into the river and is located within the range of possible changes in the level of the water surface in the river, and the float gate is installed on the water intake end of the pipe.

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