RU2452814C2 - Method to clean headwaters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: method includes accumulation of contaminants in an area of water, their separation from streams and accumulation in a settling tank, water cleaning and discharge of cleaned water into the river. Water is cleaned in the settling tank arranged in the river's loop. The river's loop is separated from its artificial cutoff by a waterproof dam and in the upper river and by a filtering dam in the lower river. The filtering dam is equipped with a flooding sluice. In the settling tank along the length there are transverse, floating, waterproof, movable links installed for water overflow at the river bottom that divide the setting tank into zones. In these zones there are aquatic plants and microbial strains promoting biological treatment of water from different types of contamination.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of headwaters cleaning.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to environmental protection and can be used to clean rivers from pollutants with a density lower than the density of water, in particular from petroleum products.

A known method of cleaning the water surface from oil and liquid petroleum products [1], which is used to clean the surface of artificial reservoirs; sewage treatment plants, rivers, lakes, marshes and seas from pollution in the form of oil and liquid petroleum products in various climatic zones. The method consists in the fact that the surface covered with an oil film is treated with a sorbent, which is proposed to use crushed urea-formaldehyde polystyrene foam, after which the sorbent impregnated with oil or oil is collected, squeezed, for example using squeeze rolls, the pressed oil is disposed of, and the sorbent is sent for subsequent processing. The sorbent crushed into crumbs has the shape of arbitrary volumetric polygons with an equivalent inscribed circle diameter of 5-10 mm.

The disadvantage of this method is that barriers are not installed on the water surface that would ensure that the entire water surface with which they are being cleaned is blocked and thereby contribute to a more efficient collection of pollutants.

A known method of cleaning the surface of the river water from oil [2], which consists in exposing the oil film to sorbents, characterized in that before the specified exposure, near the source of the river’s pollution with oil, downstream, a coastal section having a natural shallow is selected or created artificially, floating long screens are installed on the river with their immersion in the upper layer of water, overlapping the surface of the river in the working position when they are located at an angle to the direction of the river flow, while the ends of the screens laid on one side of the river, is fixed to the shore and spaced from the other side - to the bottom of the river in its middle part, with those and other screens mounted in one direction, wherein the concentrated oil film floating on the shelf where the sorbents are placed.

The disadvantage of this method is the oil pollution of the coastal shallows.

A known system for the automatic collection and collection of pollutants floating on the river surface [3], which contains a boom installed at an angle to the direction of the river flow, at the lower end of the river which is located a receiving device with which a settling tank is hydraulically connected, having a collection device for drainage from the bottom of the treated water back to the river downstream. The receiving device is equipped with a float gate having a water inlet, hermetically connected to the boom and installed with the possibility of vertical movement and passage through the water inlet regardless of the change in the level of the surface of the water in the river of the contaminated upper layer of water of a given thickness. The collection device consists of a siphon with an intake part located at the bottom of the settling tank, and a discharge conduit in which the outlet part of the siphon is discharged. The mouth of the outlet conduit is located at elevations lower than elevations of the installation site of the boom. The capacity of the siphon is equal to the throughput of the water inlet of the gate. The invention provides a productive, efficient and stable collection of pollutants floating on the water surface under conditions of fluctuations in the level of the water surface in the river while simplifying the design of the collecting system.

The disadvantage of the system is the tight connection of the boom with the gate and the need to install a settling tank below the surface of the river, while the discharge of water from the receiving tank occurs downstream.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is a method of cleaning rivers from pollutants [4], including the accumulation of pollutants in the water, separating them from the river’s waters, dividing the separated mass by density, utilizing pollutants and discharging the separated water, characterized in that the accumulation of pollutants in the water area is carried out by installing in the bend of the river at an angle of 20-35 ° to the bank of the ramp, on which a waterproof partition is secured, which ensures water bypass at a depth of about the top layer of water on the river surface is set up, the pollutants are separated from the river waters using a separator installed between the die plate and the shore, mounted on the die plate at an angle of 3-7 ° from the river surface to meet the water flow and inclined at an angle of 3 ° to the storage tank rigidly connected with the die plate and the separator, providing a cut of the upper layer of water and transferring it to the storage tank, from where the liquid is pumped to the density separation device mounted on the battery iruyuschey pollution tank from which, after separation produce discharge separated water piped to the accumulating waters of rivers in the region of the separator, allowing to surface contamination as a surface layer, a contamination supplied to accumulating dirt receptacle which fluidly connected to the conduit for discharging therefrom supernatant water.

To reflect floating objects to the shore, between the ram and the shore, a reflector cable is pulled at an angle of 7-15 ° to the shore and buried in water by 10-20 mm.

The disadvantages of the method are the difficulty of unloading waste from the storage tank, the need for a floating storage tank to receive pollution, which creates a skew plate and a device for separating water by density, which require electricity and maintenance by technical personnel.

The objective of the invention is to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of cleaning, life; the reliability of the devices that implement the method.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that they accumulate pollutants in the water area, separate them from the river’s waters and accumulate in the sump, purify the water and discharge the purified water into the river, moreover, the water is purified in the sump, which is located in the loop of the river, separated from its rectifier artificial channel with a waterproof dam in the upper reaches of the river and a filter dam equipped with a water spillway in the lower reaches of the river, while the length of the sump in the settling tank is transverse to the bottom of the river f, floating, waterproof, mobile lintels, dividing the sump into zones in which aquatic plants and microbial strains are bred, which contribute to the biological purification of water from various types of pollution.

The method of cleaning rivers from pollutants is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a General diagram of a method of cleaning rivers.

Figure 2 presents the die, with a separator, a tank and a submersible pump, top view (Node A).

Figure 3 presents a section of a node a BB.

The following conventions are adopted in the drawings:

1 - river; 2 - straightening channel of the river; 3 - natural channel in the loop of the river; 4 - waterproof dam; 5 - filter dam; 6 - upper spillway in the filter dam; 7 - floating, transverse, waterproof lintels; 8 - floating ram with a partition for bypassing water at the bottom of the river; 9 - storage capacity; 10 - submersible pump, 11 - rib separator; 12 - safety net; 13 - pipeline with valves.

The method of cleaning small rivers is implemented as follows.

In the loop of the river 3, a straightening artificial channel 2 is carried out, along which the lower reaches of the river 1 are directed. The loop of the river 3 and the straightening artificial channel in the upper stream are separated by a waterproof dam 4, and in the lower reaches by a filter dam 5.

The contaminated upper part of the river 1 flow is directed with the help of a floating die 8 into the natural channel of the loop, which is used as a sump, clarifying water from pollution with a density lower than the density of water (oils, oil products, fats, etc.). In the corner of the floating die 8, a corner-shaped accumulating tank 9 is located, having an angle corresponding to the angle of the bend of the die and a volume that ensures the placement of the slurry submersible pump 10 and the inflow of water equal to the pump capacity per unit time (for example, min, hour). The tank has a separator rib 11 for separating the most contaminated layer of water and a safety net 12 to prevent floating objects from entering the pump chamber.

The water purified in the water goes under the bulkhead partition, and the contaminated water is pumped from the storage tank 9 by a slurry submersible pump 10 through a pipe 13 with shut-off valves to a clarifier 3, which uses a natural river bed separated from the straightening channel at the source with a waterproof dam 4 , and in the delta, a filtering dam 5 with a spillway 6, where transverse, floating, waterproof mobile jumpers 7 are located for bypassing water at the bottom of the channel, as well as aquatic plants and strains Germs for biological purification of water from impurities (e.g., oil, phenols and others.). If necessary, floating bridges can move along the old channel.

Biological treatment requires a long time, therefore, the natural channel of the loop is divided along the length of the waterproof jumpers 7 into zones where the water settles and has a speed of 2-3 less than in the river, which ensures a good ascent of the pollution, and the purified water sinks to the bottom and lower the flow passes through a filter dam, which delays suspended particles with a density greater than the density of water, or flows through the upper spillway 6.

The shutoff valves of the pipeline 13 allows you to partially control the flow rate of the submersible pump 10 depending on the seasonal water level in the river 1.

Literature

1. Application of the Russian Federation No. 94025135. The method of cleaning the water surface from oil and liquid petroleum products. / Feklistov V.N., Melnikov V.P., Meliev B.U. C02F 1/28, E02B 15/04. Claim 1994.07.05. Publ. 1997.04.27. Bull. No. 6.

2. RF application No. 96106518. The method of cleaning the surface of the water from oil. / Tsygankov AV., Vasiliev P.N. C02F 1/28. Filed 1996.04.03. Publ. 1998.07.27. Bull. No. 6.

3. RF patent No. 2151840. System for the automatic capture and collection of pollution floating on the surface of the river. / Andreev A.A., Andreev A.A., Lizunov V.A., Mikhalev B.C. E02B 15/04. Filed 1999.09.21. Publ. 06/06/27. Bull. Number 7.

4. RF patent No. 2341619. The method of cleaning small rivers. IPC E02B 15/04. Patent. Senkus V.V., Senkus Vas.V., Senkus Val.V., Popova N.V., Konakova N.I., Stefanyuk B.M. Authors: Senkus V.V., Senkus Vas.V., Senkus Val.V., Popova N.V., Konakova N.I., Stefanyuk B.M. Claim 2006.10.13. Publ. 2008.12.20. Bull. Number 35.

Claims (1)

A method for treating small rivers, including the accumulation of pollutants in the water, separating them from the river and accumulating in the sump, treating the water and discharging the purified water into the river, characterized in that the water is purified in a sump, which is located in a loop of the river, separated from it a straightening artificial channel with a waterproof dam in the upper reaches of the river and a filter dam equipped with a spillway of water in the lower reaches of the river, while in the sump they are installed transverse along the length of the water bypass at the bottom of the river, I float s, waterproof, movable bridges dividing the sump into zones, in which the aquatic plants are bred strains of microbes and promoting the biological purification of water from various types of pollution.

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