RU215109U1 - TANK FOR RECEIVING, STORING AND DISCHARGE OF CRUDE OIL WITH HIGH WATER CONTENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to oil storage facilities and can be used in the oil industry for receiving, storing and dispensing crude oil containing a large amount of water, as well as gas dissolved in oil.

The utility model includes a vertical steel tank with standard equipment, a steam pipeline with internal sectional heaters, oil intake and output pipelines, a water output pipeline, siphon valves, gate valves, sections of oil output pipelines, and a rubber-fabric tank.

Additionally, liquid meters and thermometers are installed on the pipelines of the reservoir for dispensing oil and water, respectively, for each pipeline, one liquid meter and one thermometer, and the oil receiving pipeline is equipped with a liquid meter.

The technical result is achieved by quantitative determination of crude oil accepted into the reservoir, with further separation of oil from water due to sedimentation and the use of internal sectional heaters and subsequent accounting for separately issued volumes of oil and water from the reservoir from the corresponding pipelines.

Also, due to the use of thermometers, disturbances in the operation of pipelines for the issuance of oil and water in the winter season are minimized.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to oil storage facilities, and can be applied in the oil industry for receiving, storing and dispensing crude oil containing a large amount of water, as well as gas dissolved in oil.

Under crude oil is meant a liquid natural fossil mixture of hydrocarbons of a wide physico-chemical composition, which contains water, dissolved gas, mineral salts and mechanical impurities [GOST R 51858 Oil. General specifications. M.: GOSSTANDART, 2002].

Gas dissolved in crude oil forms oil foam, which is a dispersed two-phase system consisting of cells filled with gas and separated by oil films. The density of oil foam can vary over a wide range from 0.5 of the density of a liquid to values close to the density of a gas. The height of the oil foam can reach several meters and depends on the content of dissolved gas in the oil, temperature, pressure, the rate of oil supply to the reservoir, and other factors.

At certain points in time, when the oil level reaches 0.9-0.95% of the tank capacity, oil foam flows through equipment leaks onto the roof and walls of a vertical steel tank (RVS). In this case, material damage is caused to the oil enterprise, the environment is polluted, and the fire hazard of the facility increases.

Known reservoir for receiving, storing and separating crude oil from water [I.A. Elansky, Yu.A. Matveev. Utility model patent No. 62909 dated May 10, 2007].

In this utility model, a tank for dark oil products equipped with heaters is additionally equipped with distribution pipes, siphon taps and a drain pipe. In particular, instead of one dispensing pipe and one siphon cock, three distributing pipes and three siphon cocks are installed vertically at distances corresponding to the rules for constructing vertical, cylindrical, steel tanks for oil and oil products. The recommended nominal bores of the branch pipes are 100, 150, 200 mm. Branch pipes are equipped with valves of the appropriate diameter and pipeline communications.

At the same time, a drainage pipe is welded to the lower part of the tank wall, which is equipped with a valve and a pipeline. Through the pipeline, water, by means of a pump or by gravity, enters a separate reservoir, from where it is then pumped into a special well or container.

Additional siphon valves are designed to determine the water level in the tank. The water level between siphon taps can be determined using a universal device for determining the levels of various liquids in tanks [I.A. Elansky, Yu.A. Matveev et al. Utility Model Patent No. 55971 dated August 27, 2006].

The universal device works as follows.

The cylinder, with the help of a tape measure handle, is lowered into the tank through the measuring hatch, while due to its weight it reaches the oil-water interface. With the help of a load, the cylinder takes a vertical position, while the beginning of the measuring tape coincides with the phase boundary. The determination of the water level is made by subtracting from the value of the base height of the tank the indication obtained on the measuring tape of the tape measure.

Also, the water level can be determined using a device for determining the level of oil, water and ice in vertical ground tanks [A.Yu. Bogdanov, Yu.A. Matveev Patent for utility model No. 201521 dated 12/21/2020].

The device works as follows.

The operator lowers the lot, connected to the measuring tape and the electronic unit, into the tank. In this case, the operator lowers the lot slowly and monitors the fluid resistance readings on the electronic unit. The lot passes through the vapor space, oil and touches the water. The electrical resistivity of oil is much more important than that of water. As the lot descends and reaches the water, the resistance values of the fluids change dramatically. The beginning of the water level is a significant jump (decrease) in the resistance value.

The use of the second and third additional dispensing nozzles together with pipeline communications located above the main distributing nozzle allows solving the problem of more efficient delivery of crude oil from a vertical steel tank for further treatment. The installation of additional distribution and drainage pipes, as well as siphon valves, allows the pumping of crude oil above the water level in a constant mode. Simultaneously with pumping, there will be an accelerated separation of water from crude oil due to the use of internal heaters, as well as drainage of water from the tank using a drain pipe, valve and pipeline communications.

This tank solves the problem of constantly reducing the level of crude oil by pumping oil liquid and water with the help of additional equipment.

The disadvantages of the tank for receiving, storing and separating crude oil from water are

1. The absence of a device that prevents the release of oil foam on the roof and walls of the tank.

2. Absence of liquid meters on the oil intake and output pipelines, as well as on the water output pipeline.

3. Absence of thermometers on oil and water delivery pipelines.

The closest in technical essence of the proposed utility model is a tank for receiving, storing and issuing crude oil containing dissolved gas [Yu.A. Matveev et al. Utility Model Patent No. 74206 dated 06/20/2008].

On the tank, which has inlet and outlet pipes, a pipeline for receiving and discharging oil, gate valves, light and measuring hatches, a ventilation pipe, a breathing valve, a pipeline for draining water, a manhole, internal sectional heaters, siphon valves, an additional vertically installed pipe equipped with a pipeline with a gate valve and a poppet valve, as well as an MP-4 rubber-fabric tank. The rubber-fabric tank is hermetically connected to the pipeline by means of flanges using a gasket and a clamp.

The technical device works as follows.

Through the suction pipe and the corresponding valve, the crude oil with dissolved gas enters the tank.

When crude oil with a high gas content enters the tank, a layer of oil foam of various heights is formed. Given the extremely low density of the foam and the varying heights of the foam layer, it is difficult for the operator to determine when the foam level will exceed the maximum allowable value. The foam, having reached the roof of the tank, lifts the poppet valve and enters the rubber-fabric tank through the pipeline, which is hermetically connected to the pipeline using flanges, gaskets and a clamp. Settling and degassing of oil foam takes place in the tank.

At the same time, hot steam is supplied to the RVS using internal heaters. After that, the drainage valve opens to pump water through the pipeline. Having determined the water level in the tank, the operator opens the necessary valve of the additional dispensing pipe for pumping crude oil through the pipeline.

In the process of dispensing oil, the operator periodically determines the water level in the reservoir and regulates the process of pumping oil using additional and main dispensing nozzles, corresponding valves and pipelines.

Pumping out crude oil, separating and draining water into a separate tank or well can reduce the overall level of oil in the VST, which significantly reduces the likelihood of oil foam being released into the proposed additional equipment. If the foam exceeds the permissible level, it enters the rubber-fabric tank. In this regard, there is no spillage of oil on the roof and walls of the tank.

The disadvantages of the tank for receiving, storing and issuing crude oil containing dissolved gas are

1. Absence of liquid meters on the pipelines for receiving and discharging oil, as well as on the pipeline for dispensing water.

2. Absence of thermometers on oil and water delivery pipelines.

The proposed utility model allows solving the problem of improving the accuracy of quantitative accounting of oil received and issued from the reservoir when receiving crude oil with a high water content in order to further prepare it for the production of commercial oil. Also, this increases the accuracy of quantitative accounting of water when it is issued from the reservoir.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the reservoir includes a pipeline for dispensing water, and liquid meters and thermometers are additionally installed on the pipelines of the reservoir for dispensing oil and water, respectively, for each pipeline, one liquid meter and one thermometer, and the oil intake pipeline is equipped with a liquid meter .

Installation of additional liquid meters and thermometers on pipelines for the issuance (pumping out) of oil and water makes it possible to keep a record of the pumped or drained amount of oil and water from the reservoir on a continuous basis. Also, the installation of thermometers on pipelines makes it possible to keep records of the temperatures of oil and water, which are issued or pumped out from the VST. These indicators are especially important in winter at low ambient temperatures. Equipping the oil receiving pipeline with a liquid meter makes it possible to keep records of the amount of crude oil received into the tank.

These features are essential for solving the problem of the utility model, the technical result of which is to increase the accuracy of the quantitative accounting of oil received and dispensed from the reservoir, as well as water when it is dispensed from the reservoir.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawings (figure 1, figure 2), which show: the tank in section and front view of the sections of the pipeline and the pipeline for oil production with a liquid meter and a thermometer installed.

On the proposed tank 1, which has inlet and outlet pipes 2, a pipeline for receiving oil 3, valves 4, skylights and gauge hatches 5, 6, a ventilation pipe 7, a breather valve 8, a pipeline for discharging water 9, a pipeline for dispensing oil 10, internal sectional heaters 11, siphon valves 12, manhole 13, sections of pipelines for dispensing oil 14, a branch pipe equipped with a pipeline 15 with a valve and a poppet valve, as well as additional equipment is installed on the rubber-fabric tank 16. Additionally, liquid meters 17 and thermometers 18 are installed on the water outlet pipelines 9 and oil 10. In this case, one liquid meter and one thermometer are installed on the water outlet pipeline. Similarly, one liquid meter and one thermometer are installed on the oil production pipeline. Also, a liquid meter 17 is additionally installed on the oil receiving pipeline 3.

It should be noted that the pipeline sections are located at distances of 50 cm from each other.

The utility model works as follows.

The cycle of work includes filling the tank 1, separating oil from water, and also issuing oil and water from the tank.

Through the pipeline for receiving oil 3 and the corresponding valve 4, the liquid meter 17, crude oil 19 with water 20 and dissolved gas enters the tank 1. After filling the tank, the operator turns off the pump and closes the corresponding valve 4 of the pipeline 3. Then the operator determines the amount of liquid from the liquid meter 17 crude oil taken into tank 1.

Upon receipt of crude oil with a high content of gas in the tank, a layer of foam 21 of different heights is formed. The foam, having reached the roof of the tank, raises the poppet valve and enters the rubber-fabric tank 16 through the pipeline 15. In the tank 16, the oil foam is settled and degassed.

At the same time, with the help of internal heaters 11, hot steam is supplied to the RVS. In tank 1, due to different density and elevated temperature, oil 19 is separated from water 20. In this case, water, due to greater density, descends into the lower part of tank 1. Having determined the level of water 20 in the tank with the help of siphon valves 12, the operator opens the necessary valve 4 of the additional distribution pipe 2 for dispensing oil through pipeline 10.

After that, the drainage valve 4 opens to dispense water through the pipeline 9.

In the process of dispensing oil, the operator periodically determines the water level in the tank using a universal device for determining the levels of various liquids in tanks and siphon valves.

After that, the operator regulates the process of pumping oil with the help of sections of the pipeline 14 of the distribution pipes 2, the corresponding valves 4 and the oil delivery pipeline 10.

Pumping out (dispensing) oil, separating and dispensing water into a separate tank or well can reduce the overall level of oil in the VST, which significantly reduces the likelihood of oil foam 21 being released into tank 16. If the foam exceeds the permissible level, it enters the rubber-fabric tank. In this regard, there is no spillage of oil on the roof and walls of the tank.

In the process of issuing with the help of liquid meters 17, a quantitative account is made of the oil and water issued (drained) from the tank 1. Liquid meters allow the operator to quantify the amount of oil and water dispensed from the RVS per hour, shift, day and other time intervals, which increases the accuracy of the quantitative accounting of oil during its intake and delivery, as well as the accuracy of the quantitative accounting of the dispensed water.

The operator has the ability to use liquid meters to determine:

1. The total amount of crude oil accepted into the tank in one cycle.

2. The total amount of oil released from the reservoir in one cycle.

3. The total amount of water dispensed from the tank in one cycle.

In this case, the water cut (presence of water) of the crude oil received in the tank 1 is determined.

The temperature values given out from the oil and water reservoir are especially important in winter. They allow the operator to take additional measures to prevent the failure of the pipeline for the issuance of water due to its freezing. The operator also monitors the condition of the oil production pipeline in order to prevent the precipitation of high-molecular hydrocarbons, paraffins, asphaltenes and other substances.

Additional measures include

1. Increasing the steam temperature in internal sectional heaters.

2. Heating of pipelines with additional steam heating devices.

Claims (1)

A reservoir for receiving, storing and dispensing crude oil with a high water content, including a pipeline for dispensing water, moreover, liquid meters and thermometers are additionally installed on the pipelines of the reservoir for dispensing oil and water, respectively, for each pipeline, one liquid meter and one thermometer, as well as the oil receiving pipeline is equipped with a liquid meter.

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