RU2147650C1 - Multistoried building and method of its erection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: multistoried building has floor structure 3 which divides two stories, and first wall 1 and second wall 2 which are located at angle and are made up of separate components of plate type. Walls converge in dividing space of column type, which is filled with reinforced concrete. Components of walls of plate type are left after filling so as to create parts of hardened form. Each wall 1, 2 is made up at one side of factory-manufactured plates which are separated by internal space, and at other side they are made up of central part. Height of central part is less than height of plates so as to create dividing space of beam type between upper side of central part and upper parts of surrounding plates which protrude above aforesaid upper side. This space is filled with reinforced concrete which together with concrete in column creates monolithic framework including elongated parts from concrete which creates columns and beams respectively which pass at right angles ones with respect to others along axes X, Y, Z of imaginary system of coordinates. Aforesaid invention results in method which allows for erection of homogeneous structure at minimal use of concrete and with same static characteristics as of structure with steel framework. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 6 cl, 18 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of construction, as well as to a multi-storey building.

 Typically, multi-story buildings are constructed in accordance with one of two main methods. In one method, reinforced concrete in the form of slabs is used. Walls and floor structures of the house can be either cast in molds or manufactured at the factory. The combination of reinforcement and poured material between the plates in the floor structures and walls creates the required strength. The design becomes relatively fire resistant and sound absorbing, but, on the other hand, is bulky, heavy and wet. Another way is to build a steel frame in the form of cross-sections of beams and columns. Often the structure is sealed by means of plates, for example, in the form of structural floor plates. Strength can also be enhanced by external or internal walls or by using diagonal struts. For example, from US Pat. No. 4,338,759, E 04 B 2/68, 07/13/82, a multi-storey building is known that includes at least one floor structure that divides two different floors, a row of first walls, each of which consists of two slab type elements separated the first internal space, and a series of second walls extending perpendicular to the first walls, with each second wall comprising two slab type elements separated by a second internal space. A characteristic feature of this method is that steel beams and columns are used to create a more or less self-supporting frame structure, which is then covered with floor or wall plates. The design becomes thin, light and dry, but it is also fire hazardous and soundproof. Theoretically, this frame structural structure can be constructed of concrete columns and beams, but in practice it is very rare, since tolerances, processing, joining, etc. lead to problems that create difficulties for the job producer.

 The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages described above, the methods of building multi-storey buildings, and the creation of a multi-storey building, which combines the lightness of the previously known structural structure with a steel frame with good sound insulation and fire resistance of concrete slab structures, as well as the method of building such a multi-storey building it is possible to build a homogeneous building structure with a minimum consumption of concrete and with the same static characteristics as the structure with steel frame.

 One of the tasks is solved due to the fact that in a well-known multi-storey building, which includes at least one floor structure that separates two different floors, a row of first walls, each of which consists of two elements such as a slab, separated by a first internal space, and a row of second walls extending perpendicular to the first walls, and each second wall includes two elements of the type of plate, separated by a second internal space in accordance with the invention provide that the first and second walls converge g with another in a delimiting space such as a column, which is filled with reinforced concrete in order to form a support column, said slab type elements being left after filling, and they form parts of a hardened casting mold, with each separate first and second wall including at least one wall block, consisting, on the one hand, of factory-made plates divided by the internal space, and, on the other hand, of a central part, the height of which is less than the height of the plates, so that to form a delimiting space such as a beam between the upper side of the central part and the upper parts of the surrounding plates that protrude from the specified upper side, and this space is filled with reinforced concrete, which together with concrete in the columns forms a monolithic frame, including elongated parts of concrete, forming columns and beams respectively, which pass at substantially right angles one relative to the other along the axes X, Y and Z of the imaginary coordinate system, and the fact that the reinforcement of the columns of each bottom the underlying floor is under tension under the action of the corresponding columns of the underlying floor.

 It is advisable to perform the Central part, consisting of many racks, which are separated by internal gaps with the formation of individual compartments. Such compartments may be filled with insulating material.

 It is possible that the racks support the upper block, which forms a pallet for filling the upper beam, and in which there are holes for filling the lower beam in the compartments. In this case, the racks may consist of U-shaped parts.

 Another objective of the invention is solved in that in the known method of constructing a multi-storey building of the type that includes at least one floor structure that separates two different floors, a series of first walls, each of which consists of two elements such as a slab, separated by a first interior space and a series of second walls extending perpendicular to the first walls, each second wall including two slab type elements separated by a second interior space, ensures that the first and second walls converge with each other in a delimiting space such as a column, which is filled with reinforced concrete in order to form a support column, said slab type elements being left after filling, and they form parts of a hardened casting mold, each individual first and second wall being made up of at least one block a wall consisting of, on the one hand, prefabricated plates separated by an internal gap, and on the other hand, of a central part, the height of which is less than the height of the plates, in order to define a delimiting space such as a beam between the upper side of the central part and the upper parts of the surrounding slabs that protrude from the specified upper side, and this space is filled with reinforced concrete, which together with concrete in the columns forms a monolithic frame comprising elongated parts of concrete forming columns and beams, respectively which pass at right angles one relative to the other along the axes X, Y, Z of the imaginary coordinate system, while the reinforcement of the columns of each underlying floor is It stretches under tension under the action of a column of an overlying floor.

The invention is further explained using the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the first, initial stage of building a house using the method in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a similar perspective view showing the second stage of the method;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the third step of the method;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the fourth stage;
FIG. 5 is a partial horizontal section through an angle or junction of two converging walls of a house in accordance with the invention, the figure shows the initial stage before filling;
FIG. 6-8 are vertical sections AA, BB and CC in FIG. eight;
FIG. 9-12 are cuts in accordance with FIG. 5 - 8, which shows the house after filling;
FIG. 13 is a side view showing a wall in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 14 is a cross section of a wall in accordance with FIG. thirteen;
FIG. 15 - 16 are top views showing the wall before filling the upper concrete beam and after filling, respectively;
FIG. 17 is a partial perspective view showing a wall in accordance with FIG. 13-16; and
FIG. 18 is a similar perspective view showing an alternative embodiment of a wall.

 In FIG. 1, position 1 denotes the first wall under construction, which is intended to form the outer wall, while 2 denotes the second wall, which extends perpendicular to the first wall 1 in order to form either the inner wall or the outer end wall of the house under construction. In FIG. 2 3 denotes a floor device which is constructed of separate tiles or tiles 4. Floor device 3 is intended to separate two different floors or apartments, the floor below being indicated by level 5 in the first part of FIG. 2, while the overlying floor is indicated by level 6.

 Each first wall 1 is constructed of at least two plates or elements such as factory-made plates 7, 7 ', which are separated by an internal space or cavity 8. In practice, the plates 7, 7' are parallel to one another and have predominantly approximately the same thickness. The length may vary more significantly, however, in contrast, the height essentially corresponds to a given height of the floors. A plate 7 'for forming a facade surface in accordance with FIG. 1 may advantageously be slightly higher than the inner plate 7. Both plates 7 and 7 'are factory-made, the outer plate 7' being made of weathering and weathering resistant materials, while the inner plate 7 is made of material, which is convenient to use without finishing, or it can be painted or wallpapered, respectively.

 Similarly, the second wall 2 also consists of two essentially parallel plates 9, 9 ′ separated by an internal gap, which are separated by an internal cavity or internal space 10. When the plates 9 and 9 'are intended to form an internal wall, it is advisable that they have one and the same height as clearly shown in FIG. 1.

 In the place where the two walls 1, 2 converge with each other, there is a delimiting space such as a column, as indicated by 11 in FIG. 2, which shows a construction stage in which wall 1 is associated with complementary wall plates 7A and 7A 'constituting a continuation of plates 7 and 7'. In this regard, it should be briefly noted that the outer plates 7 'are located mainly in the longitudinal direction in the form of steps or overlap with respect to the inner plates and are longer than the latter.

 Turning now to FIG. 3 and 4, which show how part of the structure shown in FIG. 2, completed by an additional wall 1 ', and a second floor slab 4'. On the overlying floor, a column of reinforcement 12 'is inserted into the delimiting space such as column 11 at the corners or intersections of each of the first and second walls, the height of which is slightly greater than the height of the wall, as a result of which the overlying parts of the reinforcement will slightly protrude above the floor plane.

In FIG. 5 to 8 show how a large part of the internal cavity between the plates is filled with an insert or a central part 15 ¹ or 15 ^2, respectively. In practice, this part can form the central part of the multilayer element, which is first produced at the factory, the two outer plates of this element being directly connected by a permanent connection to the central part. The central part 15 ¹ , 15 ² can be made of a much lighter material than durable concrete, which forms the supporting structure of the house. The central part of the prefabricated multilayer elements may consist, for example, of lightweight concrete, cellular plastic or other suitable material, the density of which is less than the density of concrete. From FIG. 6 and 7, it can be seen that the central part 15 ¹ , 15 ^{2 of} each multilayer element can have a lower height than the height of the plates 7, 7 'and 9, 9' surrounding it, respectively. Thus, on the upper edges of the elements respectively delimiting spaces are formed in the form of beams 8 'and 10'. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that the plates of the outer walls 7 'in the wall 1 have a longer length than the auxiliary central part 15 ¹ . Thus, when the wall elements are assembled together, end to end, being one continuation of the other, the delimiting space in the form of a column 11 between the ends of the central parts will be preserved, and this space, as shown in FIG. 8, runs along the entire height of a wall or floor. From FIG. 5, it can also be seen that the central portion 15 ² in each transverse wall 2 may be slightly shorter than the surrounding plates 9, 9 ′, whereby the delimiting space in the form of a column 11 takes on a substantially T-shape when the wall elements are assembled. It should also be noted that the beam reinforcement 13 is mounted in the delimiting spaces 8 ′, 10 ′ when they are not filled, as shown in FIG. from 5 to 8. Similarly, the reinforcement of 12 columns is mounted in the delimiting space 11.

 In the first stage of filling, concrete or equivalent material 14 ', having the ability to fill the space and harden in it, fills the space type of the column 11. In FIG. 9 to 12 show how concrete also fills the previously mentioned spaces 8 ', 10', more specifically, concrete is designated 14 ''. It should be obvious that the frame body thus obtained, which forms the supporting structure of the house under construction, has substantially elongated sections such as columns and beams, respectively made of concrete 14 'and 14' ', and these sections extend perpendicular to each other along the X, Y axis , Z of an imaginary coordinate system. Due to the fact that the reinforcement 12 of the column is made so that it protrudes somewhat from the floor plane, a substantially monolithic frame structure is obtained when filling the supporting structure of the concrete frame in the plane of the overlying floor, regardless of the fact that the concrete is filled at different stages separated by time.

 In FIG. 13 to 17 show an embodiment of the invention in which the central part between the two plates 16, 16 ′ includes a plurality of posts 17, which together serve as a support for the upper block 18. The posts, which can mainly consist of thin U-shaped sections separated by internal spaces, this creates separate compartments between adjacent racks. The upper block 18 consists of an elongated flat body, for example, of cellular plastic, which forms a pallet for the upper beam 23, and in which holes 20 are made, and more particularly one hole for each compartment 19. A concrete beam 21 is shown near the lower edge of the formed wall element , which is reinforced with laid reinforcement 22. Concrete is poured into this lower beam 21, which is fed through holes 20 in the upper block. It can be seen how the ends of the reinforcement 22 protrude from the ends of the concrete beam, and more specifically, into the above separation space in the form of a column 11. Similarly, the upper beam 23 is filled with reinforcement 24 laid in the space above the upper block 18, where the wall shown is connected at least with one wall located at an angle, and parts of the reinforcement 24, which protrude directly from the beam body, are connected to each of the simultaneously filled concrete columns. It should be noted here that the finished upper beam 23 can be made in the form of a stage. Therefore, the lower relatively thin part of the beam can be filled at the factory, after which the next layer of concrete is applied over the part of the concrete beam made at the factory, while filling the column of the house in question at the construction site.

 In FIG. 18 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in which the areas between the uprights 17 are filled with sound and / or thermal insulation material, such as lightweight porous concrete, such as foam concrete. Such filling of walls with insulating material can be successfully carried out at a construction site; this means that the transportation of individual wall elements from the factory to the construction site is greatly simplified. The upper side of the filled forms forms a pallet for filling the upper beam 23, which is part of the structure of the concrete frame of the building.

 The advantages of the invention are obvious. By applying the concrete filling process, multi-storey buildings with a very thin supporting frame or skeleton structure can be built at the construction site, and at the same time, the compounds used in already built houses have good fire and sound insulation properties. Concrete consumption on site becomes minimal, as the walls, like the floors, are largely composed of prefabricated elements, and a number of elements, in particular wall elements, as well as floors can be made of lightweight materials, simple and economical during transportation and handling. Using the method in accordance with the invention, complex multi-storey buildings can also be built by using prefabricated elements that serve as parts of the mold into which the structural parts of the concrete frame are poured, without the need for special forms being completely eliminated.

Possible modifications of the invention
Obviously, the invention is not limited solely to those embodiments that are described and shown in the drawings. So, although it is preferable to produce a central thin layer as a component of a single integral part of a prefabricated multilayer element, in order to save, it is possible to insert this layer on a building site into the wall element in question.

Claims (6)

 1. A multi-storey building, including at least one floor structure (3), which separates two different floors (5, 6), a number of first walls (1), each of which consists of two elements of the type of plate (7, 7 ' ), separated by a first internal space (8), and a series of second walls (2) extending perpendicular to the first walls, and each second wall includes two elements of the type of plate (9, 9 '), separated by a second internal space (10), characterized in that the first and second walls converge with each other in a delimiting space such as a column (11), which it is filled with reinforced concrete in order to form a supporting column, and these elements of the type of plate are left after filling, they form parts of the hardened casting mold, with each separate first and second wall (1, 2) comprising at least one wall block, consisting, on the one hand, of prefabricated plates divided by the internal space (7, 7 '; 9, 9'), and, on the other hand, of the central part (15; 17, 18), the height of which is less than the height of the slabs, in order to form a delimiting space such as a beam between the upper side of the central part and the upper parts of the surrounding slabs that protrude from the indicated upper side, this space being filled with reinforced concrete, which together with concrete in columns forms a monolithic frame, including elongated concrete parts, forming columns and beams, respectively, which pass at substantially right angles one relative to the other along the imaginary X, Y and Z axes coordinate system, and the fact that the reinforcement (12 ') of the columns of each underlying floor is under tension under the action of the corresponding column of the underlying floor.  2. A multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that the central part consists of a plurality of racks, which are separated by internal spaces, with the formation of separate compartments (19).  3. A multi-storey building according to claim 2, characterized in that the compartments (19) are filled with insulating material (25).  4. A multi-storey building according to claim 2, characterized in that the uprights (17) support the upper block (18), which forms a pallet for filling the upper beam (23) and in which there are holes (20) for filling the lower beam (21) in compartments.  5. A multi-storey building according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the racks consist of U-shaped parts (17).  6. A method of constructing a multi-storey building of the type that includes at least one floor structure that separates two different floors (5, 6), a series of first walls (1), each of which consists of two elements of the type of slab, separated by the first inner space, and a series of second walls extending perpendicular to the first walls, each second wall comprising two slab type elements separated by a second inner space, characterized in that the first and second walls converge with each other in a delimiting space like columns which is filled with reinforced concrete in order to form a support column, and these elements of the type of plate are left after filling and they form parts of a hardened casting mold, with each individual first and second wall being made up of at least one wall unit, consisting of , on the one hand, from factory-made plates separated by an internal gap, and, on the other hand, from the central part, the height of which is less than the height of the plates, in order to form a delimiting space such as a beam between the upper side of the central part and the upper parts of the surrounding plates that protrude from the specified upper side, and this space is filled with reinforced concrete, which together with concrete in the columns forms a monolithic frame, including elongated parts of concrete, forming columns and beams, respectively, which pass at right angles, one relative to the other, along the axes X, Y, Z of the imaginary coordinate system, and the fact that the reinforcement of the columns of each underlying floor is under tension under the action of the corresponding columns of the overlying floor.

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