RU2112367C1 - Method of toxicosis treatment in fishes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pisciculture, toxicology. SUBSTANCE: method involves addition of biologically active substance (vitamin-flavonoid mixture) at amount 0.01-0.1 mg/ 1 l water to an aqueous medium. Fishes are kept in this solution for 10-45 min. Indicated mixture has Saint-John's-wort, wild rose, maize stigmas taken at equal mass ratios. Method can be used for intoxication treatment in fishes caused by toxins polluting an aqueous medium. EFFECT: simplified, suitable, ecologically safe method, decreased cost. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to fisheries, in particular to methods for treating fish poisoning with toxicants that pollute the aquatic environment.

 For the treatment of fish toxicosis, the use of biologically active substances that affect the physiological processes in fish is widely known.

 So, in the treatment of two-year-old carp with signs of chronic toxicosis, a biologically active substance is added to the feed, which is used phenyl-4-anilinopyrramidone-2 in an amount of 50 mg / kg [1]. An improvement in the physiological state was noted after 10-15 days.

 The disadvantage of this method is the high toxicity of the feed (LK50 22.6 mg / l).

 A known method of treating fish toxicosis [2], in which, in a toxicological situation, eggs are treated with a solution of vitamin B12 in an amount of 0.4 - 1.0 mg / l of water for 2 to 6 hours. However, this method is used to stimulate physiological processes in fish by early stages of ontogenesis (eggs, larvae, larvae) and does not involve the processing of juvenile fish.

 Meanwhile, for industrial fish farming, an urgent task is the treatment of toxicosis of both larvae and juvenile fish.

 Closest to the proposed is the prototype method of treating fish toxicosis with a biologically active substance - epin. Epin - phytohormone isolated from plant pollen, has a wide range of effects, including strengthening the immune system of fish. When the larvae and young fish are immersed, their physiological state improves daily for 10 - 45 minutes in its aqueous solution, which allows them to cope with the toxicological situation on their own. The exposure time of fish in an aqueous solution of the drug is chosen depending on the type of aquatic organisms, their age and the degree of accumulation of toxicants [3].

 However, with prolonged use, epin accumulates in the body of fish, which reduces the nutritional quality of fish products and can cause an allergic reaction. Another disadvantage of this method is the insufficiently high rate of elimination of toxicants.

 The proposed method solves the problem of treatment of toxicosis of fish by stimulating the excretory function of the liver, kidneys, gall bladder, by treating the fish with a biologically active substance, which is used as a vitamin-flavonoid mixture that contains perforated St. John's wort, rosehip and corn stigmas.

 The indicated result is achieved by the fact that the larvae or juvenile fish are kept in an aqueous solution of a vitamin-flavonoid mixture in an amount of 0.01 - 0.1 mg per 1 liter of water, and the objects are exposed in the solution for 10 - 45 minutes.

 As the main source of flavonoids, St. John's wort is used, which contains up to 17% of flavonoids in the flowers, and rose hips containing them up to 14.9%.

 The therapeutic effect of flavonoids consists in stimulating the excretory function of the liver, kidneys and gall bladder, increasing vascular permeability, antispasmodic effect on smooth muscles, bile ducts, and ureters. All this helps to eliminate toxicants from the body.

The effect of flavonoids is supplemented by a vitamin complex. The source of vitamins A, F, C, B, E, carotene is rose hip; PP, E, C and carotene are perforated St. John's wort, and corn striae added to the treatment mixture are a source of vitamins C, K, B2, B12, B _c , D and E.

 The complex of vitamins eliminates vitamin B deficiency, which occurs during toxicosis of fish, provides the activity of enzymes in the body that regulate fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The latter eliminates the need to introduce standard premixes into the feed.

 The use of a biologically active substance (BAS) is not an individual substance, but their complex causes a balanced response of various body systems, which increases the body's adaptation to the effects of toxicants that pollute the aquatic environment, and increases the reliability of the method.

 The components of the vitamin-flavonoid mixture: St. John's wort perforated, dogrose and corn stigmas are introduced in equal amounts, since with this quantitative ratio the maximum therapeutic effect is ensured.

 The exposure time of fish in an aqueous solution of biologically active substances was selected 10 - 45 minutes, since this time provides a fairly complete manifestation of the therapeutic effect. An increase in time of more than 45 minutes does not lead to a noticeable increase in the effect of processing the fish with the proposed preparation.

 The method is as follows.

 An aqueous extract of a vitamin-flavonoid mixture is added to a container of water. The concentration of the aqueous solution of the drug is set to 0.1 - 0.01 mg / l (3 - 30 ml / l). Larvae or juvenile fish are placed in a given container and kept in this solution for 10–45 minutes. After this, the fish are removed from the container with the solution and transferred to clean water.

 Example 1

 The experimental and control groups of juvenile sturgeon were placed in clean water tanks with a volume of 60 l, 35 to 37 individuals each. Sturgeon juveniles were selected with a one-dimensional average weight of 154.7 mg, a length of 30.6 mm and a fatty coefficient of 0.54 units. The fish was fed 5 times a day with starter feed pellet CT-07. Chromatographic and atomic absorption analysis of the feed showed the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in the amount of 0.0053 μg / g and included α-HCH 0.0007; γ-HCH 0.0009; o.p.DDE 0.0008; p.p.DDE 0.0005; pp-DDD 0.0016 and DD7 0.0008 μg / g. Of heavy metals (HM), Sr 0.25 was detected in the starting feed; Pb 1.2 and Cd 0.05 μg / g. Chronic intake of OCPs and HM with food into the fish organism leads to disruption of metabolic and energy processes and is accompanied by the accumulation of these toxicants in organs and tissues.

After 10 days, experimental groups of fish were daily placed for 20 to 25 minutes in containers with water, in one of which 0.005 mg / l (1.5 ml / l) of the aqueous extract of the vitamin-flavonoid mixture was previously dissolved, and in the other, 10 ^-7 mg / l alcohol tincture of epin.

 An aqueous extract of the vitamin-flavonoid mixture was prepared in accordance with the official requirements of the state pharmacology of the USSR (Vol. 10). All components were boiled in a water bath for 15-30 minutes at the rate of 10 g / 200 ml of water of each plant.

 The control group was kept in pure water without additives of biologically active substances.

 After 10 days, biological, chromatographic and atomic absorption studies of the experimental and control groups were carried out.

 Examples 2 to 5. Analogously to example 1, experimental fish were fed 10 days with CT-07 food, and then daily for 20-25 minutes they were placed in containers with water, into which a decoction of the vitamin-flavonoid mixture was previously added. The concentration of biologically active substances in the tanks was set, respectively, 0.01; 0.05; 0.1; 0.3 mg / l (3.0; 15.0; 30.0; 60.0 ml / l).

 Analyzes were carried out after 10 days of treatment with the drug.

 The effectiveness of the tested drugs was evaluated by the intensity of excretion of toxicants with feces, as well as their residual amounts in the liver and musculoskeletal (CM) tissue, taking into account indicators of the state of the main functions of the body affected by poisoning. The parameters in the variant with the vitamin-flavonoid mixture were compared with the results obtained in the control variant and in the variant with epin.

 The intensity of the removal of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from the body of young fish was judged by the results of chromatographic analysis of musculoskeletal (CM) tissue, liver, feces of experimental and control fish.

 The results of the analysis are given in table. one.

 Data analysis table. 1 showed the presence of OCP in fish feces in all experimental variants. However, the dynamics of their removal from the body of fish was different and was determined by the specifics of the effect of therapeutic drugs on the body. In control fish, a signal to start the removal of toxicants from the body was their accumulation in the liver. The average OCP removal rate in the control variant was the slowest - 0.289 mcg / kg • day.

 In experimental variants, the active isolation of OCPs from the fish organism was noted immediately, regardless of their content in the liver. Moreover, in all experiments using a vitamin-flavonoid mixture as a biologically active substance, the content of OCPs in fish feces and average rates of OCPs removal from fish organism significantly exceed these values not only of the control, but also of the epin variant.

 Accordingly, the musculoskeletal tissue and liver of fish treated by the proposed method was cleaner by OCP, both the control and the epin variant.

 In this case, the optimal concentrations of an aqueous solution of biologically active substances used in this method are 0.01 - 0.1 mg / L.

 Similarly, atomic absorption studies were carried out to remove the most dangerous heavy metals (TM) from the body of early juveniles of sturgeon: lead (Pb), strontium (Sr) and cadmium (Cd). The results of the analysis are given in table. 2.

 As follows from the table. 2, the average HM excretion rates of the experimental fish groups treated with the vitamin-flavonoid mixture are significantly higher not only in the control group, but also in the experimental fish treated with epin. The removal of heavy metals with feces was a decrease in their content in the meat of experimental fish. Moreover, the musculoskeletal tissue of fish treated with the vitamin-flavonoid mixture was the purest in the studied TM. The most effective were the dosages of the proposed biologically active substances 0.01 - 0.1 mg / L.

 As follows from the above examples, for young fish treated according to the proposed method in a solution of a vitamin-flavonoid mixture, the maximum therapeutic effect was observed at a concentration of biologically active substances of 0.01 - 0.1 mg / L. An increase in the solution concentration of more than 0.1 mg / l did not lead to a noticeable increase in the positive effect of the method. When the concentration of the solution is less than 0.01 mg / l, the method is ineffective.

 Additionally, in fish treated by the proposed method, an improvement in the structural picture of the kidneys, an increase in the permeability of the histo-hematological barriers of this organ in comparison with control or epin-treated fish was noted. Evidence of this was a positive reaction to mucopolysaccharides and the absence of disorders of the vascular system. The latter in the fish groups from the comparison variants were manifested in ruptures of the walls of the capillaries, desquamation of the endothelium and deposition of protein masses in the lumen of the vascular glomeruli.

 As follows from the above examples, the method can be used to grow viable juveniles with sufficient adaptive potential, which will save money on the reproduction of valuable fish species in the factory.

 The method is simple, convenient for use in an industrial environment, economical and environmentally friendly, since it uses a preparation of natural components. The high rate of elimination of toxicants from the fish organism makes it particularly important to use the method in an environmentally unfavorable aquatic environment. The requirements for the method are simplified due to the natural origin of the therapeutic drug used in it, which does not accumulate in the body, does not adversely affect DNA, and does not cause allergic reactions.

Sources of information
1. Auto USSR N 1099423, class A 01 K 61/00.

 2. Auto USSR N 1243667, class A 01 K 61/00, prototype.

 3. The effect of biologically active substances on the development of sturgeon fish. Report of Research, Astrakhan State Technical University, 1995, p. 35 to 44.

Claims (1)

 A method for treating fish toxicosis by keeping them for 10 to 45 minutes in an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance, characterized in that an aqueous extract of a vitamin-flavonoid mixture in an amount of 0.01-1.1 mg per liter of water is used as a biologically active substance, while this mixture contains the flowers of St. John's wort perforated, rose hips, corn stigmas in equal mass ratios.

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