RU2110096C1 - Knowledge testing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electronic education equipment. SUBSTANCE: device has several student boards, transducers of shaft rotation angle to code, unit of two-position detectors, device control board, electric circuit for grade generation, information display, power supply. Electric circuit for grade generation is designed using logical functions for generation of A, B, C and D grades. Logical functions are composed and minimized according to laws of boolean algebra of 6 or other variables which are parts of three complex questions. Question parts are evaluated as 1, 2, 3, 4 or other score. Complex questions are evaluated as 5 other score. Each question part in test list has at least six alternative answers. Accumulated scores are used for indication of grade and reference material for wrong answers in digital indicator. Complexity of question parts depends on initial data which are used in definition of logical functions of electric circuits for calculation of grade. EFFECT: simplified design, increased functional capabilities. 19 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to electronic learning machines. It was developed on the basis of elements of digital computers and can be used in the country's education system to control knowledge and programmed instruction.

 A device for monitoring student knowledge [2], comprising student panels, remote control, response coding unit, response code switch, comparison unit, evaluation unit, response category generation unit, indication unit, class plan image generation and integral evaluation unit, control unit by scanning the image, a unit for recording categories of answers (for example, a color cathode ray tube), recording units (for example, a digital printing device teletype, a tape punch, a tape recorder, a computer), a control panel Nia survey of students, a clock generator. This device is unnecessarily complex, bulky and expensive with limited capabilities for its purpose. And the inclusion of teletypes, tape punchers, tape recorders and computers is not justified at all, since their presence in the device’s kit clearly refutes the advisability of the idea of automating knowledge control and programmed instruction.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of determining student knowledge, to automate the image on a digital indicator by a five-point student knowledge assessment system when posing three complex questions and presenting up to six answers to each of them according to an alternative principle, increasing the reliability of the device and providing it with the ability to test knowledge and programmed instruction both in theory and in solving problems and examples with the maximum number of actions, together with an answer equal to seven, and that also providing the device with an indication of literature to questions (sub-questions) to which the student gave a negative answer. In addition, significantly reduce the cost of one workplace for knowledge control and programmed training by increasing the number of jobs to more than 44.

 To achieve the goal, each of the three difficult questions, evaluated by 5 or a different number of points, is presented in the form of two or another number of component questions (sub-questions), rated at 1, 2, 3, 4 or other points, and an electronic circuit for generating an assessment built according to the priority scheme for the implementation of a higher score relative to the possible indication of subsequent lower scores, which allowed to halve the number of components. In addition, the source of electrical voltage of the device are 6 batteries 3336, forming a voltage of 6 V, and an alternating voltage of 10 V with half-wave rectification, which increases the reliability of the device.

 The unit of on-off sensors used in the device also provides an indication of the number of literature on the ticket for questions (sub-questions) to which the student gave a negative answer.

 The priority of the implementation scheme of an excellent assessment relative to the implementation schemes of subsequent evaluations is that from the output of this circuit an electrical signal is supplied to the coincidence cells of the implementation schemes of good, satisfactory, and unsatisfactory ratings (see inputs "5" in Figs. 13, 14. 15). This signal transfers the transistors of the coincidence cells to the open state, as a result of which the voltage on the collectors of these transistors will be zero, which will not be able to open the transistors of the emitter repeaters, and an excellent rating will be displayed on the digital indicator. If the student does not answer correctly, say, the fourth sub-question, then the implementation scheme for the excellent grade of FIG. 12 will not generate an output signal, but an output signal will form a good grade formation circuit 13. An electrical signal from this circuit is fed to the inputs of the “4” cells of the matching cells of the satisfactory grade formation circuit of FIG. 14 and the coincidence cell of the unsatisfactory rating generating circuit of FIG. 15. As a result, these circuits will not generate an output signal. A good mark will be formed on the digital indicator. Similarly, a satisfactory assessment formation scheme will function when the student, as a result of answering sub-questions, gains the number of points included in the set digital interval (see Fig. 2). As can be seen from FIG. 15, the scheme for generating an unsatisfactory assessment due to the priority construction principle consists only of a coincidence cell with 3 inputs and an emitter follower and generates an output signal when the output signals of the excellent, good, and satisfactory evaluation circuits are zero, when the student answers unsatisfactorily to the sub-questions. If the scheme for generating an unsatisfactory assessment would be constructed by analogy with the construction of schemes for generating positive assessments, then it would be unreasonably complex, since the function for implementing an unsatisfactory assessment contains 31 logical expressions, which is equal to the total number of terms of the functions of excellent, good, and satisfactory evaluations.

 The output voltages from the excellent, good, satisfactory, and unsatisfactory ratings forming circuits are supplied to the implementation decoder on seven-segment digital rating indicators (see Fig. 17). The decoder is designed for a digital indicator that indicates the rating on the control panel and a large digital indicator that indicates the rating on the board and has two incandescent lamps to illuminate each segment. The numbers of incandescent lamps correspond to the numbers of segments of digital indicators. Incandescent lamps of zero number (NO and 1 NO) indicate "Prepare and retake" on the control panel and the board. The device is designed for more than 44 jobs.

 The author mounted and debugged in a portable version a knowledge control device for 36 workplaces of this design, which confirms the correctness of design decisions.

 In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a knowledge control device; in FIG. 2 - a knowledge control device in the form of a separate table; in FIG. 3 - student's console (in Fig. 2 they are depicted in the form of 44 squares); in FIG. 4 - a converter of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code (in Fig. 2 they are depicted in the form of 44 circles); in FIG. 5 is a diagram of a student’s remote control; in FIG. 6 - slider of the student’s remote control; in FIG. 7 - code scale of the converter; in FIG. 8 - disk primary reading elements of the Converter; in FIG. 9 - disk secondary reading elements of the Converter; in FIG. 10 -principal scheme of connecting student panels and transducers to the block of on-off sensors; in FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a two-position sensor; in FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the formation of an excellent mark; in FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the formation of a good grade; in FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the formation of a satisfactory rating; in FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the formation of a poor rating; in FIG. 16 is a diagram of a connecting supply voltage to the nodes of the device; in FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a decoder implementation on digital indicators indicators; in FIG. 18 - scoreboard; in FIG. 19 - power source of the device.

 The initial data and the mathematical justification of the building control device are as follows.

 For the design of a knowledge control device, the following was adopted for the initial data.

 1. As an option, the student poses 6 sub-questions on the ticket (3 questions, each of which is divided into 2 sub-questions), designated X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6. Sub-questions X1, X2 form the first question; X3, X4 - the second question; X5, X6 is the third question.

 2. All three questions are rated at 5 points each.

 3. The sub-questions are evaluated: X1 - one point; X2 - four points; X3 - two points; X4 - three points; X5 - two points; X6 - three points. This reflection in FIG. 2.

 4. On the digital indicator of the control panel of the device and the scoreboard, the excellent mark "5" is indicated when the student scores 15 points as a result of the answer, i.e. answer all questions (sub-questions). The device indicates a good mark "4" when the student as a result of the answer picks up the number of points, which is in the digital range of 12-14 points. A satisfactory rating of "3" is indicated by the device when the student scores the number of points as a result of the answer, which is in the digital range of 8-11 points. An unsatisfactory rating of "2" the device indicates when the student as a result of the answer scores the number of points, which is in the digital range of 0-7 points.

 5. The ticket for each sub-question posed gives an alternative principle of 6 answers, among which there is (or not) one correct answer. The device allows you to adjust the complexity of the sub-questions as their different assessment, so with a different number of alternative answers. To do this, the ticket (checklist) will give answers from four, five and six alternative options.

 Based on these data, we determine the possible combinations of answers and find the implementation functions of excellent, good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory ratings. The resulting non-optimal functions are minimized according to the rules of the algebra of logic.

Excellent grade function "5" implements the logical operation of coincidence and six independent variables
"5" = X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
We determine the function of implementing a good grade of "4" by extracting from the possible positive answers that are in the set digital range of 12-14 points by the number of points, and using the rules of logic algebra, we minimize the resulting function
Thus, the function of realizing a good estimate contains the following expression:
"4" = X2 X4 X6 / X3 + X5 / + X1 X2 X3 X5 / X4 + X6 /
We determine the satisfactory implementation function from the possible positive answers, each of which falls into the accepted digital range of 8-11 points by the number of points, and, using the rules of the algebra of logic, we minimize the resulting function.

Thus, a satisfactory estimate is realized by the function
"3" = X1 X3 X5 / X4 + X6 / + X4 X6 / X3 + X5 / + X2 X4 / X1 + X3 + X5 / + X2 X6 / X1 + X3 + X4 + X5 / + X2 X3 X5
An unsatisfactory rating is realized when the implementation functions of the excellent, good, and satisfactory ratings are zero
"2" = "3""4""5"
The knowledge control device is designed to organize the programmed learning process in secondary and higher educational institutions by monitoring and self-monitoring knowledge by posing a student with six sub-questions (three questions, two sub-questions each) and presenting six alternative answers to each sub-question, among which there is (or not) one correct answer. The device is also intended to test students' skills in solving problems and examples with a maximum number of mathematical actions equal to seven. In addition, the device is designed to determine the sources of knowledge for sub-questions to which students are given negative answers.

 The knowledge control device allows conducting systemic control of the educational process. For 20-25 minutes, the teacher will control the assimilation of the passed material of 44 students. If necessary, the device’s capabilities can easily be expanded to 55 or more student panels and converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code without changing the main components. The device is designed in such a way that it displays the student’s number (workplace number) using digital indicators on the scoreboard, a five-point rating system, which is also displayed on the control panel of the device. The device indicates the correctness of the answer to the sub-question, as well as the number of literature for the ticket that the student needs to study, to which they were given a negative answer. In addition, if the student received a poor grade, the indicator lights on the control panel and the control panel will light up to indicate that the student needs to prepare for the retake. Student panels provide an opportunity for an alternative choice of the posed questions to the correct answer from six data for each sub-question. The complexity of the sub-questions, in addition to the accepted different assessment of the number of points for the answer to a specific sub-question, is also regulated by the number of alternative answers from the four, five and six possible options indicated on the ticket (checklist). The device can be used during a lecture, as well as during self-training for self-control. On the control panel of the device, the number of the workplace (student number) is determined by the position of the handles of small-sized wrench switches SA1 and SA2 11P1N, 5P2N for 11 positions one direction 4 biscuits and 5 positions 2 directions 4 biscuits, respectively.

 The device and principle of operation of the knowledge control device is as follows.

 Structurally, the knowledge control device can be manufactured in two versions. According to the first option, in the form of a separate table, when more than 44 student panels and more than 44 converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code are installed on the teacher’s table in figure 2. The student’s desks of the same name in FIG. 3 and the converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft to the code of FIG. 4 are interconnected in pairs and each pair forms 6 coincidence patterns And that display 6 sub-questions. Each 6 coincidence patterns And consist of a converter of the rotation angle of the shaft into a code that the teacher sets code combinations in accordance with the correct answers, and the student’s console, on which the student answers in accordance with the knowledge of the material being studied by choosing alternative options to the sub-questions posed. In addition to student consoles and converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code, the instructor’s control panel is located on the teacher’s desk, consisting of a digital indicator, an indicator of assessment, two shift knobs, two wrench switches to 11 positions 4 boards and 5 positions 4 boards SA1, SA2, 6 indicators of light signaling, signaling "Answers to questions", 6 indicators of light signaling, signaling "Study literature for the ticket", indicator, signaling "Prepare and retake", button "Assessment" of switching of small tax aritic twin button switch SB2, buttons "Explore" switch small-sized twin button button SB1, button "Network" switch button P2K SB9, button "Theory-Task" switch button P2K SB3, toggle switch U10B-B3336 9B, buttons 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 push-button switches P2K SB4, SB5, SB6, SB7, SB8, respectively.

The dimensions of the table, as an example, can be as follows, mm:
table length - 1200
width - 600
height - 720
the width of the "wings" - 160
"Wings" are attached to the table for the first embodiment of the knowledge control device.

 The second embodiment of the knowledge control device is that the student's consoles and the shaft angle converters in the code are installed on the students' desks (desks). Every 11 student consoles with simultaneously connected in series converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code are connected to the block of on-off sensors by six wires through the switch SA2 (figure 10). In addition, a potential line of one wire from the Ek switch SA3 and SB1 or SB2 and SA1, SA2 is supplied to the code for each student’s desk through the central control pin 7 (Fig. 9) of the shaft angle converter. Regardless of the embodiment, the knowledge control device has a block of on-off sensors, an assessment forming unit, an electrical circuit board, a power source, a control panel and a control panel. The board is attached to the table with a hinged support with the fixation in the vertical position of its own board. The lower edge of the board has a distance from the table surface of 600 mm.

 In FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the device, where 1 is several student panels connected in pairs according to matching schemes with the corresponding number of shaft angle converters to code 1, 3 is the control panel of the device, 4 is a block of on-off sensors; to which matching schemes consisting of the same name are connected student remotes and converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code, 5 - scoreboard, 6 - electrical circuit for forming grades, 7 - power sources.

 The block diagram of FIG. 1 knowledge control device consists of the following components: more than 44 student panels, more than 44 shaft angle to code converters, on-off sensors, the instrument’s control panel, the electrical circuit unit for forming ratings, a scoreboard, and a power source.

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows the student’s console, which is a square flat design, in the cover of which there are six guide cutouts, within which six sliders can be moved into the cutouts (Fig. 6), making contacts with the potential bus of the student’s console. The sliders are numbered in circles from 1 to 6. When answering the questions posed, the student sets each slider to one of six numbered positions. According to Fig. 3, at 21 workplaces for students on the 1st sub-question, the slider is set to the 5th position, i.e. students are identified as the answer to the 5th alternative. The 2nd sub-question is the 3rd alternative, the 3rd sub-question is the 4th alternative, the 4th sub-question is the 2nd alternative, the 5th sub-question is the 4th alternative, 6 2nd sub-question - 6 alternative. In this case, the sliders can close the potential bus with 36 different contacts (each of the 6 sliders can close the potential bus with 6 contacts), which are electrically connected to the corresponding contacts of the code scale of the rotary shaft angle converter in the code of Fig. 4. In accordance with the code combination of the student’s correct answer to the sub-questions posed, the potential bus of the student’s remote control sub-questions is connected via the converter of the shaft rotation angle to the code to the input contacts of the on-off sensors, which under the action of -Ek will be set to a single state. The electrical circuit for generating ratings will establish an excellent rating of “5” on the digital indicators of the instrument control panel and display. In the case when the required alternative option is incorrectly determined for some sub-question by the students, the potential bus of this sub-question of the student's remote control will not be connected to the input of the corresponding on-off sensor, which remains in the zero state. In this case, the electrical circuit for generating grades will not establish an excellent grade on digital indicators, but will establish a grade based on the student’s score as a result of the answer. The electrical circuit of the scoreboard in accordance with the positions of the dial switches connecting the student’s remote controls together with the sensors of the same name to the block of on-off sensors generates a workplace number that is displayed on the digital indicators of the scoreboard (Fig. 18). The number of the workplace on the control panel of the device is determined by the position of the handles of the dials SA1 and SA2.

 Figure 5 shows the design of the student's console, which is 6 switching circuits with 6 positions each (figure 5, a). Switching circuits are made of foil-coated getinox. The voltage Ek goes to the horizontal bus, then through the diodes 1-6, the voltage Ek goes to the vertical potential buses, which together with the contacts on the right with the sliders (Fig.6) form 6 switching circuits. The contacts of the student’s console are electrically connected to the corresponding contacts of the code scale of the shaft angle to transducer to code. In accordance with the switching circuits, there are six guide cutouts in the cover of the student’s desk, within which six sliders can be moved into the cutouts. The sliders are installed in six numbered positions and at the same time they close each vertical potential bus with one of six contacts located to the right of the tires. The sliders are numbered in circles from 1 to 6, the design of which is presented in Fig.6. You can make sliders from Getinax, fluoroplastic or duralumin alloy. In the latter case, a cover made of insulating material is put on the handle of the slider. The part of the slider that forms the electrical connection between the potential buses and the contacts of the student’s remote control is made of an elastic metal plate with a thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm.

 This converter is protected by copyright certificate N 1354417. The converter contains a code scale (Fig. 7) located on one axis (Fig. 7), a disk of primary reading elements (Fig. 8) and a disk of secondary reading elements (Fig. 9). Moreover, the disk of the primary reading elements is installed between the stationary code scale and the disk of the secondary reading elements and is made to rotate together with the axis. On one side of the disk of the primary reading elements, reading brushes are arranged in accordance with the code scale, and on the other side there are concentric rings of conductive material that are electrically connected with the respective brushes and are in contact with reading brushes placed on one side of the disk of the secondary reading elements (Fig. 9, b ), on the other side of which there are output buses (Fig.9, a), electrically connected to the respective brushes. The code scale (Fig. 7) made of formed getinax contains 6 code tracks according to the number of sub-questions on the ticket (checklist). The code track of the largest radius represents the first sub-question, and the code track of the smallest diameter represents the sixth sub-question. The contact numbers of the code scale correspond to the contact numbers of the student’s remote control. The code scale depicted in FIG. 7 contains more than 12 code combinations of alternative answers. The number of code combinations increases due to the fact that for different numbers of converters the disk of primary reading elements is executed in various versions, namely, for the first variant, the reading brushes are located along one radial guide, for the second variant, the brush is in contact with the code track of the largest radius, is placed one step ahead clockwise, for the third option, the brush in contact with the code track of the next radius is placed 1 step ahead, etc. In Fig. 8, for example, brushes are placed each subsequent one step forward. By replacing the primary reading elements in the disk converters in a circle, you can increase 12 times the code combinations implemented by the code scale. The disks of the primary reading elements are easily replaced, and by rotating them around their axes, the codes of the converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into the code are changed. In addition, the next option for increasing the number of code combinations of the shaft rotation angle to code converter is an individual scheme for connecting the converter code scale to the student's desk, which means that for the first option (first workstation), the first contact of the first sub-question of the student's console is connected by desoldering to the first contact code track of the first sub-question of the first workplace of the Converter. For the second workstation, the first contact of the first sub-question of the student's console is switched by desoldering to the second contact of the code track of the first sub-question of the second workplace of the converter, etc. An individual scheme for connecting the code scale of the converter to the student’s desk of the same name eliminates the coincidence of the code combinations of the correct answer at neighboring workplaces, which makes it impossible for students to be prompted by each other. If the student answers correctly to the questions posed by the student’s remote control and the shaft angle converter of the same name, six coincidence circuits I are generated in the code, implemented by electric lines Ek, SA3, SB1 or SB2, SA2, SA1, diodes V1-V6, potential buses of the student's console, contacts ( the positions of the sliders of FIG. 5), the contacts of the code scale (FIG. 7), the contacts and the concentric rings of the primary reading element disk electrically connected to them (FIG. 8), the contacts and the output buses of the W drive disk electrically connected to them are determined ary sensing elements (9), decoupling diodes, SA2 switch (FIG. 10), the inputs of the two-position sensors (11). Disks of primary reading elements and disks of secondary reading elements are made of double-sided foil-coated getinax or fiberglass.

 The schematic diagram of connecting student remotes and transducers to on-off sensors is as follows.

 Connection of coincidence circuits And formed by the student’s desks of the same name and the shaft angle converters to the code is carried out by small-sized wrench switches to 11 positions 1 direction 4 biscuits and 5 positions 2 directions 4 biscuits ПМ11П1Н and ПМ5П2Н SA1 and SA2, respectively.

 In FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of connecting student consoles and converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft in the code to on-off sensors. Ek with SB1 or SB2 goes to the switch SA2.1, then to the switch SA1. With the switches SA1 on the horizontal bus of the student desk of FIG. 5, then to diodes V1-V6, then to vertical potential buses. From potential buses through sliders to the contacts selected by the student (selected options from 6 alternative in the checklist), then the code scale contacts (Fig. 7), the contacts and concentric rings of the primary reading element disc of Fig. 8, contacts and output buses of the disk of secondary reading elements, decoupling diodes (Fig. 9), switch SA2, inputs of on-off sensors. In the matching schemes And the student’s remote - the shaft angle to code converter, the code combination in accordance with the ticket is set by the teacher by setting the primary reading elements of the converter with a special disk key according to the correct answers from 6 (or 5, or 4) alternative options in the checklist. The student in accordance with knowledge determines from the alternative options the correct answers. As a result, when you press the Grade or Explore buttons on the digital indicators of the instrument control panel and the scoreboard, an excellent grade of 5 is displayed, and the scoreboard and workplace number (student number) are indicated by digital indicators. On the control panel of the device, the number of the workplace is determined by the position of the handles of the dials SA1 and SA2. If some match patterns do not work, i.e. students will be mistaken in answers to certain sub-questions, then the scheme for generating an assessment on digital indicators will not connect an excellent grade, but a different grade in accordance with the number of points scored by the student.

подается на схему формирования оценок и на усилители на транзисторах VT5, VT7 с входными цепями, состоящими из резисторов R7, R9. В коллекторные цепи этих усилителей включены электролампочки, индицирующие номер литературы к билету, которую необходимо изучить, чтобы учащемуся иметь отличные знания. По две электролампочки, включенные в коллекторные цепи транзисторов VT3 и VT7, размещаются на табло, а электролампочки HL1 и HL4 - на пульте управления прибора. В приборе имеется шесть двухпозиционных датчиков по числу подвопросов в билете.Two-position sensors are designed to form a reverse and direct code that is removed from the outputs of the matching circuits And, composed of the same student remotes and converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code; to indicate the correct answers of the student and indicate the number of literature for the ticket, which must be studied so that the student has excellent values. The number of literature is indicated to the sub-questions to which the student gave a negative answer. In FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a two-position sensor with amplifiers for indicating the correct answer (for the control panel of the device and the board) and indicating the number of literature for the ticket (also for each sub-question for the control panel of the device and board). The circuit of the actual on-off sensor includes transistors VT2, VT4, VT6, diode VD1 and resistors R1, R3, R5, R6, R8. The transistor VT2 and the resistances R1, R3 constitute an emitter follower, from the output of which the direct code Xi is supplied to the evaluation circuit, as well as to the inverter circuit formed by the transistor VT4, resistors R5, R6. In addition, from the emitter follower through resistors R2, R4, the signal is fed to amplifiers formed by transistors VT1, VT3, in the collector circuits of which are connected light bulbs, indicating the correct answer of the student to the question in the ticket. The inverter (on transistor VT4 with resistance R6 in the collector circuit and input resistor R5) form a reverse code, the signal of which is fed to the emitter follower formed by transistor VT6 and resistor R8. VD1 - input diode. The reverse code signal is output from this emitter follower

fed to the circuit forming estimates and amplifiers on transistors VT5, VT7 with input circuits consisting of resistors R7, R9. The collector circuits of these amplifiers include light bulbs indicating the number of literature for the ticket, which must be studied in order for the student to have excellent knowledge. Two light bulbs included in the collector circuits of VT3 and VT7 transistors are placed on the display panel, and HL1 and HL4 light bulbs are placed on the control panel of the device. The device has six on-off sensors according to the number of sub-questions on the ticket.

 The small-sized paired push-button switch SB2 on the control panel of the device has the inscription "Assessment", and the small-sized paired push-button switch SB1 has the inscription "Explore". When the SB2 button is pressed, the "Evaluation" indicator is displayed on the digital indicators and the light bulbs light up to indicate the correct answer to the sub-questions, and the workplace number (student number) is also displayed on the scoreboard. When SB1 is pressed, the numeric indicators indicate the grade, and the scoreboard and the number of the workplace, as well as the number of literature that needs to be studied for sub-questions to which the student gave a negative answer, is displayed.

 HL1 light bulbs of six on-off sensors are located on the control panel of the device and indicate “Answers to questions” from the first to the sixth sub-question. Light bulbs HL2, HL3 of six on-off sensors are placed in pairs on the instrument panel and indicate “Answers to questions” from the first to the sixth sub-question. HL4 light bulbs of six on-off sensors are located on the control panel of the device and indicate “Study literature for the ticket” from the first to the sixth sub-question. Light bulbs HL5, HL6 of six on-off sensors are placed in pairs on the scoreboard and indicate "Study literature for the ticket" from the first to the sixth sub-question.

 The paired small-sized buttons KM2-1 SB1, SB2 are located on the control panel of the device, and in FIG. 11 they show a connection diagram of the constituent cells of the on-off sensor to a power source.

 The principle scheme for forming estimates consists of a scheme for generating an excellent rating of "5" (Fig. 12), a scheme for generating a good rating of "4" (Fig. 13), a scheme for generating a satisfactory rating of "3" (Fig. 14), a scheme for generating an unsatisfactory rating of " 2 "(Fig. 15), the implementation decoder on the digital indicators scores" 5 "," 4 "," 3 "," 2 "(Fig. 17).

 The implementation function of an excellent assessment is a logical operation of matching AND into six independent variables "5" = X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6.

The schematic diagram of the formation of an excellent rating of "5" (Fig. 12) is a coincidence cell with an AND-NOT inverter with 6 inputs, the output of which is connected to the input of the emitter follower. All schemes for forming estimates are built on logical cells OR NOT. It all depends on what signal is fed to the cell. If zero signals are sent to the cell inputs / reverse code /, then the cell implements the logical operation AND NOT, i.e. coincidence circuit with the inverter, as in this case. If single signals (direct code) are supplied to the cell inputs, then the cell implements the logical operation OR-NOT. For a single signal X = 1, the voltage Ek is taken, and for a zero signal Xi = 0 - zero voltage. The return code from the block of on-off sensors is fed to the NAND cell. X1 is supplied to the first input of the cell without a switch, since by the condition of solving problems the minimum number of actions is equal to one. The following inputs are connected to the circuit via P2K switches. When the student answers all the sub-questions correctly, then all six on-off sensors will be set to a single state, i.e. all inputs of the AND-NOT cell on transistor VT1 will receive a zero signal, which will preserve the closed state of transistor VT1. The voltage Ek from the collector of transistor VT1 through the diode VD9 will transfer the emitter follower transistor VT2 to the open state. At the output of the emitter follower a signal will be generated close to Ek, which, when transmitted to the implementation decoder on digital indicators, will indicate an excellent rating of “5” on the control panel of the device and the scoreboard. If the student answers incorrectly to any sub-question, then the on-off sensor of the same name with the sub-question will remain in the zero state, i.e. the potential at this input number of the circuit for generating an excellent estimate will be close to Ek, which will translate the transistor VT1 into an open state, i.e. there will be zero voltage on the collector of this transistor and there will also be a zero signal at the output of the emitter follower circuit. As a result, the implementation decoder on the digital indicators of grades does not indicate an excellent grade of “5”, but displays some other grade in accordance with the number of points scored by the student. Diodes VD7, VD8, VD10, VD11 are decoupling by collector voltage depending on the mode of operation of the device when checking knowledge of the theory or solving problems and examples. In the "Theory" mode, the collector voltage is applied to the entire circuit of the device, and in the "Task" mode, the collector voltage is not supplied to the circuit for generating good and satisfactory ratings, since in solving problems and examples the rating can be excellent or unsatisfactory due to the fact that the only error leads to a negative result. In the "Theory" mode, the switches SB4 ^o CSB8 must be in the on (pressed) state, and in the "Task" mode these switches are turned on according to the number of mathematical actions, not counting the action of receiving a response. As noted above, the minimum number of mathematical actions in solving problems together with the action of obtaining an answer is two. In this case, the buttons of the P2K switches "Mathematical Action Number" must be in the off / depressed / state, since the first input of the cell (first action) is NOT connected directly to the transistor VT1 without a switch. When solving the problem in three actions, counting the action of receiving the answer, the second button of the button row "Number of mathematical action" is turned on (pressed) (see Fig. 2). When solving the problem in four actions, the second and third buttons are turned on. When solving the problem in five actions, the second, third and fourth buttons are turned on, etc. When solving a problem in seven actions, all five buttons are turned on.

 A push-button switch of the P2K type SB3 is located on the control panel of the device, and in FIG. 12, this switch connects the power supply to the circuit forming an excellent grade.

 At the input of the formation circuit, the estimates differ, the input signals are fed in the reverse code due to the fact that they are fed to the AND-NOT injector.

и нулевой потенциал, так как по условию X3=1 и X5=1. Потенциал, близкий к Ек, с третьего или пятого двухпозиционных датчиков транзистор VT3 переведет в открытое состояние. По условию реализации первой составляющей фракции реализации хорошей оценки на входах

будет нулевой потенциал. Вход "5" управляет ячейкой по принципу приоритета, т.е. когда единичный сигнал на ячейку поступает с выхода схемы фильтрования отличной оценки (фиг. 12), то он является сигналом запрета для схемы формирования хорошей оценки, а также для схемы формирования хорошей оценки, а также для схем формирования удовлетворительной и неудовлетворительной оценок. В данном случае на вход "5" поступает нулевой сигнал. На коллекторе транзистора VT4 установится потенциал Ek, который через диод VD27 откроет транзистор VT7 эмиттерного повторителя. Напряжение, близкое к Ek, с эмиттера VT7 поступит на дешифратор реализации на цифровых индикаторных оценок. На цифровых индикаторах пульта управления прибора и табло индицируется хорошая оценка "4".According to the function of realizing a good grade “4” = X2 X4 X6 / X3 + X5 / + X1 X2 X3 X5 / X4 + X6 /, a circuit diagram is developed which is shown in FIG. 13. The function of implementing a good assessment has two components. The first component X2 X4 X6 / X3 + X5 / of the function is implemented by the logic cell OR = NOT on the diodes VD12, VD13 and the transistor VT3, as well as the coincidence cell with the inverter I-NOT on five inputs, built on the diodes VD14, VD15, VD16, VD17, VD18 and transistor VT4. Resistances R4, R6 are input resistances, and R5, R7 are collector resistances. At the output of the logical cell, OR will NOT be a logical expression

and zero potential, since by hypothesis X3 = 1 and X5 = 1. A potential close to Ek from the third or fifth on-off sensors transistor VT3 will translate into open state. According to the condition for the implementation of the first component of the fraction, the implementation of a good assessment at the inputs

there will be zero potential. Input "5" controls the cell according to the principle of priority, i.e. when a single signal to the cell comes from the output of the excellent rating filtering circuit (Fig. 12), it is a prohibition signal for the good rating generating scheme, as well as for the good rating generating scheme, as well as for the satisfactory and unsatisfactory rating generating schemes. In this case, the input "5" receives a zero signal. On the collector of the transistor VT4, the potential Ek is installed, which through the VD27 diode will open the emitter repeater transistor VT7. A voltage close to Ek from the VT7 emitter will go to the implementation decoder on digital indicator estimates. On the digital indicators of the control panel of the device and the scoreboard a good rating of "4" is indicated.

и нулевой потенциал, так как по условию X4 = 1 или X6 = 1. Потенциал, близкий к Ek, с четвертого или шестого двухпозиционных датчиков переведет транзистор VT5 в открытое состояние. По условию реализации второй составляющей функции реализации хорошей оценки на входах

транзистора VT6 будет нулевой потенциал. Если на входе "5" будет также нулевой потенциал, то на коллекторе транзистора VT6 установится потенциал Ek, который через диод VD28 откроет транзистор VT7 эмиттерного повторителя. Напряжение, близкое к Ek, с эмиттера VT7 поступит на дешифратор реализации на цифровых индикаторах оценок. На цифровых индикаторах пульта управления и табло индицируется хорошая оценка. Диоды VD27 и VD28 совместно с эмиттерным повторителем образуют логическую ячейку исключительно ИЛИ. Определяющую роль в работе ячейки логической функции исключительно ИЛИ играет работа схемы формирования отличной оценки. Входные сигналы на транзисторы VT3, VT5 поступают в прямом коде, так как они проходят дважды через инвертор, а входные сигналы на транзисторы VT4, VT6 поступают в обратном коде вследствие того, что они проходят одноразовое инвертирование.The second component X1 X2 X3 X5 / X4 + X6 / of the function is implemented by the OR-NOT logic cell on the VD19, VD20 diodes and the Vt5 transistor, as well as the six-input coincidence cell with the AND-NOT inverter built on the VD21, VD22, VD23, VD24 diodes , VD25, VD26 and transistor VT6. Resistances R8, R10 are input resistances, and R9, R11 are collector resistances. At the output of the logical cell, OR will NOT be a logical expression

and zero potential, since by the condition X4 = 1 or X6 = 1. A potential close to Ek from the fourth or sixth on-off sensors will put the VT5 transistor into open state. By the condition for the implementation of the second component of the function of implementing a good estimate at the inputs

transistor VT6 will be zero potential. If the input "5" also has zero potential, then the potential Ek will be installed on the collector of the transistor VT6, which will open the emitter follower transistor VT7 through the diode VD28. A voltage close to Ek from the VT7 emitter will go to the implementation decoder on digital rating indicators. On the digital indicators of the control panel and the board a good mark is indicated. Diodes VD27 and VD28 together with the emitter follower form a logical cell exclusively OR. The decisive role in the work of a cell of a logical function exclusively OR is played by the work of the formation of an excellent mark. The input signals to transistors VT3, VT5 come in direct code, as they pass twice through the inverter, and the input signals to transistors VT4, VT6 come in reverse code due to the fact that they undergo a one-time invert.

и нулевой потенциал, так как по условию X4 = 1 или X6 = 1. Потенциал, близкий к Ek, с четвертого или шестого двухпозиционных датчиков транзистор VT8 переведет в открытое состояние. Диоды VD31, VD32, VD33, VD34, VD35, VD36 с транзистором VT9 образуют схему совпадения с инвертором И-НЕ на 6 входов. На входы

по условию поступают нулевые сигналы. Сигналы, поступающие на входы "4" и "5", управляют ячейкой по правилу приоритета, т.е. когда единичный сигнал на ячейку поступает с выхода схемы формирования отличной оценки, то он является сигналом запрета как для схемы формирования хорошей оценки, так и для схемы формирования удовлетворительной оценки, а также для схемы формирования неудовлетворительной оценки. Если схема формирования отличной оценки не сработает по результату ответа учащегося на поставленные подвопросы, то следующим сигналом запрета является сигнал, поступаемый на ячейку с выхода схемы формирования хорошей оценки. Как видно из схемы формирования удовлетворительной оценки, сигналы отличной "5" и хорошей "4" оценок поступают на все ячейки совпадения с инверторами И-НЕ. По условию на входы "4" и "5" поступает нулевой сигнал. Поэтому транзистор VT9 останется в закрытом состоянии. Потенциал Ek с коллектора этого транзистора через диод VD66 переведет транзистор VT17 в открытое состояние. Сигнал с этого эмиттерного повторителя "3" поступит на дешифратор реализации на цифровых индикаторах оценок. На пульте управления и табло прибора индицируется удовлетворительная оценка "3".A satisfactory rating of "3" is realized by the following function "3" = X1 X3 X5 / X4 + X6 / + X4 X6 / X3 + X5 / + X2 X4 / X1 + X3 + X5 / + X2 X6 / X1 + X3 + X4 + X5 / + X2 X3 X5. In FIG. 14 is a diagram of a satisfactory score formation. The circuit was developed in accordance with this function. The first component function X1 X3 X5 / X4 + X6 / is implemented on the logical cell OR-NOT and on the logical cell AND-NOT. The logic cell OR is NOT built on diodes VD29, VD30 and transistor VT8. Resistance R13 is the input resistance, and R14 is the collector resistance. At the output of the logical cell, OR will NOT be a logical expression

and zero potential, since by the condition X4 = 1 or X6 = 1. A potential close to Ek from the fourth or sixth on-off sensors transistor VT8 will translate into open state. Diodes VD31, VD32, VD33, VD34, VD35, VD36 with transistor VT9 form a matching circuit with an AND-NOT inverter for 6 inputs. To the entrances

By condition, zero signals are received. The signals arriving at inputs "4" and "5" control the cell according to the priority rule, i.e. when a single signal to the cell comes from the output of the excellent grade formation circuit, it is a prohibition signal for both the good grade formation circuit and the satisfactory grade formation circuit, as well as the poor grade formation circuit. If the formation of an excellent mark does not work out as a result of the student’s response to the sub-questions posed, then the next ban signal is the signal received at the cell from the output of the formation of a good mark. As can be seen from the satisfactory rating formation scheme, signals of excellent “5” and good “4” ratings are sent to all coincidence cells with NAND inverters. By condition, the inputs "4" and "5" receives a zero signal. Therefore, the transistor VT9 will remain in the closed state. The potential Ek from the collector of this transistor through the VD66 diode will transfer the transistor VT17 to the open state. The signal from this emitter follower "3" will go to the decoder implementation on the digital indicators indicators. A satisfactory rating of "3" is displayed on the control panel and the instrument panel.

и нулевой потенциал, так как по условию X3 = 1 или X5 = 1. Потенциал, близкий к Ek, с третьего или пятого двухпозиционных датчиков переведет транзистор VT10 в открытое состояние. По условию реализации второй составляющей функции реализации удовлетворительной оценки на входах

будет нулевой потенциал. Если на входах "4" и "5" также будет нулевой потенциал, то на коллекторе транзистора VT1 установится потенциал Ek, который откроет транзистор VT17 эмиттерного повторителя. Напряжение, близкое к Ek, с эмиттера VT17 поступит на дешифратор реализации на цифровых индикаторах оценок. На цифровых индикаторах пульта управления и табло прибора индицируется удовлетворительная оценка "3".The second component of the function X4 X6 / X3 + X5 / is implemented by the logical cell of coincidence with the I-NOT inverter for 5 inputs, built on diodes VD39, VD40, VD41, VD42, VD43 and transistor VT11. Resistances R17, R19 are input resistances, and R16, R20 are collector resistances. At the output of the logical cell, OR will NOT be a logical expression

and zero potential, since by condition X3 = 1 or X5 = 1. A potential close to Ek from the third or fifth on-off sensors will put the VT10 transistor into open state. According to the condition for the implementation of the second component of the function of implementing a satisfactory estimate at the inputs

there will be zero potential. If the inputs "4" and "5" also have a zero potential, then the potential Ek will be installed on the collector of the transistor VT1, which will open the emitter follower transistor VT17. A voltage close to Ek from the VT17 emitter will go to the implementation decoder on digital rating indicators. A satisfactory rating of "3" is indicated on the digital indicators of the control panel and the instrument panel.

и нулевой потенциал, так как по условию X1 = 1 или X3 = 1, или X5 = 1. Потенциал, близкий к Ek, с первого или третьего, или пятого двухпозиционных датчиков транзистор VT12 переведет в открытое состояние. По условию реализации третьей составляющей функции реализации удовлетворительной оценки на входах

будет нулевой потенциал, если на входах "4", "5" транзистора VT13 будет также нулевой потенциал, то на коллекторе транзистора VT13 установится потенциал Ek, который откроет транзистор VT17 эмиттерного повторителя. Напряжение, близкое у Ek, с эмиттера VT17 поступит на дешифратор реализации на цифровых индикаторах оценок. На цифровых индикаторах пульта управления и табло прибора индицируется удовлетворительная оценка "3".The third component of the function X2 X4 / X1 + X3 + X5 / is implemented by the OR-NOT logic cell on the VD44, VD45, Vd46 diodes and the VT12 transistor, as well as the five-input coincidence cell with the AND-NOT inverter built on the VD47 ^o C VD51 and transistor VT13. Resistances R21, R23 are input resistors, and R22, R24 are collector resistors. At the output of the logical cell, OR will NOT be a logical expression

and zero potential, since by the condition X1 = 1 or X3 = 1, or X5 = 1. A potential close to Ek from the first, third, or fifth on-off sensors transistor VT12 will translate into open state. According to the condition for the implementation of the third component of the function of implementing a satisfactory estimate at the inputs

there will be zero potential, if at the inputs "4", "5" of the transistor VT13 there will also be a zero potential, then the potential Ek will be installed on the collector of the transistor VT13, which will open the emitter repeater transistor VT17. The voltage close to Ek from the VT17 emitter will go to the implementation decoder on digital rating indicators. A satisfactory rating of "3" is indicated on the digital indicators of the control panel and the instrument panel.

 The third component of the function X2 • X4 / X1 + X3 + X5 / is implemented by the OR-NOT logic cell on the D44, D45, D46 diodes and the T12 transistor, as well as the five-input coincidence cell with the NAND NOT inverter, built on the D47 - D51 and transistor T13. Resistances 21, 23 are input resistors, and 22, 24 are collector resistors. At the output of the logic cell, OR will NOT be the logical expression X1 + X3 + X5 and zero potential, since by condition X1 = 1 or X3 = 1, or X5 = 1. The potential is close to Ek from the first, third, or fifth on-off sensors transistor T12 will translate into an open state. According to the condition for implementing the third component of the satisfactory evaluation function, there will be zero potential at inputs X2 and X4, if there will also be zero potential at inputs "4", "5" of transistor T13, then potential Ek will be installed on the collector of transistor T13, which will open the emitter follower transistor T17 . A voltage close to Ek from the emitter T 17 will go to the implementation decoder on digital rating indicators. A satisfactory rating of "3" is indicated on the digital indicators of the control panel and the instrument panel.

и нулевой потенциал, так как по условию X1 = 1 или X3 = 1, или X4 - 1, или X5 - 1. Потенциал, близкий к Ek, с первого или третьего, или четвертого, или пятого двухпозиционных датчиков переведет транзистор VT14 в открытое состояние. По условию реализации четвертой составляющей функции реализации удовлетворительной оценки на входах

будет нулевой потенциал. Если на входах "4", "5" транзистора VT15 будет также нулевой потенциал, то на коллекторе транзистора VT15 установится потенциал Ek, который через диод D69 откроет транзистор VT17 эмиттерного повторителя. Напряжение, близкое к Ek, с эмиттера VT17 поступит на дешифратор реализации на цифровых индикаторах оценок. На цифровых индикаторах пульта управления и табло прибора индицируется удовлетворительная оценка.The fourth component X2 X5 / X1 + X3 + X4 + X5 / functions is implemented by the OR-NOT logic cell on the VD52, VD53, VD54, VD55 diodes and the VT14 transistor, as well as the five-input coincidence cell with the NAND inverter built on the VD56 diodes , VD57, VD58, VD59, VD60 and transistor VT15. Resistances R25, R27 are input resistors, and R26, R28 are collector resistors. At the output of the logical cell, OR will NOT be a logical expression

and zero potential, because by the condition X1 = 1 or X3 = 1, or X4 - 1, or X5 - 1. A potential close to Ek from the first, third, fourth, or fifth on-off sensors will turn the VT14 transistor into open state . By the condition for the implementation of the fourth component of the function of implementing a satisfactory estimate at the inputs

there will be zero potential. If there is also a zero potential at the inputs “4”, “5” of the transistor VT15, then the potential Ek will be installed on the collector of the transistor VT15, which will open the emitter follower transistor VT17 through the d69. A voltage close to Ek from the VT17 emitter will go to the implementation decoder on digital rating indicators. A satisfactory rating is indicated on the digital indicators of the control panel and the instrument panel.

будет нулевой потенциал. Если на входах "4", "5" транзистора VT16 также будет нулевой потенциал, то на коллекторе VT16 установится потенциал Ek, который через диод VD70 откроет транзистор VT17 эмиттерного повторителя. Напряжение, близкое к Ek, с эмиттера VT17 поступит на дешифратор реализации на цифровых индикаторах оценок. На цифровых индикаторах пульта управления и табло прибора индицируется удовлетворительная оценка.The fifth component of X2 • X3 • X5 is the function of implementing a logical cell match with an I-NOT inverter for five inputs, built on diodes VD61, VD62, VD63, VD64, VD65 and transistor VT16. Resistance R29 is the input resistor, and R30 is the collector resistor. According to the condition for the implementation of the fifth component of the function of implementing a satisfactory estimate at the inputs

there will be zero potential. If there is also a zero potential at the inputs "4", "5" of the VT16 transistor, then the potential Ek will be installed on the VT16 collector, which will open the emitter follower transistor VT17 through the VD70 diode. A voltage close to Ek from the VT17 emitter will go to the implementation decoder on digital rating indicators. A satisfactory rating is indicated on the digital indicators of the control panel and the instrument panel.

 Diodes VD66, VD67, VD68, VD69, VD70 together with the emitter follower on the transistor VT17 form a logical cell OR.

 The input signals to the OR cells are received in the direct code, since they undergo double inversion, and the input signals to the AND cells are received in the reverse code, since they pass through the inverter once.

 The switch SB3 is located on the control panel of the device, and in FIG. 14, this switch shows a power supply circuit to a satisfactory rating generating circuit.

The function of implementing an unsatisfactory assessment is impractical to determine in the same way that the functions of implementing excellent, good and satisfactory evaluations were determined, since in this case the function of implementing an unsatisfactory assessment will be unreasonably complex and cumbersome. The optimal function will be the implementation of the unsatisfactory assessment, which is based on the principles of priority of excellent, good and satisfactory assessments. In this case, the implementation function of the unsatisfactory assessment will take the following expression:
"2" = "5""4""3"
The unsatisfactory assessment formation scheme (Fig. 15), compiled on the basis of this expression, is distinguished by its simple, reliable design and consists of a coincidence cell with an NAND inverter built on VD71, VD72, VD73 diodes and VT18 transistor, as well as an emitter follower transistor VT19, the input of which a signal through the diode VD76 is supplied from the cell AND-NOT. Resistance R32 is the input resistance, R33 is the collector resistance, and R34 is the emitter resistance. The diodes VD74, VD75, VD77, VD78, as in the circuit for generating an excellent rating, are decoupled by the collector voltage depending on the operating mode of the device when checking knowledge of the theory or solving problems and techniques, since in the "Theory" mode the collector voltage is applied to the entire circuit of the device, and in the "Task" mode, the collector voltage is not supplied to the circuit for generating good and satisfactory ratings. At the output of the formation circuit of the unsatisfactory assessment, a potential close to Ek is generated, then at the outputs of the formation circuits an excellent, good and satisfactory assessment will be a zero signal, i.e. when the student gave an unsatisfactory answer to the questions posed. A voltage close to Ek is emitted from the emitter of the VT19 transistor to the implementation decoder on digital rating indicators. An unsatisfactory rating is initiated on the digital indicators of the instrument control panel and the scoreboard. If the student responds positively to the sub-questions posed, then the output signals from the schemes for generating excellent, good, or satisfactory grades will set the match cell with the NAND inverter to zero. As a result, a zero signal is established at the output of the emitter follower on the transistor VT19. The SB3 switch provides two modes of operation for the knowledge control device.

 In FIG. 16 shows a diagram of the connection of the supply voltage to the nodes of the knowledge control device. The voltage of the network 220 V 50 Hz, reduced by the transformer to 10 V, is fed through a half-wave rectifier to one pair of input contacts 1.2, of the toggle switch TP1-2 SA3. The second pair of input contacts 5, 6 of the SA3 toggle switch receives a voltage of 9 V from six 3336 batteries. The output contact 3 of the toggle switch, which is connected to the input contacts 1, 5, to which the positive contacts of the power supply sources are connected, is connected to the device body. The output contact 4 of the toggle switch, which is connected to the minus of the supply voltage sources, is electrically connected to the switching contacts 1, 1 with the self-resetting of the small-sized coupled push-button switch KM2-1SB1. Contact 3, which in the initial position, contacts the switching contact 1 of the switch SB1, 2, is electrically connected to the switching contacts 1, 1 with the self-resetting of the small-sized twin button switch RV2-1SB2. Contact 2, to which, when the button is pressed, the switching contact 1 of the SB2.2 switch contacts, is electrically connected to the switching contact of the P2K switch SB3. By pressing the button of the “Explore” switch SB1, the supply voltage is supplied to the circuit board of the rating formation circuit, to the on-off sensor unit, to digital indicators, to amplifiers, in the collector circuits of which there are light indication lamps indicating “Study literature for the ticket”. Voltage is also supplied to the SA2 switch. As a result, the control panel and the scoreboard will display the grade, literature numbers for sub-questions to which the student gave a negative answer, and the scoreboard and workplace number (student number). When you press the button of the SB2 switch "Assessment", the voltage will be connected to amplifiers, in the collector circuits of which there are light bulbs indicating "Answers to questions", and the voltage is connected to all nodes, as when the "Explore" button is pressed except for amplifiers, collector circuits which are connected indicator lights, indicating "Study literature for the ticket." As a result of pressing the "Assessment" button on the control panel and the scoreboard, the score "Answers to questions" is displayed, and the student’s number is displayed on the scoreboard. In case of a negative assessment, the control panel and the display panel, both in the "Evaluation" and "Explore" modes, will also light up the indicator lights indicating "Prepare and retake."

 In FIG. 17 shows a seven-segment indicator and a schematic diagram of a decoder implementation on digital indicators indicators. The digital indicator is a simple device consisting of 7 transparent segments made of plexiglass, with which you can display any digit from zero to nine. All segments in the drawing are numbered from one to seven. For the device, there are two types of digital indicators for the control panel and display. For a smaller control panel with backlit segments, one CHM12 light bulb, and for a display panel, each segment is highlighted with two CHM12 light bulbs.

 Schematic diagram of the implementation decoder on digital indicators of estimates is eight amplifiers, in the collector circuits of which are included three light bulbs SNM12. The eighth amplifier (numbered zero) controls the light signaling lamps, signaling "Prepare and retake." Of these three bulbs, one is on the control panel, and two on the display. Each amplifier consists of two transistors, in the collector circuit of one of them there is one light bulb, and in the collector circuit of the other two light bulbs are connected. Amplifiers are controlled by diodes with signals that are generated by the considered schemes for the formation of excellent, good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory ratings. According to the digital indicator, an excellent score is realized by highlighting 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 segments. In a schematic diagram, amplifiers on transistors V22 and 1V22, V23 and 1V23, V25 and 1V15, V26 and 1V26, V27 and 1V27 are connected to the collector circuits to the excellent rating bus "5" via V85, V87, V91, V94, V95 diodes. one and 2 light bulbs respectively, which count 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 segments, as a result of which an excellent mark is displayed.

 According to the digital indicator, a good score is indicated by the illumination of 1, 3, 6 and 7 segments, for which a potential close to Ek is supplied to the diodes V82, V86, V93, V96. Under the action of the potential, transistors V21 and 1V21, V23 and 1V23, V26 and 1V26, V27 and 1V27 are brought into the open state. The light bulb included in the collector circuit of these transistors lights up. As a result, a good mark is displayed on the digital indicators of the device.

 According to the digital indicator, an unsatisfactory rating is indicated by the illumination of 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 segments. The potential close to Ek, from the output of the circuit for generating an unsatisfactory rating, is supplied through the diodes V80, V83, V88, V89, V90 to the amplifiers on transistors V21, 1V21, V22 and 1V22, V24 and 1V24, V25 and 1V15, V27 and 1V17. Transistors open, in the collector circuits of which light bulbs light up, illuminating the segments that form an unsatisfactory rating on the digital indicators of the instrument control panel and the display.

 In FIG. 18 is a diagram of a scoreboard consisting of two digital indicators that indicate the student number (workplace number). Evaluation is indicated by one digital indicator. “Answers to questions” indicates six pairs of light bulbs. “Study literature for the ticket” also indicates six pairs of light bulbs. “Prepare and retake” is indicated by two light bulbs. With the exception of the student number, all other information displayed on the scoreboard is duplicated on the control panel of the device. The student number on the control panel of the device is determined by the position of the two knobs of the dial switches SA1, SA2 (see Fig. 10). Ek with SB1.2 or SB2.2 is fed to SA2.1 and then to SA1 it can be fed to 4 boards, each of which has 11 contacts that can be connected to the common contacts of the board, indicated in FIG. 10 roman numerals. These common pins are connected to the 4 pins of the SA2.1 switch. The SA2 switch can be set to a maximum of 5 positions, which determine the maximum capabilities of the device 5 • 11 = 55 workplaces. In the initial data of the device, 44 jobs were accepted - 4 • 11. Therefore, in the switch SA2, the rotor travel limiter is installed so that it can be installed in four positions, starting from the first. As can be seen from FIG. 10, the number of the workplace is determined by the position of the control knobs of the switches SA1 and SA2. The SA2 control knob determines the number of the SA1 board, to the common contact of which the voltage is connected. The depicted position of the handles indicates that the functional components of the device are connected to the first workstation. If the handle of the switch SA2 is set to the 2nd position (without changing the position of the handle A1), then the workstation = 1 + 11 will be connected to the main nodes of the device 12. When setting the handle of the SA2 switch to the 3rd position, 23 workplaces = 1 + 11 + 11, etc. will be connected to the main nodes of the device The position of the handles of the dial switches SA1 and SA2 in FIG. 2 indicates that 17 working places 11 + 6 are connected to the main nodes of the device.

 Two options for a power source are accepted for the device.

 1. The device is equipped with a TP1-9-220-50 transformer commercially available from industry with a ШЛ16 • 25 magnetic circuit. The voltage of the secondary windings (see Fig. 19) is P – 5 V, Sh – 5V. The current of the secondary windings is P - 1 A, Sh - 1 A. The secondary windings are connected in series, forming a voltage of 10 V, a current of 1 A. The voltage of 10 V through 2 diodes 292204V, performing half-wave rectification, is applied to the switch TP1-2 (see Fig. sixteen). The output power of the transformer is 10 VA.

 2. Connects 6 flat elements 3336 forming a direct current voltage of 9 V.

In FIG. 2 shows a drawing of the placement of controls and displays, as well as 44 student remotes and 44 converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code. The six light bulbs indicating “Answers to Questions” are numbered from one to six. The rooms are located to the left of the light bulbs. Directly on the light bulbs are the numbers indicating the number of points received by the student for answering a specific sub-question. If the students answer correctly, the light bulbs light up. If the student answers correctly to some sub-question, then the light bulb of this sub-question will not light up when the "Evaluation" button is pressed. The next six light bulbs indicate "Study literature for ticket." The number of sub-questions on which the students may be given a negative answer is marked on the light bulbs. These bulbs when you click the "Explore" signal the number of literature for the ticket, which must be studied so that the student has excellent knowledge of the sub-issues of the ticket. The table of correspondence of the possible ranges of points scored for the answer to the students' assessment shows that an excellent mark for 15 points, a good mark for 12 ^o C 14 points, a satisfactory mark for 8 ^o C points, an unsatisfactory mark for seven or less points are induced on the digital indicator. The “Prepare and retake” indicator light lights up when the device indicates a poor grade to the student in accordance with knowledge. On the digital indicator (in the form of number 8), the device displays grades in accordance with the knowledge of students. The twin-sized small-sized KM2-1 SB2 “Evaluation” button connects the supply voltage to the device’s circuitry, with the exception of transistors, in the collector circuits of which indicator lights are connected, indicating “Study literature for the ticket”. The KM2-1 SB1 “Explore” twin-sized small button connects the supply voltage to the device circuitry, with the exception of transistors, in the collector circuits of which “Answers to Questions” light bulbs are connected. The handle of a small biscuit switch to 4 positions 2 voltages of 4 biscuits SA2 provides the connection of the supply voltage to the small biscuit switch SA1, as well as the connection of four groups of six output buses in each group from eleven matching circuits formed by the same remote control students studying to shaft angle to code converters to on-off sensors (see Fig. 10). The handle of the small-sized biscuit switch SA1 for eleven positions one direction four biscuits 11P4N connects the voltage Ek to the matching circuits formed by the student’s desks of the same name and the shaft angle converters to the code. The handle of the SA1 biscuit switch connects four groups of eleven workstations (student panels of the same name with serial converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code) to the inputs of on-off sensors. When connected to the first group of eleven workstations, the SA2 dial switch is in the first position. When connected to the second group of eleven workstations (from 12 to 22 workstations), the SA2 switch is in the second position. When connected to the third group of eleven workstations (from 23 to 33 workstations), the SA2 switch is in the third position. When connected to the fourth group of eleven workstations (34 to 44 workstations), the SA2 switch is in the fourth position. The push-button switch V9 of type P2K "Network" is connected to the device with a voltage of 220 V 50 Hz. The push-button switch SB3 of type P2K "Theory-Task" sets the operation mode of the device depending on the verification of students' knowledge of theory or solving problems and examples. With the button pressed, the device is ready to test knowledge in theory, and when the button is pressed, the device is ready to test knowledge in solving problems and examples. Button switches "N mathematical actions" SB4, SB5, SB6, SB7, SB8 determine the number and numbers of mathematical actions when solving problems and examples (see Fig. 13). The first action (the first input of the excellent marking formation circuit) is included without a P2K button switch. The minimum number of actions, not counting the action of receiving a response, is one. Therefore, when solving a problem in one action (with a response in two actions), the SB4 ^o C SB8 switches must be in the released (off) state. When solving the problem in two actions, the SB4 switch must be pressed (turned on) (on the control panel, button number 2 from a number of buttons called "N mathematical actions"), in three actions - SB4, SB5 / 2 and 3 / buttons, in four actions - SB4, SB5, SB6 (2, 3, 4 buttons), etc. When the device is in the "Theory" mode, the SB4 ^o C SB8 switches must be in the on (pressed) state. In FIG. 13, these switches are set in the "Task" mode when solving a task in one action (with a response in two actions). The toggle switch TP1-2 SA3 "10V-B33369V" connects the electrical circuit of the device for power supply to a low voltage with a half-wave rectification of 10 V or to six 3336 batteries with a voltage of 9 V.

 Sources of information.

 1. A device for controlling the knowledge of students according to the author's certificate of the USSR N 732973.

 2. Demidovich N. T. Computers and programming. - Minsk: Universitetskoye, 1985.

Claims (1)

 A knowledge control device comprising student panels, a control panel, response coding units, an evaluation unit, student switchboard, an indication unit, characterized in that it contains a two-position sensor unit, each student unit together with an evaluation unit is configured to answer sub-questions of varying complexity to the three questions presented in the form of several sub-questions in the checklist together with possible alternative answers and a list of references to each sub-question, each the response coding unit is made in the form of a shaft rotation angle to code converter, the display unit is in the form of a panel containing digital indicators of the student’s number, a digital assessment indicator, indicators of the correctness of answers to sub-questions, indicators of the literature number for sub-questions, the “Prepare and retake” indicator, inputs the student’s remote control power supply is connected through the remote control switch connected to the corresponding control panel output to the power supply bus, and the student’s remote control outputs are connected to the inputs transducers of the angle of rotation of the shaft into a code with the possibility of implementing the matching function, the outputs of the converters of the angle of rotation of the shaft into the code are connected to the inputs of the block of on-off sensors, and the number of sensors in the block corresponds to the number of sub-questions in the checklist, the outputs of the block of on-off sensors are connected to the inputs of the block for forming estimates , forming estimates on a five-point system in accordance with the number of points scored when answering sub-questions, the electrical inputs of the scoreboard are connected respectively the outputs of the block formation of estimates and corresponding remote control outputs, all the lights display, except for the student numbers of indicators, are duplicated on the remote control unit, where the student number corresponds to the position of handles two wafer switches - switch remote students.

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