RU212737U1 - Articulated wagon for the carriage of goods - Google Patents

Abstract

An articulated wagon for the carriage of goods. The utility model relates to railway transport, namely to articulated wagons for the carriage of goods. The technical result achieved by the utility model is to increase the reliability, maneuverability and stability of an articulated car for transporting goods while increasing its volume and carrying capacity, providing the possibility of transporting goods, including cars. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that an articulated car for the carriage of goods, containing two sections connected to each other by means of an articulation unit, automatic couplers, sections are installed with their cantilever parts on the extreme undercarriages and in the area of the articulation unit on a common average undercarriage, according to useful model, each section contains a bearing part and is made based on two bogies, while one middle bogie is common to both sections, the car is made with the absence of a common rigid structural element of the sections, while the distance d between the sections of the car is at least (0.15 ÷0.157)⋅(L _in -L _b ), and the ratio of the distance d between the sections of the car to the length of the semi-base of the car L _c is in the range of 0.038÷0.04, where L _b is the length of the base of the car, L _c is the length of the semi-base of the car, L _c - the length of the car without taking into account automatic couplers. 2 w.p. f-ly, 3 figs.

Description

The utility model relates to railway transport, namely to articulated wagons for the carriage of goods.

Articulated cars are cars of various types - articulated freight cars - platforms, articulated freight gondola cars (open cars), articulated freight covered cars, articulated hopper cars, articulated cars - dump trucks (dumpcars), articulated tanks. Common to all articulated cars is that they contain two separate sections based on a common (middle) bogie (see GOST 33211-2014). Sections of an articulated car are interconnected by an articulation unit - a device that transfers forces between adjacent sections of an articulated car and ensures their support on a common bogie (see GOST 33211-2014).

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 206031, a railway car for transporting cars is known, consisting of sections articulated by an articulation unit, each of which contains a frame carrying a cargo body for accommodating cars, extreme undercarriages, automatic couplers, while the sections through the articulation unit rely on a common undercarriage , the cargo bodies of the sections are interconnected by a flexible connection, while the ratio of the car base _Lbv to the distance L _a along the coupling axes of automatic coupling devices is from 0.8 to 0.88, while the distance L _a along the axes of coupling of automatic coupling devices is made in the range from 30000 to 50000 mm; the ratio of the length L _{g of} the flexible connection to the value of the base of the section L _c is from 0.041 to 0.068, while the values of the bases of the section L _c are made in the range from 12000 to 22000 mm, the length L _{g of} the flexible connection is in the range from 500 to 1500 mm.

The disadvantage of the car according to patent No. 206031 is that its geometric dimensions are indefinite, which does not allow predicting its behavior during operation, does not allow determining the possibility of its clear positioning on the tracks, namely: it is impossible to predict, with the declared dimensions, the adhesion of the automatic coupler when passing curves and inclined track sections, and it is also impossible to accurately ensure that the car is within the bounding contour when passing curved track sections. The specified disadvantage of the car according to patent No. 206031 is due to the fact that the parameters of the car are determined, including taking into account the length of the flexible connection. The flexible connection is movable, changing its parameters when the car moves. The length of the flexible connection will change during the movement of the car, while it will change in different ways in sections with different curvature and inclinations.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 185360 for a utility model, a railway car is known, containing a body that includes two sections connected to each other by means of an articulation unit, installed with their cantilever parts on the outer undercarriages and in the area of the articulation unit on a common average undercarriage, while the distance d between body sections does not exceed a value equal to:

d=0.25B-K,

where B is the length of the car base,

K - the length of the console part of the section

The articulated car - platform according to patent No. 185360 is chosen as the closest analogue.

The utility model according to patent No. 185360 eliminated the shortcomings of utility model No. 149541.

The disadvantage of the car according to patent No. 185360 is its unreliability, low maneuverability, due to the rigidity of the structure of the entire articulated car, which makes it difficult for the car to pass sections of the railway tracks on bends (especially if such bends are sharp enough). Articulated car according to patent No. 185360 contains one body, including two sections. But, since the body is one, therefore, both of its sections have common structural elements, or one common structural element (this can be either side longitudinal beams of the body frame, which is an integral part of the body, or flooring or another structural element). In this case, the body (one body) rests on three bogies. The presence of a common structural element that combines both sections into one body determines the rigidity of the structure of the entire articulated car, reduces its maneuverability - the ability to rotate both bearing parts relative to each other. Therefore, when an articulated car passes with bends according to patent No. 185360, damage to the common structural elements of the articulated car in its middle part (at the point of rotation of one section relative to the other) is possible, in addition, the inability to rotate one section relative to the other due to the presence of common structural elements with a significant length of the entire articulated car, it can lead to the derailment of the car when passing sections of railway tracks on bends. In addition, it is known (from GOST 33211-2014) that the articulation device is a device that transmits forces between adjacent sections of an articulated car and ensures their support on a common bogie. If adjacent sections of an articulated car have common structural elements, the articulation device will function inefficiently, since the ability to transfer forces between adjacent elements will be affected by the presence of common structural elements in sections that affect the functioning of the articulation unit. The inefficient functioning of the articulation unit in the car according to patent No. 185360 will reduce the reliability and maneuverability of the car as a whole.

The distance d between the car sections of the closest analogue does not exceed the value equal to: d=0.25B-K, where B is the length of the base of the car, K is the length of the cantilever part of the section.

As follows from figure 1 of the closest analogue, the console part of the section in the utility model according to patent No. 185360 includes, among other things, the protruding part of the coupler.

The applicant believes that the formula d = 0.25B-K, which specifies the geometric parameters of an articulated car, which ensures an increase in the volume and load capacity of the car body in utility model No. 185360, does not reflect the correctness and correctness of the increase in useful volume in the cantilever part of each section of the articulated car, since the reach of the coupler is outside the end beam that limits the body of the car section.

The applicant also believes that the formula d = 0.25B-K, which specifies the geometric parameters of an articulated car, which ensures an increase in the volume and load capacity of the car body in utility model No. 185360, does not reflect the geometric parameters of an articulated car and is not tied to specific values of the length of the car , respectively, may not be applicable to all types of articulated wagons. For example, consider patent No. 206031, in which, by analogy, parameter B will be from 24000 mm to 44000 mm, and parameter K will be 3000 mm.

Then, substituting the values in the formula d = 0.25B-K, we get the value of d in the range from 3000 mm to 8000 mm. Thus, this formula increases the distance between the sections (for example in patent No. 206031 it is in the range from 500 mm to 1500 mm), i.e. does not in any way affect the increase in the useful volume and load capacity of the car. On the contrary, there are losses in carrying capacity in relation to cars with the same length, due to an inappropriate increase in the distance d between sections.

Presumably, the formula d = 0.25B-K can be effective when designing articulated cars for the transportation of bulk and bulk cargoes by the type of hopper cars or gondola cars belonging to group I cars (“Standards for the calculation and design of railway cars of the Ministry of Railways of the 1520 gauge mm (non-self-propelled)”, table 8.2), in which the length along the axes of coupling of automatic couplers is less than 21 m.

When designing cars with a length along the coupling axes of automatic couplers, the formula d = 0.25B-K loses its meaning and has values that increase the length of the train by several times, while this length is inefficient due to underutilization of useful volume due to the increased and unreasonable distance between sections articulated wagon.

The technical problem solved by the proposed utility model is to increase the reliability and maneuverability of an articulated car for the carriage of goods while increasing its volume and carrying capacity; expansion of the arsenal of means (cars) intended for the carriage of goods.

The technical result achieved by the utility model is to increase the reliability, maneuverability and stability of an articulated car for the carriage of goods while increasing its volume and carrying capacity; ensuring the possibility of transporting goods, including cars.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that an articulated car for the carriage of goods, containing two sections connected to each other by means of an articulation unit, automatic couplers, sections are installed with their cantilever parts on the extreme undercarriages and in the area of the articulation unit on a common average undercarriage, according to useful model, each section contains a bearing part and is made based on two bogies, while one middle bogie is common to both sections, the car is made with the absence of a common rigid structural element of the sections, while the distance d between the sections of the car is at least d=(0 ,15÷0.157)⋅(L _in -L _b ), and the ratio of the distance d between the car sections to the length of the semi-base of the car L _c is in the range of 0.038÷0.04.

where L _b is the length of the car base,

L _c - the length of the semi-base of the car,

L _in - the length of the car, excluding automatic couplers.

The bearing part of each section is made in the form of a frame.

The bearing part of each section is made in the form of semi-frames.

The claimed utility model is implemented as follows.

The claimed utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows the claimed articulated car - side view.

In FIG. 2 shows a graph for assessing the patency of the link according to the calculated values along the restrictive contour.

In FIG. 3 shows the interpretation of the curves shown in FIG. 2.

Positions on figures:

1, 2 - sections of an articulated car;

3 - automatic couplers (automatic couplers);

4 - articulation node;

5, 6, 7 - undercarriages of an articulated car;

8 and 9 - bearing parts of sections 1 and 2.

The inventive articulated wagon for the carriage of goods contains two sections 1 and 2, interconnected by means of the joint 4; couplers 3; sections 1 and 2 are installed with their cantilever parts on the extreme undercarriages 4 and 6 and in the area of the joint 4 on a common middle undercarriage 5. Each section 1 and 2 contains a bearing part 8 or 9 and is made based on two carts (5 and 6 or 6 and 7), while one middle trolley 6 is common to both sections 1 and 2; the sections are made with a missing common rigid structural element, while the distance d between sections 1 and 2 of the car is at least d=(0.15÷0.157)⋅(L _in -L _b ), and the ratio of the distance d between the sections of the car to the length of the semi-base wagon L _c is in the range of 0.038÷0.04 where L _b is the length of the base of the car, L _c is the length of the semi-base of the car, L _c is the length of the car without automatic couplers.

It should be noted that the load-bearing parts of cars, including articulated cars, are either frames or half-frames containing a center beam, frontal beams, pivot and cross beams, as well as a load-bearing cargo body. The claimed utility model does not provide information about a specific embodiment of the frame or semi-frames, because any known designs can be used as a frame or semi-frames. The specific design of the frame or semi-frames does not affect the claimed technical result in this utility model.

Since sections 1 and 2 of the articulated car are made independent, independent, with no common rigid structural elements, the functioning of the articulation unit will not be disturbed, which will distribute the force between the sections of the articulated car correctly, in accordance with the calculated predictive values. In addition, since the sections of the articulated car are made with the absence of a common rigid structural element, when passing sections with bends, there will be no structural elements that can be deformed or damaged, therefore, the reliability of the articulated car is increased compared to the closest analogue. In addition, the absence of common structural elements of an articulated car ensures proper maneuverability of the car when passing sections with bends, while the claimed articulated car has increased maneuverability compared to the closest analogue due to the possibility of turning one section relative to another when passing sections with bends.

In the claimed articulated car, the distance d between the sections of one articulated car is determined taking into account the following parameters:

- d=(0.15÷0.157)⋅(L _c -L _b ), where L _b - the length of the car base, L _c - the length of the car, excluding automatic couplers;

- the ratio of the distance d between the sections of the car to the length of the semi-base of the car L _c is in the range of 0.038÷0.04.

The indicated rules for choosing the distance d between the sections were determined by the selection method (in the process of computer simulation) based on ensuring the adhesion of the automatic coupler when passing curves and inclined sections of the tracks.

It should be noted that in order to increase the carrying capacity and volume of an articulated car, they seek, in addition to other possibilities, to reduce the distance between the sections of the car, which will make it possible, using other known possibilities, to increase the overall dimensions of the sections within the same length of the articulated car, thus increasing the volume transported cargo and wagon capacity.

However, along with an increase in the volume and carrying capacity of an articulated car, it is necessary to ensure its proper reliability during operation, because excessive convergence of car sections can lead to incorrect functioning of the articulation unit, which can take excessive loads, which can lead to its breakage or deformation, or the unreliability and incorrect functioning of the articulation unit can lead to an unstable position of the sections on track bends.

Also, if the distance d between the sections of the car is chosen incorrectly, the adhesion of the automatic couplers between the cars may be lost when passing curved track sections, which will also reduce the reliability, stability and maneuverability of the car.

The Applicant, by simulation, based on ensuring the reliable and correct functioning of the articulation unit, it was determined that the distance d between the sections of an articulated car with their independence (the absence of common rigid structural elements) should be determined in accordance with the following:

- d=(0.15÷0.157)⋅(L _c -L _b ), where L _b - the length of the car base, L _c - the length of the car, excluding automatic couplers;

- the ratio of the distance d between the sections of the car to the length of the semi-base of the car L _c is in the range of 0.038÷0.04.

For example, in accordance with the above formula, with L _c = 48400 mm, L _c = 21500 mm, L _b = 43000 mm, the distance d will be in the range from 810 mm to 848 mm.

The choice of the distance d in accordance with the indicated formula is confirmed by the schedule for assessing the passability of the coupler according to the calculated values along the restrictive contour in accordance with the regulatory documentation (GOST 33211-2014 and "Standards for the calculation and design of carriages of the railways of the Ministry of Railways of the 1520 mm gauge (non-self-propelled)").

Subject to the above ratio between d, L _in , L _c and L _b , a balance is ensured in the distribution of loads along the length of sections of an articulated car (including on the cantilever parts, excluding automatic couplers), as well as on the articulation unit, at which loads, the joints perceived by the node will always be within acceptable limits. Also, if the above ratio between d, L _in , L _c and L _b is observed, a reliable and stable position of the articulated car on road bends is ensured, including by maintaining the adhesion of the automatic coupler (see Fig. 2).

The adhesion of the automatic coupler of the claimed car was tested in accordance with GOST 33211-2014. Fig. 2 with curves, in relation to which the quality of the autocoupler of the claimed car was checked, fully corresponds to Fig. 8.2 GOST 33211-2014.

As follows from the explanations on page 38 of GOST 33211-2014, the passage of the link along the curve is ensured if the point with coordinates (α, α') is inside the one formed by the corresponding boundary line and coordinate axes, and is not provided if it is located outside this contour.

In FIG. 2 curves of different colors show the ranges (within the curves) in which the adhesion of various types of cars is ensured (in full accordance with Fig. 8.2 GOST 33211-2014).

The adhesion of the inventive car was tested at L _in =48400 mm, L _c =21500 mm, L _b =43000 mm; d=0.153⋅(L _in -L _b ), the ratio of the distance d between the sections of the car to the length of the semi-base of the car L _c is 0.039.

In FIG. 2 it can be seen that the cohesion of the proposed car does not go beyond the cohesion of cars taken as a standard (see Fig. 3 - explanations of the types of curves shown in Fig. 2).

In FIG. 3, the projected car is understood as the claimed articulated car, which is at the design stage.

As follows from FIG. 2, the inventive articulated car provides proper coupling on curved sections while maintaining the required reliability of the articulation unit in terms of perceived loads and in terms of ensuring a reliable and stable position on the bends of the tracks. At the same time, within the known (rather high) values of the length of an articulated car, the possible distance between the sections is reduced to the maximum, which makes it possible to increase the volume of transported cargo (useful volume) and the carrying capacity of the car up to 11%.

Since the distance d in the claimed car is determined with respect to the rigid parameters of the car (invariable for a particular car design), this allows at the design stage to set the geometric parameters of the car design, ensuring its predictable reliability, stability and maneuverability.

The possibility of predicting the positioning of the proposed wagon on curved sections of the tracks, ensuring its real reliability and stability as close as possible to the calculated one, allows the inventive design of the wagon to be used for any type of cargo, including for the transportation of cars.

Thus, the claimed utility model provides an increase in the reliability and maneuverability of an articulated car for the carriage of goods while increasing its volume and carrying capacity.

Achievable technical results are provided by a common set of features of the distinctive part of the formula of the utility model and are, therefore, in a causal relationship with each other.

Claims (6)

1. An articulated car for the carriage of goods, containing two sections connected to each other by means of an articulation unit, automatic couplers, sections are installed with their cantilever parts on the extreme undercarriages and in the area of the articulation unit on a common average undercarriage, characterized in that each section contains the bearing part and is made based on two bogies, while one middle bogie is common for both sections, while the distance d between the sections of the car is at least (0.15-0.157)⋅(L _in –L _b ), and the distance ratio d between the sections of the car to the length of the semi-base of the car L _c is in the range of 0.038-0.04, where L _b is the length of the base of the articulated car, L _c - the length of the semi-base of the articulated car, L _in - the length of the articulated car, excluding automatic couplers. 2. An articulated car according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing part of each section is made in the form of a frame with a cargo body. 3. An articulated car according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing part of each section is made in the form of semi-frames with a cargo body

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