RU2128917C1 - Plant for grain drying in fluidized bed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drying of loose materials; applicable, mainly, in farms. SUBSTANCE: the offered plant has body with gas-distributing grate in its lower part and vertical partition located above the grate and connected by means of inclined gas-distributing grate with body wall. Plant body accommodates final drying chamber and chamber for preliminary heating with discharge channel. Grain receiving hopper is connected with bucket elevator. Gas-distributing grate is connected with channel supplying gas heat carrier. Channel inlet is connected with fan pressure branch pipe. Located inside diffuser is gate for regulation of gas heat carrier flow. EFFECT: provision of different operating conditions of plant, multiple drying cycle, qualitative drying of grain, rational consumption of heat and electric power. 4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of drying bulk materials, in particular grain, and can be used mainly in farms to prepare grain for storage.

 Known fluidized bed dryer for bulk materials containing a chamber equipped with a gas distribution grill having overflow thresholds and divided by vertical partitions into sections with individual gas supply ducts. (See USSR author's certificate N 1048273. Fluidized bed dryer for bulk materials. Cl. F 26 B 17/10, 1982). However, such a dryer is complicated in design and manufacture.

 A known installation for drying grain in a fluidized bed, containing devices for loading and unloading grain, as well as a housing with a gas distribution grill and vertical partitions placed above it, forming self-contained chambers, half of which are connected to the channels for supplying a heated gas coolant, and the other half to channels supply of cold gas carrier. (See RF patent N 2052744 C1. Installation for drying grain in a fluidized bed. Cl. F 26 B 17/10, 1993). This installation is taken as a prototype.

 A disadvantage of the known installation is the limited drying cycle of the grain, regardless of the resulting condition, which leads to either overdrying the grain or to reloading and drying it; in this regard, to excessive consumption of heat.

 The task to which the invention is directed is to create a dryer that is easy to manufacture, compact in design, which allows cost-efficient grain drying to be performed.

 The solution of the problem, providing the desired technical result, is as follows. The apparatus for drying grain in a fluidized bed contains a housing with a gas distribution grill in the lower part and a vertical partition placed above it, the latter being connected from above by an inclined gas distribution grill to the wall of the housing, which forms a final drying chamber and a gas outlet box with an adjustment flap and sensors placed on it measuring the moisture content and temperature of the spent heat carrier connected to the adaptive control system of the grain drying process, and on the other hand s preheating chamber with a discharge channel, the bottom of which is adapted to tilt the window overflow grains under the partition to a gas distribution grid final drying chamber, the latter is connected to a receiving hopper grain discharge duct through the overflow weir, located above the upper window boundary. The receiving hopper is connected to the pre-heating chamber by a bucket elevator, which has a flap valve for loading and unloading grain at the outlet. The gas distribution grill of the final drying chamber is connected to the supply channel of the gas coolant, which creates a fluidized bed by flow. The inlet of the gas coolant supply duct is connected to the blower nozzle of the fan, on the suction nozzle of which a diffuser is telescopically mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the output nozzle of the heat generator to control the temperature of the gas coolant, a gas flow control valve is located inside the diffuser.

 The difference of the claimed invention with respect to the analogue adopted for the prototype is that the vertical partition on top is connected by an inclined gas distribution grill to the wall of the housing, forming on one side the final grain drying chamber and a gas outlet box with an adjustment flap located inside it, and on the other, a preliminary chamber heating grain with a drain channel, the bottom of which is tilted into the window overflowing grain onto the gas distribution grid of the final drying chamber, the last connection steam with a receiving hopper of grain by a drain box through an overflow threshold located above the upper boundary of the overflow window, while the receiving hopper is connected to a pre-heating chamber by a bucket elevator with an overflow valve for loading and unloading grain; that the channel for supplying the gas coolant to the gas distribution grill of the final drying chamber at the outlet is connected to the blower nozzle of the fan, on the suction nozzle of which a diffuser is telescopically mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the outlet nozzle of the heat generator to control the temperature of the injected coolant; that a damper is placed inside the diffuser, regulating the flow of gas coolant; that at the outlet of the exhaust duct there are sensors for measuring the moisture content and temperature of the spent coolant connected to an adaptive control system for drying the grain.

 The drawing shows a design diagram of an installation for drying grain in a fluidized bed.

 The design of the apparatus for drying grain in a fluidized bed contains a housing 1 with a gas distribution grill 2 in the lower part and a vertical partition 3 placed above it, connected from above by an inclined gas distribution grill 4 with a wall 5 of the housing 1, forming a final drying chamber 6 and a gas outlet box on one side with an adjustment flap 8 located inside it and sensors for measuring moisture content 9 and temperature 10, connected to the adaptive control system 11, and on the other side of the partition 3 and the grill 4, the camera of the heating unit 12 with a drain channel 13, the bottom of which 14 is inclined to the overflow window 15 under the partition 3 to the gas distribution grid 2 of the chamber 6, the latter being connected to the receiving hopper 16 by the drain box 17 through the overflow threshold 18 located above the upper border of the window 15. Reception the hopper 16 is connected to the preheating chamber 12 with a bucket elevator 19, having an overflow valve 20 at the outlet for loading through the box 21 and unloading grain through the box 22. The gas distribution grid 2 of the chamber 6 is connected to the gas supply channel th coolant 23, whose input is connected with blowing fan nozzle 24 and the suction pipe telescopically installed diffuser 25 with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the outlet nozzle of the heat generator 26 and the diffuser 25 is placed inside the valve 27 regulating the flow of coolant gas.

 Installation for drying grain in a fluidized bed works as follows. Wet grain is poured into the receiving hopper 16. The bucket elevator 19 is turned on, at the output of which the crossover valve 20 is installed to load the preheating chamber 12. Grain from the receiving hopper 16 enters the bucket elevator 19, the latter moves the grain up and bypassing the crossover valve 20 , along the loading box 21 it is poured into the preheating chamber 12 in the housing 1. The fan 24 and the heat generator 26 are turned on. The heated gas coolant through the diffuser 25, bypassing the shutter 27, is pumped by the fan 24 through the channel 23 and the gas distribution grid 2 into the final drying chamber 6. Grain from the chamber 12 through the drain channel 13 along an inclined bottom 14 through the overflow window 15 enters the gas distribution grid 2 and a fluidized bed is created by the gas flow of the coolant, while the grain rises in the chamber 6 to the overflow level threshold 18 and the drain box 17 is poured into the receiving hopper 16, from which the grain is again fed by the bucket elevator 19 to the preheating chamber 12. At the same time, the adjustment flap 8 is in the half-closed position, creating I in that a certain pressure chamber 6, the exhaust gas and the coolant, penetrating through the inclined gas distribution grid 4 into the chamber 12, pre-heats and blows the wet grain, then passes through the vent duct to the filter purification and ejected into the atmosphere. The pressure of the gas coolant flow, determined by the grain flow through the overflow threshold 18 through the drain box 17 to the receiving hopper 16, is regulated by turning the damper 27 in the diffuser 25, which decreases the pressure by closing the passage in the diffuser 25 as the grain is dried, restricting the access of the gas coolant to the fan 24. The sensor 10 measures the temperature in the final drying chamber, its parameters are transmitted to the adaptive control system 11, the latter transmits a command to move the diffuser 25 relative to the output th nozzle of the heat generator 26. If the temperature is insufficient for drying, the diffuser 25 moves on the suction pipe of the fan 24 to the nozzle of the heat generator 26, reducing the access of atmospheric air, and vice versa. The sensor 9 measures the moisture content of the spent gas coolant in the final drying chamber 6, its parameters are transferred to the adaptive control system 11, the latter, as the moisture content decreases, sends a command to reduce the temperature of the gas coolant, which is achieved by moving the diffuser 25 to the fan 24, increasing the distance between the diffuser 25 and the output nozzle of the heat generator 26, while the shutter 27 reduces the clearance in the diffuser 25, and accordingly the pressure of the gas coolant in the chamber 6. Upon reaching When the grain is completely dried, which is determined by the moisture content of the exhaust gas coolant in the final drying chamber 6, the diffuser 25 is maximally distant from the nozzle of the heat generator 26, the latter is turned off, and the adjustment flap 8 in the gas exhaust duct 7 is fully opened. The dried grain in the final drying chamber 6 is blown with cold air and cooled is discharged through the overflow threshold 18 through the drain box 17 to the receiving hopper 16. When the normal temperature in the chamber 6 is reached, the overflow valve 20 at the outlet of the bucket elevator 19 is set to unload grain. Grain from the receiving hopper 16 is moved by a bucket elevator 19 and, bypassing the rocker valve 20, is poured out through the drain box 22. At the end of the unloading from the final drying chamber 6, the fan 24 is turned off, and the bucket elevator 19 and the adaptive control system of the grain drying process 11 are turned off from the receiving hopper 16.

 This installation allows you to set various operating modes, produce a multiple cycle of drying the grain, rationally spend heat and electricity, is simple and compact in design.

 Design documentation has been developed for this installation, a prototype has been manufactured, and a pilot test of the installation's performance has been carried out. It is supposed patenting abroad.

Claims (4)

 1. Installation for drying grain in a fluidized bed, containing a device for loading and unloading grain, a housing with a gas distribution grill in the lower part and a vertical partition placed above it with an overflow window forming chambers, one of which is in communication with a channel for supplying a heated gas coolant, creating a boiling layer, and overflow threshold, characterized in that the vertical partition at the top is connected by an inclined gas distribution grid to the wall of the housing, forming on one side the final drying chamber on and the exhaust duct with an adjustment flap located inside it, and on the other, a grain pre-heating chamber with a drain channel, the bottom of which is tilted into the grain overflow window onto the gas distribution grill of the final drying chamber, the latter is connected to the grain receiving hopper by a drain box through an overflow threshold located above the upper boundary of the overflow window, while the receiving hopper is connected to the pre-heating chamber by a bucket elevator having an overflow valve at the outlet ku and unloading grain.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply channel for the gas coolant and the gas distribution grill of the final drying chamber at the inlet is connected to a blower nozzle of the fan, on the suction nozzle of which a diffuser is mounted telescopically with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the outlet nozzle of the heat generator for temperature control pumped coolant.  3. The installation according to claim 2, characterized in that inside the diffuser there is a gas flow control valve.  4. Installation according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at the inlet of the exhaust duct there are installed sensors for measuring the moisture content and temperature of the spent heat carrier, connected to an adaptive control system for drying the grain.