JP3574692B2 - Method and apparatus for dehumidifying and drying grain - Google Patents

Description

となる。このＱ_５ が再度除湿機１１から吸収される。その結果、

というようにエネルギーが付加されていき、Ｎ回目には、

となり、本発明を採用することにより除湿機１１に吸引される空気は、大気条件は１０℃、９０％であるにもかかわらず、温度１３．５℃、湿度６４．７％の外気を吸い込む場合と同じ運転条件を得ることができ、除湿機の運転時間を大幅に延ばすことができる。また、穀物側に送風する空気も、最終的（Ｎ回目）には温度１６．９℃、湿度５０．２％となり、一回目での条件である温度１３．６℃、湿度６８．５％により乾燥する場合と比較して、乾燥能力が大幅に増大することが分かる。
【００２５】
【発明の効果】
本発明による穀物の除湿乾燥方法及び装置によれば、従来知られた除湿乾燥施設における送風機とビンとの間のダクト部分に機械室側に解放する分岐ダクトを設けるという簡単な改善のみによって、除湿機の運転の効率化及び乾燥能力の向上が可能となり、寒冷地での大型除湿乾燥施設の設置・運営が可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による穀物の除湿乾燥方法及び装置を説明する図。
【符号の説明】
５０…建物、１０…機械室、１１…除湿機、２１…送風機、２５…連絡ダクト、３０…ビン収容室、３１…ビン、Ｑ（Ｑ_１ ，Ｑ_２ ）…外気、Ｑ_３ ，Ｑ_４ …乾燥空気（処理済み空気）、Ｑ_５ …分岐された乾燥空気[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for dehumidifying and drying cereals, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for dehumidifying and drying cereals that are effective when a drying and storing facility for cereals such as a rice center and a country elevator is used in a dehumidifying and drying system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, so-called dehumidifying and drying systems have become widespread in grain drying and storage facilities such as rice centers and country elevators, in addition to conventional thermal drying systems. The thermal drying method has the advantage that the drying speed is faster than raising the blast temperature with a heat source such as a burner, but it is necessary to pay close attention to temperature control in order to obtain high-quality grains. The use of the same bottle for both drying and storage purposes is difficult because the use of very hot air is often used.
[0003]
The dehumidification drying method basically sends air at almost the same temperature as the outside air to the grain.The drying speed is slower than the thermal drying method, but the temperature temperature control is easy and the quality of the grain does not deteriorate. In addition to the advantages, drying and storage can be performed in the same bottle, which is effectively used as a safe and high-quality natural drying method.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the dehumidifying and drying facility is installed in a cold region, the temperature of the outside air tends to be low particularly in the latter half of the harvest, and the drying speed is inevitably reduced. For this reason, there is a possibility that the operating time of the drying facility becomes longer and the running cost becomes higher. Conventionally, it has been said that large-scale dehumidifying and drying facilities are difficult to spread in cold regions.
[0005]
The reason why the drying rate decreases when the outside air temperature is low is that the so-called drying constant decreases, and the rate at which moisture in the grain moves to the grain surface decreases. In addition,
Drying constant K = aexp (-b / T)
a: constant determined by the type of grain b: constant determined by the type of grain T: absolute temperature
In the dehumidifying and drying method, a dehumidifier is used. However, as the temperature of the outside air becomes lower, frost (condensation) easily occurs in the evaporator. Various defrosting methods have been devised to reduce the dehumidifying efficiency when the frost generated in the evaporator expands.However, in the field of grain drying, the blower cannot be stopped each time, and the simplest method is For reasons such as low cost and the like, it is common to temporarily stop the compressor and use the outside air temperature to perform defrosting. However, since dry air cannot be generated while the compressor is stopped, high-humidity outside air is directly blown to the dried grain, and during that time, the phenomenon of humidifying the grain may occur. Furthermore, sending cold nighttime air to the paddy whose grain temperature is rising due to the blowing at a relatively high temperature in the daytime tends to be a factor that lowers the drying speed by cooling the paddy. .
[0007]
Therefore, especially in dehumidifying and drying facilities in cold regions, it may be considered to stop air blowing at night, but the grain must be less than the specified moisture (about 15% for paddy and about 13% for wheat). In order to prevent the deterioration of grains that have not been reduced in moisture even if left untreated, a minimum amount of air must be blown ("minimum air volume ratio for maintaining quality"). Is done. Therefore, when the grain is in a high moisture state, it is not possible to stop blowing for a long time at night.
[0008]
For the reasons described above, the adoption of the dehumidifying and drying method particularly in a cold region increases the time for defrosting as the outside air temperature decreases, and shortens the time during which the dehumidifier operates effectively. There is a tendency. For this reason, although high-quality cereals can be obtained, a limit is imposed on the processing amount during the harvesting period, and it is difficult for a large-scale dehumidifying and drying system to become widespread.
[0009]
In a dry storage facility using a dehumidifier in a cold region, conventionally, an auxiliary heating device has been used as a measure for avoiding such a decrease in the drying loss rate. As a heating device, a heavy oil burner, an electric heater, a hot water boiler, etc. is used.However, in the case of a burner, there is a risk of fire, incomplete combustion, and odor and soot may be attached. There is a risk of occurring. In the case of an electric heater, a large amount of electric power is required, the operating cost increases, and in the case of a hot water boiler, the installation cost increases.
[0010]
In addition, as a measure to extend the operating time of the dehumidifier and to prevent the air temperature from lowering even at night, the so-called “exhaust circulation type” that returns exhaust gas after passing through the grain layer in the bin to the dehumidifier in the drying facility A method has been proposed in which the temperature of the intake air entering the dehumidifier is not reduced even when the outside air temperature decreases at night (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-27478). There are inconveniences such as the need for countermeasures, which is expensive, and the fact that the exhaust gas is usually humid, which may be more disadvantageous than the outside air depending on conditions.
[0011]
Also, in order to extend the operation time of the dehumidifier, a heater is built in the evaporator or the direction of flow of the refrigerant is changed to temporarily transfer the high-temperature refrigerant that normally flows to the condenser to the evaporator. Although the defrosting time is shortened as much as possible by flushing, if the outside air temperature is low, the above-mentioned drying constant K is also low. Few.
[0012]
An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned inconvenience of a dry storage facility for cereals using a dehumidifying and drying method, and to provide a low cost and a large drying loss rate by only slightly improving an existing facility. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for dehumidifying and drying cereals which can be improved and an apparatus therefor.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a dehumidifying / drying method and an apparatus therefor that can efficiently operate a dehumidifier and reduce a defrosting time, particularly in a cold region, especially at night.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method of dehumidifying and drying cereals according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, supplies air in which temperature and humidity are adjusted by a dehumidifier into a bottle by a blower, and removes moisture of the grains stored in the bottle. A method for dehumidifying and drying cereals in which the temperature is adjusted, wherein a part of the adjusted air supplied from the blower is branched and circulated again to the suction side of the dehumidifier, thereby being supplied into the bottle. It is characterized by improving air drying ability. At that time, the purpose can be further achieved by changing and adjusting the branch amount of the treated air in accordance with the dry state of the grains in the bottle.
[0014]
Furthermore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention supplies the air whose temperature and humidity have been adjusted by a dehumidifier into a bottle by a blower, and adjusts the moisture and temperature of the grains stored in the bottle. A dehumidifying and drying apparatus for cereals as described above, wherein at least the dehumidifier and the blower are installed in the same room, and a duct portion between the blower and the bottle has a branch having an opening released into the room. Disclosed is an apparatus for dehumidifying and drying cereals, wherein a duct is provided. By providing a valve device capable of adjusting the flow rate at the opening of the branch duct, and providing a damper means at a portion of the duct upstream of the branch duct, the object can be achieved more.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the method and apparatus for dehumidifying and drying cereals according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a dehumidifying / drying storage facility for carrying out a method for dehumidifying / drying a grain according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 50 denotes a building for accommodating various facilities for drying and storing grain, an outside air intake port 51 is provided on one side, and an exhaust port 52 is provided on the other side. An intermediate wall 53 that divides into the chamber 10 and the bin housing chamber 30 is provided. The machine room is provided with a dehumidifier 11 and a blower 21 in a form to be described later, and the bin accommodation room 30 is provided with a bin 31 capable of accommodating a plurality of (two in this embodiment) grains.
[0016]
The dehumidifier 11 is of a conventionally known form having an evaporator 12, a compressor 13, and a condenser 14 in a casing 15, and an air damper 17 is provided in an upper opening 16 of the casing 15, A part thereof is connected to the suction port 22 of the blower 21. The blower 21 is also a centrifugal blower of a generally known form, and a damper 23 is provided near the discharge port. Further, a communication duct 25 is connected to the discharge port, and the connection duct 25 reaches the inside of the bin housing chamber 30 through the intermediate wall 53 described above. A branch duct 27 having an opening 26 opened into the machine room 10 is provided at a portion of the communication duct 25 located in the machine room 10 and downstream of the damper 23. A valve device 28 capable of adjusting a flow rate is attached near 26.
[0017]
The bottle 31 is the same as a grain drying and storage bottle used in a conventionally known dehumidifying and drying apparatus, and includes a perforated plate 34 provided at a lower portion, an air duct 32 below the perforated plate 34, An air duct damper 33 is provided for supplying air passing through the duct 32 into the bin 31. The communication duct 25 is connected to the air duct 32. In addition, in the figure, 40 is the grain 40 accommodated in the bottle 31.
[0018]
Next, an operation method of this device will be described. After the required amount of grain 40 is stored in the bottle 31, the dehumidifier 11 and the blower 21 are operated. The outside air Q is introduced into the machine room 10 from the outside air intake 51 of the building 50 by the suction force of the blower 21, and is sucked into the dehumidifier 11 from both the evaporator 12 side and the opening 16. Evaporator 12 side outside air Q ₁ sucked from is cooled absolute humidity is lowered to below the dew point in the evaporator 12, is again heated by the condenser 14, the outside air flowing in from the opening 16 of the casing 15 (secondary air) mixed with Q ₂ being absorbed into the blower 21 becomes dry air. Incidentally, the inflow external air Q ₁ by adjusting the air damper 17 can be adjusted to an amount that performs dehumidification efficiently.
[0019]
The dry air Q ₃ (= Q ₁ + Q ₂ ) from the blower 21 passes through the connection duct 25 and the air Q ₄ sent to the air duct 32 side of the bin 31 and the branch duct 27, and from the opening 26 thereof. It is divided into an air Q ₅ fed to the machine room 10. The distribution ratio of air Q ₄ and the air Q _5, by adjusting the damper 23 provided in the discharge opening neighborhood of the blower 21 a valve device 28 provided in the opening of the branch duct 27 can be adjusted to the required value .
[0020]
Dry air Q ₄ sent to the air duct 32 side of the bottle 31 enters the air duct damper 33 into the bin 31, rises while deprives moisture of grain 40 contained therein, is exhausted from the exhaust port 52 . On the other hand, air Q ₅ flowing out into the machine chamber 10 from the branch duct 27 is sucked again dehumidifier 11 side is mixed with ambient air Q flowing from the outside air intake port 51 of the building 50.
[0021]
Assuming now that the coefficient of performance of the dehumidifier 11 is S, the power consumed by the compressor 13 is P ₁ , and the power of the blower 21 is P ₂ , the outside air (Q ₁ , Q ₂ ) is consumed by the compressor 13. and energy S times worth of P _1, in a state where the power P ₂ minutes of energy of the blower 21 has been added, are air to the connecting duct 25 becomes dry air total air volume Q _3. In the course of the drying process, the “minimum air volume ratio for maintaining the quality” according to the water content of the grain 40 in the bottle 31 can be calculated, and based on this, the minimum air volume required for drying the grain 40 can be calculated. Calculate the air volume. Then, the air quantity Q ₄ in which the minimum air volume issued the calculated is sent to the air duct 32 side of the bottle 31 described above, the remaining air volume (Q 3 _{-Q 4)} through the opening of the branch duct 27 which has the 26 is an air Q ₅ fed in the machine chamber 10 from, for opening and closing the relief valve 28 to assume such a ratio.
[0022]
In the grain drying process, in the later stage of the harvest, the moisture content of the grain in the bottle 31 is low because the drying is progressing, and the initial moisture of the harvested grain itself is generally low. Therefore, the air volume Q ₄ minimum required drying if harvest late will be be less (i.e., as the outside air temperature is gradually lowered), as a result, is branched into extra air volume (side branch duct 27 the proportion of Rukazeryou) _{Q 5} increases.
[0023]
Extra air volume Q ₅ emitted from the street branch duct 27 of the valve device 28 is in a state in which energy is added in the dehumidifier 11 and the blower 21 as described above, the dehumidifier 11 once again been mixed with ambient air Q when going sucked, mixed ambient air Q ₁₁ and Q ₂₂ at that time, has become to be elevated temperatures only ΔT than the actual temperature of the outside air Q, and the relative humidity low. The mixture outside air Q ₁₁ and Q ₂₂ is further added energy dehumidifier 11 and the blower 21 is blown into the bottle 31 side.
A case where a dry air is blown to the bottle 31 under the following conditions using a DAG 20000 (15 KW) (manufactured by Yanmar Agricultural Machinery) as the dehumidifier 11 and a DSF80 (55 KW) (manufactured by Yanmar Agricultural Machinery) as the blower 21 will be considered.
[0024]
Condition, using the power supply of 60HZ, the atmospheric condition is 10 ° C, 90%,
Also, the suction air volume on the dehumidifier evaporator side Q ₁ = 480 m ³ / min
Secondary air flow rate of dehumidifier Q ₂ = 520 m ³ / min
Blower generated air volume Q ₃ = 1000 m ³ / min
Drying bin air volume Q ₄ = 200 m ³ / min
Return blower chamber air flow rate Q ₅ = 800 m ³ / min
Then, each temperature and humidity are

It becomes. This Q ₅ is absorbed from the dehumidifier 11 again. as a result,

Energy is added like this, and the Nth time,

The air sucked into the dehumidifier 11 by adopting the present invention is a case where the air is sucked in at a temperature of 13.5 ° C. and a humidity of 64.7% despite the atmospheric conditions of 10 ° C. and 90%. The same operation conditions as those described above can be obtained, and the operation time of the dehumidifier can be greatly extended. In addition, the temperature of the air to be blown to the grain side is finally 16.9 ° C. and humidity 50.2% (N-th time), and the temperature at the first time is 13.6 ° C. and humidity 68.5%. It can be seen that the drying ability is greatly increased as compared with the case of drying.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method and apparatus for dehumidifying and drying grain according to the present invention, dehumidification is achieved only by a simple improvement of providing a branch duct opened to the machine room side in a duct portion between a blower and a bottle in a conventionally known dehumidifying and drying facility. The efficiency of the operation of the machine and the drying capacity can be improved, and the installation and operation of a large-scale dehumidifying and drying facility in a cold region becomes possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method and an apparatus for dehumidifying and drying cereals according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
50 ... building 10 ... machine room, 11 ... dehumidifier, 21 ... blower, 25 ... contact duct, 30 ... bottle accommodating chamber, 31 ... _{bin, Q (Q 1, Q 2} ) ... outside _air, Q 3, _{Q 4} ... dry air (processed air), Q 5 _... branched dry air

Claims (2)

In the dehumidifying and drying method of the cereal, the temperature and humidity of the cereal are adjusted by adjusting the moisture and the temperature of the cereal stored in the bin by supplying the air whose temperature and humidity are adjusted by the dehumidifier to the bin by the blower.
Rutotomoni is circulated to the suction side of the branching off again dehumidifier part of conditioned air supplied from the blower, depending on the dryness of the grain bin, and changes the branching amount of conditioned air, thereby A method for dehumidifying and drying cereals, comprising improving the drying ability of air supplied into the bottle. In a dehumidifying and drying apparatus for cereals, the air whose temperature and humidity have been adjusted by a dehumidifier is supplied into the bin by a blower, and the moisture and temperature of the grains stored in the bin are adjusted.
At least the dehumidifier and the blower are installed in the same room, and a branch portion between the blower and the bin is provided with a branch duct having an opening that opens into the room, and a flow passage is provided in the branch duct opening. An apparatus for dehumidifying and drying cereals, wherein an adjustable valve device is provided, and a damper means is provided in a duct portion upstream of the branch duct .

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